Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) spectrum, Murao, 2021

Murao, Ryuki, 2021, Redefinition of the sexstrigatus group of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) Cockerell, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae), with a revision of Japanese species, European Journal of Taxonomy 763, pp. 1-74 : 32-39

Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) spectrum sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D53C2563-540A-47B6-BD17-4FDE9FF7BFAD

Figs 10 , 16A–B , 17E , 19B , 20F

Diagnosis

Females are similar to L. (H.) epicinctus but are separated from them by the frons with sparse hairs (not mixed with tomentose hairs) and the ridges of the metapostnotum long (nearly reaching posterior margin as in Fig. 10F ). In contrast, in L. (H.) epicinctus , the frons is mixed with dense whitish tomentose hairs and the ridges of the metapostnotum are short (only present on basal area).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from ‘Obake’, meaning ‘ghost’ in Japanese. This species has been called “Obake-chibi-kohanabachi” in Japanese, hence its scientific name.

Material examined

Holotype JAPAN – Kyushu • ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Soeda-machi, Kyushu Univ. , Hikosan Exp. St. ; 33°28′48.746″ N, 130°54′55.452″ E; 18 Jul. 2014; R. Murao leg.; ELKU. [Verbatim label: JAPAN: Kyushu /Kyushu Univ., Hikosan Exp. St. / Soeda-machi/ Fukuoka Pref./ 18. vii. 2014 / Ryuki Murao leg. // N33°28′48.746″ E130°54′55.452″ // HOLOTYPE // Lasiioglossum (Hemihalictus) spectrum Murao ]

Paratypes JAPAN – Honshu • 10 ♂♂; Iwate Pref., Morioka ; 18 Jun. 1980; Y. Maeta leg., from nest; MNHAH • 20 ♂♂; same location as for preceding; 5 Jul. 1980; Y. Maeta leg., from nest; MNHAH • 11 ♂♂; Iwate Pref., Morioka, Kuriyagawa ; 21 Jul. 1980; Y. Maeta leg., from nest; MNHAH • 3 ♂♂; same location as for preceding; 30 Jul. 1980; Y. Maeta leg., from nest; MNHAN • 2 ♂♂; same location as for preceding; 1 Aug. 1980; Y. Maeta leg., from nest; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Shimane Pref., Okinoshima Is. , Nagaobana, Chibu ; 36° N, 133°03′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; K. Otsui leg.; cMur • 1 ♀; Shimane Pref., Oda, Mt Sanbe ; 35°9′ N, 132°37′ E; 6 Aug. 2015; K. Otsui leg.; cMur . – Kyushu • 2 ♀♀; Fukuoka Pref., Soeda-machi, Kyushu Univ., Hikosan Exp. St. ; 33°28′48.746″ N, 130°54′55.452″ E; 13 Jun. 2014; R. Murao leg., ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 19 Sep. 2013; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 23 May 2014; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 18 Jul. 2014; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; Fukuoka Pref., Tagawa-gun, Soeda-machi, Mt Hiko-san ; 33°28′48.766″ N, 130°54′55.452″ E –33°29′16.788″ N, 130°54′56.461″ E; 17 Jul. 2014; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Hikosan ( Buzen ); 8 Jul. 1939; K. Yasumatsu leg.; ELKU; 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 28 Jul. 1939; K. Yasumatsu leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mt Hiko-san, Kajiya ; 10 May 1973; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 4 Jun. 1973; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Tagawa-gun, Nishi-Soeda ; 18 Jun. 1968; K. Kanmiya leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka, Mt Hiko ; 4 May 1969; K. Kanmiya leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Jul. 1969; K. Kanmiya leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 8 Jul. 1970; K. Nozato leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 2 May 1971; H. Makihara leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 7 Jul. 1971; M.T. Chujo leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 29 May 1972; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 1 Jun. 1972; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 28 Apr. 1976; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 22 May 1980; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 14 Aug. 1980; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 13 Jun. 1969; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 21 Jun. 1966; A. Taketani leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 22 Jun. 1966; A. Taketani leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 23 Jun. 1966; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 25 Jun. 1966; A. Taketani leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 18 Jul. 1966; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 23 Jul. 1966; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Aug. 1966; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 30 Aug. 1966; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 15 May 1967; S. Kimoto leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 17 May 1967; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 25 May 1967; S. Kimoto leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 26 May 1967; S. Kimoto leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 3 Jun. 1967; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 4 Jul. 1967; K. Takeno leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 7 Jul. 1968; K. Kanmiya leg.; ELKU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 21 Jul. 1968; K. Kanmiya leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 11 May 1971; Y. Hirashima leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 7 Jul. 1971; Y. Hirashima leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Genkaijima ; 33°41′24.799″ N, 130°13′52.528″ E; 19 Jul. 2009; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Nagahama-kaigan ; 33°36′37.64″ N, 130°15′34.919″ E; 2 Aug. 2009; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 3 ♀♀; Fukuoka Pref., Ushikubi-dam, Ohnojyo-shi ; 29 Jun. 2011; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka-shi, Sawara-ku, Shiibaru ; 3 May 2010; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; Fukuoka Pref., Chikushino-shi, Kouzono, Ônejiyama-rindo ; 4 Jul. 2009; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka-shi, Higashi-ku, Shikanoshima ; 14 Apr. 2013; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Saga Pref., Tosu-shi, Mt Kusenbu-yama ; 33°25′1.353″ N, 130°26′46.819″ E; 6 Jun. 2010; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 12 Jun. 2010; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 19 Sep. 2013; Y. Murao leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; Oita Pref., Kusu-gun, Kokonoemachi, Chojyabaru ; 33°7′6.773″ N, 131°13′49.331″ E; 1050 m a.s.l.; 13 Aug. 2010; Y. Murao leg.; ELKU; 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 15 May 2011; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 12 Aug. 2011; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 8 ♀♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Minamiasomura, near Kusasenri; 30 Jul. 2009; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-shi, Aso-machi, Matoishi wilderness ; 32°55′46.305″ N, 130°58′11.555″ E; 14 Aug. 2010; Y. Murao leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 5 Aug. 2013; Y. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Minamiaso-mura, Asosannishi-eki ; 30 Jul. 2009; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso- gun, Nishihara-mura, near Mt Tawara; 30 Jul. 2009; R. Murao leg.; ELKU . – Ryukyus • 1 ♀; Kagoshima Pref., Yaku-shima Is. , Onoaida ; 40–200 m a.s.l.; 27 May 1982; S. Ikudome leg.; KWC .

Non-type material

JAPAN – Hokkaido • 1 ♀; Hamakoshimizu ; 27 May 1966; MNHA • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 28 May 1966; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Jun. 1966; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 8 Jul. 1966; K. Yamauchi leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 29 Sep. 1966; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 20 Jun. 1967; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 9 Aug. 1967; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Asahikawa, Inosawa ; 10 Jun. 1969; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Yukomanbetsu ; 9 Jul. 1968; MNHAH • 4 ♀♀; Ahosoro ; 12 Jun. 2010; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Ashoro-cho, Ashoro ; 43°20′0″ N, 143°40′0″ E; 29 Jun. 2013; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 2 Jul. 2013; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Honbetsu-cho, Hobetsu ; 43°10′0″ N, 143°35′0″ E; 1 Jul. 2013; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU. – Honshu • 1 ♀; Aomori Pref., Namioka, Mt Bonzyu ; 29 May 1983; M. Yamada leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 1 Aug. 1983; M. Yamada leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; Miyagi Pref., Rifu-cho ; 24 May 1980; K. Gôukon leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; Ibaraki Pref., Mt Gozen-yama ; 30 Jul. 1976; M. Kitsukawa leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Shizuoka Pref., Ito-shi, Mt Omuro ; 4 May 2005; K. Gôukon leg.; cGou • 2 ♀♀; Kyoto Pref., Botanical Garden, Kyoto Univ. ; 3 Jun. 1986; T. Inoue leg.; MNHAH • 4 ♀♀; Hyogo Pref., Kita-ku , Ikuno-Doujyo-cho ; 4 May 2008; R. Murao leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Shimane Pref., Mt Sanbe ; 5 May 1992; T. Yamaguchi leg.; SULE • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 22 May 1992; T. Yamaguchi leg.; SULE • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 23 Aug. 1992; T. Yamaguchi leg.; SULE • 1 ♀; Shimane Pref., Campus of Shimane Univ. ; 16 Jul. 1993; Y. Okajima leg.; SULE. – Kyushu • 1 ♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Choyo-son, Setaura ; 30 Apr. 1986; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 4 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 8 May 1986; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 30 Jun. 1986; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Jul. 1986; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 13 Sep. 1986; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Apr. 1987; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 8 Jul. 1987; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 23 Jul. 1987; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 16 Nov. 1987; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 30 Apr. 1988; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 23 May 1988; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 13 Jun. 1988; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Jul. 1988; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 12 Aug. 1988; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 6 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 17 Apr. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Apr. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 5 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 8 May 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 7 Jun. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 8 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 19 Jun. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 29 Jun. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 6 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Jul. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 14 Jul. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 19 Jul. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Aug. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 25 Sep. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Oct. 1989; M. Iwata leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Nishihara-mura ; 22 Apr. 2000; M. Murase leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 29 May 2000; R. Murao leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 12 May 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 20 May 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 29 May 2000; M. Murase leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Jul. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 14 Jun. 2000; R. Murao leg.; AETU • 13 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 26 Jun. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 17 Jul. 2000; R. Murao leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 8 Sep. 2000; M. Murase leg.; AETU • 14 ♀♀; Kumamoto Pref., Kikuchi-gun, Kikuyo-machi ; 22 Apr. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 4 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 29 Apr. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 13 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 12 May 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 23 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 20 May 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 26 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 29 May 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 19 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Jun. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 24 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 14 Jun. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 26 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 26 Jun. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 17 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Jul. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 13 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 17 Jul. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 10 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 26 Jul. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 9 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 4 Aug. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 15 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 16 Aug. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 28 Aug. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 7 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 8 Sep. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 6 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 19. Sep. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 5 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 1 Oct. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 11 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 10 Oct. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 19 Oct. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Oct. 2000; M. Murase leg.; AETU • 6 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Nov. 2000; R. Murao and M. Murase leg.; AETU • 3 ♀♀; Nagasaki Pref., Tsushima Is. , Izuhara, Yora-Naiin ; 13 May 2010; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Nagasaki Pref., Tsushima Os. , Izuhara, Konoda-Aren ; 14 May 2010; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU .

Description

Female

MEASUREMENTS (n =5, unit mm). BL =4.75–5.00 (4.88 ± 0.13), WL= 3.88–4.50 (4.25 ± 0.25), HL=1.42– 1.48 (1.45 ±0.03),HW= 1.35–1.45(1.41 ± 0.04),IOD =0.26 (0.26± 0.00),OOD= 0.26–0.27(0.26 ± 0.01), OCD =0.16 (0.16± 0.00), UOD=0.87–0.94 (0.90± 0.02), MOD =1.03–1.06 (1.04± 0.03), LOD =0.68– 0.77 (0.74± 0.04), IAD =0.13–0.15 (0.14± 0.01), AOD= 0.21–0.27 (0.25 ± 0.02), CAL=0.24–0.27 (0.26 ± 0.01), CPL =0.27–0.32 (0.29± 0.02), EL=1.55–1.70 (1.62± 0.06), EW=0.35–0.42 (0.39± 0.03), GW =0.23–0.32 (0.27 ± 0.04), SPL=0.55–0.60 (0.57 ± 0.02), F1L= 0.08 (0.08± 0.00), F2L=0.08 (0.08 ± 0.00), F3L =0.08 (0.08± 0.00), F2W=0.11–0.13 (0.12 ± 0.01), MsW=1.55–1.80 (1.67± 0.10), SCL = 0.35–0.38 (0.37 ±0.01), MNL=0.18–0.23 (0.20 ± 0.02), MPL=0.28 (0.28 ± 0.00), MtW=1.65– 1.85 (1.74± 0.08).

COLORATION. Body black except for the following parts: mandible reddish brown apically; F4–F10 brown (holotype) or yellowish brown ventrally; tegula yellowish brown translucent; tibial spur yellow; metasomal terga broadly yellowish brown translucent apically. Wings transparent, veins and stigma brown.

PUBESCENCE. Body hairs whitish, and covered with erect and sparse straight or fine branched hairs except for the following parts: pronotal dorsum to lobe and metanotum moderately densely tomentose; hind trochanter, femur, and tibia mixed with plumose hairs, forming scopa. Disc of T1 with sparse short hairs on medial area. Discs of T2–T4 with moderately dense short hairs over entire surface.

STRUCTURE AND SCULPTURE HEAD. Nearly as long as wide; HW:HL=1:1.03. Vertex rounded in frontal view. MOD:UOD:LOD =1:0.87:0.71. IOD:OOD:OCD =1:1.03:0.63. IAD:AOD =1:1.83. Ocellocular area densely puctate, IS nearly smooth (IS =0.5–2 d). Paraocular area and frons weakly shiny, with shallow reticulate PP. Supraclypeal area slightly convex, weakly shiny, with dense PP; IS weakly tessellate (IS =0.5–2 d). CPL:CAL=1:0.89. Clypeus nearly flat, with reticulate PP on upper half and larger shallow PP on lower half; IS nearly smooth over entire surface (IS =0.5–1 d on lower area). EW:GW =1:0.70. Genal area to postgena with weak straight ridges. Malar space linear. Occiput not

carinate. Hypostomal carinae nearly parallel. Mandible bidentate. Labrum ( Fig. 10D ): basal area approximately 1.9 × as wide as long; distal process approximately 0.6× as long as basal area, tonguelike, and without lateral projection; distal keel pointed apically. Antenna short, not reaching metasoma. F2L:F2W=1:1.44; flagellum nearly flattened ventrally.

THORAX. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum obtuse; lateral surface without ridges; lateral lobe rounded. Tegula ovoid, nearly smooth. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 10E ) with dense PP over entire surface; IS distinctly tessellate on anterior half, and weakly tessellate on posterior half (but nearly smooth on posterior margin) (IS =0.5–2 d); parapsidal line a narrow groove. Mesoscutellum with moderately dense PP over entire surface; IS nearly smooth (holotype and some paratypes) or weakly tessellate (two paratypes) over entire surface (IS =0.5–3 d). Metanotum weakly rugulose. Mesepisternum reticulate-punctate over entire surface. SCL:MNL:MPL=1:0.55:0.75. Propodeum: metapostnotum ( Fig. 10F ) dimly shiny and gently inclined, with straight ridges occupying anterior ⅔ (holotype and some paratypes) or on anterior half, with coarse tessellation on posterior ⅓ or half; junction between metapostnotum and posterior surface not carinate, coarsely tessellate; lateral surface weakly rugulae and coarsely tessellate; posterior surface with lateral carina on lower half, without oblique carina. Coxae normal shape, without tubercle. Fore trochanter narrow, longer than wide. Basitibial plate of hind leg carinate marginally. Inner hind tibial spur pectinate, with 2–3 teeth as in Fig. 20F (n=10). Fore wing with three submarginal cells.

ABDOMEN. Disc of T1 with weak lineolation on basal and apical areas (not overlapping in puncture zone on medial area) ( Fig. 16A ), and with sparse fine PP on medial area. Disc of T2 with weak lineolation on basal and apical area, and without lineolation on medial area. T3–T4 weakly lineolate over entire surface.

Male

MEASUREMENTS (n=5, unit mm). BL =3.62–4.54 (4.32 ± 0.43), WL= 3.08–3.77 (3.58 ± 0.27), HL=1.20– 1.38 (1.32 ±0.07), HW= 1.20–1.40 (1.32± 0.07), IOD =0.20–0.24 (0.23 ± 0.02), OOD=0.24–0.29 (0.27 ± 0.01), OCD= 0.16–0.20 (0.17± 0.02), UOD= 0.82–0.91 (0.88± 0.03), MOD =0.84–0.98 (0.93 ± 0.05), LOD =0.58–0.67 (0.63 ±0.04), IAD =0.13–0.20 (0.16 ± 0.02), AOD=0.18–0.22 (0.21± 0.02), CAL =0.20–0.27 (0.23± 0.02), CPL=0.27–0.33 (0.30 ±0.02), EL=0.87–0.98 (0.95± 0.04), EW =0.38–0.44 (0.42 ± 0.02), GW=0.24–0.33 (0.28 ± 0.03), SPL=0.36–0.42 (0.39 ± 0.02), F1L=0.09– 0.13 (0.11 ±0.01), F2L=0.13–0.16 (0.15 ± 0.01), F3L= 0.13–0.16 (0.15± 0.01), F2W=0.11–0.13 (0.12 ± 0.01), MsW =1.16–1.32 (1.26± 0.06), SCL= 0.29–0.33 (0.32± 0.02), MNL=0.16 (0.16 ± 0.00), MPL =0.20–0.22 (0.21 ±0.01), MtW=1.03–1.26 (1.17 ± 0.08).

COLORATION. Body black except for the following parts: lower half of clypeus yellow; mandible yellow except for apically reddish; labrum yellow; F1 yellowish brown or brown ventrally; pronotal lobe yellowish brown; tegula yellow translucent; tibiae basally and apically yellow; tibial spur yellow; tarsi yellow; metasomal terga broadly yellowish brown translucent apically. Wings transparent, veins and stigma pale brown.

PUBESCENCE. Body hairs whitish, and covered with erect and sparse straight or fine branched hairs except for the following parts: paraocular area, pronotal dorsum to lobe thinly tomentose. Metasomal terga with sparse, simple and short hairs over entire surface.

STRUCTURE AND SCULPTURE HEAD. Nearly as long as wide; HW:HL=1:1.00. Vertex rounded in frontal view. MOD:UOD:LOD =1:0.94:0.68. IOD:OOD:OCD =1:0.94:0.68. IAD:AOD =1:1.43. Ocellocular area with dense PP, IS nearly smooth (IS =0.5–2 d). Paraocular area and frons weakly shiny, with shallow reticulate PP. Supraclypeal area and clepeus nearly flat, weakly shiny, with moderately dense PP; IS smooth (IS =0.5–4 d). CPL:CAL=1:0.76. EW:GW =1:0.67. Genal area with weak straight ridges. Malar space linear. Occiput not carinate. Hypostomal carinae nearly parallel. Postgena longitudinal

lineolate. Mandible edentate. Antenna short, not reaching metasoma. F2L:F2W= 1:0.76; flagellum nearly flattened ventrally.

THORAX. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum obtuse; lateral surface without ridges; lateral lobe rounded. Tegula ovoid, nearly smooth. Mesoscutum with dense PP over entire surface; IS smooth except for anteriorly weakly tessellate (IS= 0.5–2 d); parapsidal line a narrow groove. Mesoscutellum with moderately dense PP over entire surface; IS smooth (IS =0.5–4 d). Metanotum weakly rugulose. Mesepisternum with dense PP over entire surface; IS smooth (IS= 0.5–1d). SCL:MNL:MPL=1:0.49:0.68. Propodeum: metapostnotum shiny and gently inclined, with short straight ridges occupying anterior half or anterior ⅔, weakly tessellate or nearly smooth on posterior half or posterior ⅓; junction between metapostnotum and posterior surface not carinate, weakly tessellate or nearly smooth; lateral surface weakly rugulose and distinctly tessellated; posterior surface with lateral carina on lower half, without oblique carina. Coxae normal shape, without tubercle. Fore trochanter narrow, longer than wide. Basitibial plate of hind leg weakly carinate marginally. Inner hind tibial spur serrate. Fore wing with three submarginal cells.

ABDOMEN. Disc of T1 without distinct PP and tessellation. Disc of T2–T4 with moderately dense fine PP, T2 without lineolation, T3–T4 with weak lineolation on apical margin. S7 with moderately long, apically rounded median process.

GENITALIA. Gonobase flat at bottom; gonocoxite smooth; ventral retrorse lobe tongue-like, moderately long but not reaching gonobase, with sparse short hairs ventrally.

Variation

Disc of T1 lineolate only on basal area ( Fig. 16B ) in the specimens (not type series) collected from Hokkaido (northern Japan).

Distribution

Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Izu-shotô Islands, Tsu-shima Is., northern Ryukyus). Records of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) pallilomum (Strand, 1914) from the nearby continent, such as the Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, and China ( Ebmer 1978 a, 1996, 2006), may correspond to this new species.

Flight period

Female: April to Novemver.

Males are collected from June to August based on 46 male specimens in the late Dr Sakagami’s collection (MNHAH). These specimens were collected from the nest of this species (identified as L. (H.) pallilomum (Strand, 1914)) .

Flower records

The specimens examined in this paper were collected on the flowers of 61 species in 30 families as follows. Acanthaceae : Justicia hayatae Yamam. Amaranthaceae : Achyranthes bidentata Blume var. japonica Miq. Apiaceae : Coelopleurum gmelinii (DC.) Ledeb. Asparagaceae : Barnardia japonica (Thunb.) Schult. & Schult. f. Asteraceae : Achillea alpina L. subsp. japonica (Heimerl) Kitam. ; Aster iinumae Kitam. ; Crepidiastrum denticulatum (Houtt.) J.H.Pak & Kawano ; Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.; Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. ; Ixeridium dentatum (Thunb.) Tzvelev subsp. dentatum ; Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray ; Lactuca indica L.; Picris hieracioides L. subsp. japonica (Thunb.) Krylov ; Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Brassicaceae : Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera DC. ; Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern. Campanulaceae : Lobelia chinensis Lour. ; Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Caprifoliaceae : Lonicera japonica Thunb. Commelinaceae : Commelina communis L. Convolvulaceae : Ipomoea lacunosa L. Cucurbitaceae : Cucurbita sp. Elaeagnaceae : Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. umbellate . Elatinaceae : Stellaria sp. Fabaceae : Astragalus sinicus L.; Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi ; Trifolium dubium Sibth. Gentianaceae : Gentiana zollingeri Fawc. Geraniaceae : Geranium carolinianum L. Lamiaceae : Clinopodium gracile (Benth.) Kuntze ; Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudô ; Lamium amplexicaule L.; Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica (Nakai) H.Hara. Mazaceae : Mazus pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis. Oleaceae : Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Oxalidaceae : Oxalis corniculata L.; Oxalis debilis Kunth subsp. corymbosa (DC.) Lourteig. Plantaginaceae : Veronica persica Poir. Polygonaceae : Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. var. japonica ; Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag. Portulaceae : Portulaca oleracea L. Primulaceae : Lysimachia clethroides Duby. Ranunculaceae : Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. ; Ranunculus silerifolius H.Lév. var. glaber (H.Boissieu) Tamura. Rosaceae : Malus pumila Mill. ; Potentilla anemonifolia Lehm. ; Potentilla fragarioides L. var. major Maxim. ; Potentilla hebiichigo Yonek. & H.Ohashi ; Rosa luciae Rochebr. et Franch. ex Crèp. ; Rosa onoei Makino var. hakonensis (Franch. & Sav.) H.Ohba ; Rosa rugosa Thunb. ; Rubus buergeri Miq. ; Rubus hirsutus Thunb. ; Rubus palmatus Thunb. var. palmatus ; Rubus parvifolius L. Rubiaceae : Paederia foetida L. Rutaceae : Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. Solanaceae : Lycium chinense Mill. ; Solanum nigrum L. Vitaceae : Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. heterophylla (Thunb.) Momiy. ; Vitis ficifolia Bunge.

Habitat

This species has been collected from various environments such as cultivated or urban areas in the lowlands, seaside, mountain areas, and semi-natural grassland. The type locality is shown in Fig. 19B .

Comments

In Japan, this species has been identified as L. (H.) pallilomum (Strand, 1914) , which might be endemic to Taiwan.

Figures

Fig. 10. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) spectrum sp. nov. A. ♀, lateral habitus. B. ♀, head in frontal view. C. ♂, head in frontal view. D. ♀, labrum. E. ♀, mesoscutum. F. ♀, metapostnotum. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C, E–F = 0.5 mm; D = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 16. 1st metasomal tergum, ♀. A–B. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) spectrum sp. nov. C. L. (H.) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925). D. L. (H.) sphecodicolor Sakagami & Tadauchi, 1995. E. L. (H.) subsimplicior sp. nov. F. L. (H.) taeniolellum (Vachal, 1903). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 17. Distribution maps. A. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) frigidum Sakagami & Ebmer, 1996. B. L. (H.) kiautschouense (Strand, 1910). C. L. (H.) ohei Hirashima & Sakagami, 1966. D. L. (H.) simplicior (Cockerell, 1931). E. L. (H.) spectrum sp. nov. F. L. (H.) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925).

Fig. 19. Habitat in Japan. A. Chojyabaru, Kokonoe-machi, Kusu-gun, Oita Pref., Kyushu, Japan. B. Kyushu Univ., Hikosan Exp. St., Soeda-machi, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. C. Kyushu Univ., Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu Japan. D. Nigino-hama, Itoshima-shi, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan.

Fig. 20. Female inner hind tibial spur. A. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) frigidum Sakagami & Ebmer, 1996. B. L. (H.) ikudomei sp. nov. C. L. (H.) kiautschouense (Strand, 1910). D. L. (H.) ohei Hirashima & Sakagami, 1966. E. L. (H.) smilodon Ebmer & Sakagami, 1994. F. L. (H.) spectrum sp. nov. G. L. (H.) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925). H. L. (H.) sphecodicolor Sakagami & Tadauchi, 1995. I. L. (H.) taeniolellum (Vachal, 1903). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.