Hylyphantes graminicola ( Sundevall, 1830 )

Tu, Lihong & Li, Shuqiang, 2003, A Review Of The Spider Genus Hylyphantes (Araneae: Linyphiidae) From China, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2), pp. 209-214 : 211-214

Hylyphantes graminicola ( Sundevall, 1830)

( Fig. 3 )

Linyphia graminicola Sundevall, 1830: 26 .

Material examined. – 1 male and 7 females ( SMF 18260/8), Schiller Park , Dessau, Germany, coll. H. Wiehle, 23 May.1948 ; 1 male ( SMF8537 ), Arachn , Belgien, coll. Rwr. - Lfd. 1939 ; 5 males and 40 females ( SMF3689 ), Kompira , Saga, Japan, coll. W. Doenitz, 1882 ; 4 males and 1 female ( SMF 35669), Koezki bei Losice ( FD 20 ) (Duene am Bug-Ufer), Poland, coll. Starega 0388, 30 May.1981 ; 1 male ( SMF 25021/1), bei Bremen , Germany, ex Slg. RII/11864, coll. J. Wunderlich, 1970 ; 1 female ( SMF 25072/1), Bremen, Germany, ex Slg. RII/9096, coll. J. Wunderlich, 1971 ; 20 male and 15 females ( ZRC), Hanshiqiao Reservoir , Shunyi County (40.1 N, 116.6 E), Beijing, 11 Jul.2002 ; 11 males and 5 females (IZCAS-Tu0019), Zhejiang Province, 16 Oct.1966 ; 3 females (IZCAS-020), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000 ; 1 female (IZCAS-021), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000 ; 1 female (IZCAS-024), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec. 2000 ; 1 female (IZCAS-025), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000 ; 4 females (IZCAS-026), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000 ; 1 female (IZCAS-027), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000 ; 3 females (IZCAS-042), Viet Lann Village , Ha Jiang Province, Vietnam, 10 Dec.2000 ; 2 males and 2 females (IZCAS-056), Guang Hoa , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 18 Dec.2000 ; 3 males and 8 females (IZCAS-059), Sac Ha Village , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 16 Dec.2000 ; 3 females (IZCAS-064), Sac Ha Village , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 16 Dec.2000 ; 1 female (IZCAS-069), Sac Ha Village , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 17 Dec.2000 ; 2 males and 2 females (IZCAS-072), Sac Ha Village , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 17 Dec.2000 ; 1 male and 3 females (IZCAS- 075(), Sac Ha Village , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 17 Dec.2000 ; 4 males and 6 females (IZCAS-081), Guang Hoa , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 18 Dec.2000 ; 1 male and 1 female (IZCAS- 100), Guang Hoa , Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 19 Dec.2000 ; 1 female (IZCAS-112), Tan Linh Village , Son Tay Province, Vietnam, 24 Dec.2000 ; 3 females (IZCAS-113), Tan Linh Village , Son Tay Province, Bavi Distr., Vietnam, 23 Dec.2000 ; 5 males and 5 females (IZCAS-114), Tan Linh Village , Son Tay Province, Bavi Distr., Vietnam, 23 Dec.2000 ; 3 males and 7 females ( IZCAS 115 ), Tan Linh Village , Son Tay Province, Bavi Distr., Vietnam, 23 Dec.2000 ; 1 male (IZCAS-116), Van Hoa Village , Son Tay Province, Bavi Distr., Vietnam, 22 Dec.2000 ; 1 male (IZCAS-23), Van Hoa Village , Son Tay Province, Bavi Distr., Vietnam, 23 Dec.2000 .

Diagnosis. – Male chelicerae with a tooth-like process situated on front face, promargin with four to five teeth and retromargin four, but the former much smaller than the later ( Fig. 3F ), whereas in female, chelicerae without the toothlike process, promargin teeth bigger than retromargin. Tm I 0.60, Tm IV present.

Palp: palpal patella with ventral apophysis ( Figs. 3A, C ); tibia dorsal apophysis stout, and with an apical tooth strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 3E ); embolus with 3 spirals and the third one much larger than the other two ( Figs. 3 A-D); distal suprategular apophysis triangular form ( Fig. 3D ); tegulum ventral margin straight ( Figs. 3A, C ).

Epigynum: atrium ovate, wider than long, the copulatory ducts spiral ( Figs. 3G, H ).

Habitats. – Hylyphantes graminicola is one of the most important natural enemies of different pests in farmland and forest in Asia ( Waterhous, 1998). The ecology of H. graminicola was studied by several authors ( Li, 1995; Li,1998, Liu & Liu 1990). In cotton field, it built small web between clods when the cotton is small, latter lives on branches when the cotton become bigger. A density of 30- individual/m 2 can be found in cotton field of North China ( Li, 1998).

Distribution. – Palearctic, Vietnam.

Figures

Fig. 3. Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830). A. left male palp, prolateral view; B. embolus, prolateral view; C. left male palp, retrolateral view; D. embolus division, ventral view; E. palpal tibia, dorsal view; F. left chelicera, frontal view; G. epigynum, ventral view; F. vulva, dorsal view. [Scale bars: 0.1mm; Drawings were based on specimen from Beijing, IZCAS-Tu0019].