Parodia Spegazzini (1923:70)

Oliveira, Anabela Silveira De, Pontes, Rodrigo Corrêa, Robaina, Luis Eduardo De Souza & Trentin, Romário, 2022, The Cactaceae family in the Santa Maria river basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), Phytotaxa 542 (2), pp. 153-166 : 161-162

7. Parodia Spegazzini (1923:70)

Type (designated by F. A. C. Weber 1896: 469):— Parodia microsperma Spegazzini (1923: 70) ≡ Echinocactus microspermus F.A.C. Weber (1896: 469) .

Species richness:— Parodia comprises approximately 82 species, in Rio Grande do Sul 32 species are cited ( Hunt et al. 2006, Anceschi & Magli 2018).

General distribution:— Geographic distribution in the South American Pampas region in the western Andes and western Bolivia ( Anceschi & Magli 2018).

Distribution in Santa Maria river basin:— In SMRB the species occurs more frequently in rocky outcrops and is associated with saxicolous vegetation. Eleven species belonging to Parodia were found: P. arnostiana ( Lisal & Kolarik 1986: 8) Hofacker (1988: 11) , ( Fig. 3B ), P. concinna (Monville 1839: 222) N.P. Taylor (1987: 93) , P. curvispina (F. Ritter 1979: 189) D.R. Hunt (1997: 6) , P. glaucina (F. Ritter 1979: 168) Hofacker & M.Machado (2012: 44) , P. herteri (Werdermann 1936: 143) N.P. Taylor (1987: 93) ( Fig 3C ), P. linkii (Lehmann 1827: 16) Kiesling (1995: 22) ( Fig. 3D ), P. mammulosa ( Lemaire 1838: 40) N.P. Taylor (1987: 93) , ( Fig. 2E ), P. mueller-melchersii (Backeberg 1935: 254, 415) N.P. Taylor 1987: 3), P. nothorauschii Hunt (1997: 6) ( Fig. 3F ), P. ottonis (Lehmann 1827: 16) Taylor (1987: 93) ( Fig. 3G ), P. permutata (F. Ritter 1979: 188) Hofacker (1998: 12) , P. ritteriana ( Lisal & Kolarik 1986: 5) A.S.Oliveira & R.Pontes , comb. nov. (see below; Fig. 2H ) and P. tenuicylindrica (F. Ritter 1970: 108) Hunt (1997:6) ( Fig. 3I ).

Morphologic notes:— This latter genus is characterized by its globose to cylindrical body of more than 4 cm in diameter, with tubercular or not ribs, with generally yellow bell-shaped flowers, less often pink or purple, with globular to cylindrical, woolly fruits. October and ends in February, depending on the species, getting right after.

Notes on Notocactus ritterianus Lisal & Kolarik (1986: 5) : —It is little known and amentioned for Rio Grande do Sul, being attributed by some authors (see e.g., Hunt 2006: 359 and Anderson 2013: 546) as synomym of Parodia mammulosa . In 2018, locations in the municipality of Lavras do Sul were investigated, where flowers could be observed. At one of these sites, the taxon was found being sympatric with a form of P. mammulosa (Lemaire) N.P.Taylor , P. arnostiana ( Lisal & Kolarik 1986: 8) Hofacker , P. curvispina (F. Ritter 1979: 189) D. R. Hunt , Wigginsia sellowii ( Link & Otto 1827: 425) F. Ritter , W. langsdorffii (Lehmann 1826: 17) D.M. Porter (1964: 211) Gymnocalycium denudatum (Link & Otto 1828: 9) Pfeiffer ex Mittler , Frailea mammifera Buining & Brederoo (1972: 106) , and Cereus hildmannianus K.Schumann (1890: 202) .

Even though Notocactus ritterianus and Parodia mammulosa inhabit the same area, no hybrid was found by us (see also Hunt et al. 2006). According to the current recognition ( Anceschi & Magli 2018, Hofacker et al., 2020), the genus Notocactus (K. Schumann 1898: 292) Fric (1928: 3) is usually assigned to the genus Parodia and a new combination is proposed below:

Figures

FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira.

FIGURE 3. A) Opuntia megapotamica (orange flowers). B) Parodia arnostiana (yellow flowers). C) P. herteri (pink flowers). D) P. linkii (yellow flower). E) P. mammulosa (yellow flower). F) P. nothorauschii. G) P. ottonis(flores yellow flower). H) P. ritteriana(yellow flower). I) P. tenuycilindrica. J) Wigginsiasellowii (yellow flower). K) W. langsdorffii (pale-yellow flower). L) W. turbinata (yellow flower). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira.