Cephaloleia fenestrata Weise, 1910

Staines, Charles L. & Garcia-Robledo, Carlos, 2014, The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae), ZooKeys 436, pp. 1-355 : 139-140

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae

Cephaloleia fenestrata Weise, 1910 Fig. 139

Cephalolia fenestrata Weise 1910: 86. Weise 1911a: 8 (catalog), 1911b: 10 (catalog).

Cephaloleia fenestrata Weise. Blackwelder 1946: 719 (catalog); Papp 1953: 16 (catalog); Uhmann 1957a: 19 (catalog); Wilcox 1983: 137 (catalog); Staines 1996: 33 (Central America species), 2004: 312 (host plants), 2011: 49 (faunal list); Johnson 2004a: 353 (biology), 2004b: 2037 (biology), 2005: 3088 (biology); Johnson and Horvitz 2005: 1185 (biology); McKenna and Farrell 2005: 119 (phylogeny), 2006: 10949 (phylogeny); Chaboo 2007: 44 (noted); García–Robledo and Horvitz 2009: 116 (host plants); García–Robledo et al. 2010: 64 (noted), 2013a: 3 (biology).

Cephalolia quadrimaculata Uhmann 1930a: 220 (Holotype: Costa Rica, F. Nevermann, 20-V-24 [green label]/ Hamburg Farm, Reventazon, Ebene Limon [reversed green label]/ Holotype [red label]/ Cephalolia quadrimaculata sp. n. [female]/ Cotype No. 54639 USNM [orange label], USNM).

Cephaloleia quadrimaculata Uhmann. Blackwelder 1946: 719 (catalog); Papp 1953: 21 (catalog); Uhmann 1957a: 24 (catalog); Gaedike and Döbler 1971: 358 (types); Wilcox 1983: 137 (catalog); Staines 1996: 33 (synonymy), 1997: 414 (Uhmann species list); Staines and Staines 1997: 18 (types).

Cephaloleia sp. Strong 1977a: 163. Staines 2004: 312 (identification).

Description.

Elongate; subparallel; subdepressed; head, pronotum, scutellum, legs, and antennomeres 1-2 red; antennomeres 3-11 red or black; elytra with black sutural vitta from puncture rows 1 to 4 and lateral vitta which narrows from base to apex and six reddish maculae. Head: vertex very finely punctate, medial sulcus present; frons with white setae, not projecting; not depressed between eyes. Antenna: reaches to humerus; slender; antennomere 1 elongate, as long as 2-4 combined; 2-4 transverse, short, 3-4 with projection on inner margin; 5-10 elongate, subequal in length, each shorter than 4; 11 2 × length of 10, pointed at apex; 1-2 punctate with scattered setae; 3-11 setose. Pronotum: transverse; lateral margin straight then rounding to anterior angle, margined; anterior angle rounded, produced; posterior angle oblique; anterior margin emarginate behind head; disc flattened; surface sparsely punctate laterally, impunctate medially; deep sulcus along lateral margin; basal impression absent; pronotal length 1.3-1.4 mm; pronotal width 1.9-2.0 mm. Scutellum: triangular; pointed at apex; alutaceous. Elytron: lateral margin straight, smooth, broadly margined; apex rounded; sutural angle without tooth; humerus rounded, not produced; slightly constricted behind humerus; disc flat; moderately punctate-striate; declivity beginning just behind humerus along puncture row 7 with weak carina; rows confused near apex; elytral length 4.6-5.6 mm; elytral width 2.0-2.6 mm. Venter: pro-, meso-, and metasterna impunctate; abdominal sterna punctate, each puncture with pale seta; suture between sterna 1 and 2 obsolete medially; last sternite with apical margin weakly emarginate medially in male, truncate in female. Leg: large; impunctate; femur, especially profemur, robust; tibia with fringe of setae on inner margin of apex. Total length: 6.4-8.0mm.

Diagnosis.

This species is similar to Cephaloleia histrionica and Cephaloleia reventazonica . It can be distinguished by the suture between abdominal sterna 1 and 2 being obsolete medially.

Host plant.

Adults have been collected on Ischnosiphon sp. ( Staines 1996); Ischnosiphon cerotus Leos. ( Strong 1977a), Pleiostachya pruinosa (W. Bull. ex. Regel) K. Schum. ( Johnson 2004a) ( Marantaceae ).

Immatures.

Eggs are yellow, oval, about 2 mm in length. Pupa is yellowish with two maroon series of dots in lateral rows on the dorsum ( Johnson 2004a).

Biology.

Adults feed primarily in young rolled-leaves while larvae feed in the concavity of leaf petioles. Eggs are laid singly, in pairs, or in clusters of up to eight in leaf petioles, are covered with a frass-like material, and hatch in 7-13 days. Larval development requires 94 days and there are two larval instars. Pupae are formed in leaf petioles and the pupal period is 30 days. Adults live an average of six weeks and disperse immediately after eclosion; males live longer than females. One generation is completed in six months ( Johnson 2004a).

Distribution.

Costa Rica, Panama.

Type material examined.

Holotype: 28091/ Costarica [green label]/ Wagner [green label]/ fenestrata n. [green label]/ J. Weise det./ 14/ Type [red label]/ Zool. Mus. Berlin/ Cephalolia fenestrata m (ZMHB).

Specimens examined.

COSTA RICA: Cartago- ITCA at Turrialba, 13 March 1965 (BYUC); CATIE, 3 km SW Turrialba, 600 m, 29-30 May 1985 (EMEC). Guanacaste- Río Higuerón, 6 mi W Cañas, 8 February 1969, 19 June 1969 (USNM). Heredia- Est. Biol. La Selva, 50 m, 31 March 1990 (INBIO). Limón- Hamburg Farm, Reventazón, 2 May 1924 (USNM), 31 March 1990 (MUCR); Hamburg Farm, Reventazón, Ebene Limón, 2 May 1924 (DEI). Puntarenas- Barranca site, 10 km N Puntarenas, 4 July 1969, 11 September 1969 (USNM); Corcovado Estacida S. Pedrillo, 20 March 1992 (INBIO); Golfito, 3 July 1976 (EMEC); Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Peninsula de Osa, September 1992 (INBIO); Aguirre, Quepos, P. N. Manuel Antonio, 0-100 m (INBIO); Estación Esquinas, Peninsula de Osa, 0-100 m (INBIO). PANAMA: Chiriquí- + 10 mi. N. Concepción, 31 June 1977 (CMNC). Total: 57.