Zelotes fulvaster ( Simon, 1878 )

Senglet, Antoine, 2011, New species in the zelotes tenuis-group and new or little known species in other zelotes groups (gnaphosidae, araneae), Revue suisse de Zoologie 118 (3), pp. 513-559 : 522-527

Zelotes fulvaster ( Simon, 1878) Figs 32-39, 75

Prosthesima fulvastra Simon, 1878: 96 , pl. 14, fig. 30 (description of ♀).

Zelotes fulvaster . – Simon, 1914: 168, 219, fig. 345 (description of ♀). – Jézéquel, 1962: 603, fig. 26 (description of ♀).

Zelotes tenuis . – Deltshev, 2004: 72, figs 9-10 (misidentification).

TYPE MATERIAL: Muséum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris, collection Simon, jar 568, no. 1748, 1 ♀ deprived of epigynum and 1 slide PM 52, presumably from Porto Vechio, Corse ( Simon, 1878: 96 and Jézéquel, 1962: 603).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: GREECE, Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Aghios Vassilios , 40°40'N 23°07'E; 1 ♀ (last moult 25.07.1998); 14.06.1998 . – Thessaloniki, West of Aghios Vassilios (vegetation), 40°41'N 23°05'E; 2 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (last moults of Ƌ 25 and 27.06, of ♀ 27.06.2008); 31.05.2008 . – Thessaloniki, East of Apollonia (under stones), 40°37'N 23°32'E; 1 Ƌ; 01.06.2008 . – Sterea Hellas, Phthiotidas, Theologos ( Glyphada ), 38°39'N 23°14'E; 2 ♀ (with vulva in microvial); 20.06.1970 . – Phthiotidas, Near Malesina , 38°37'N 23°13'E; 1 Ƌ (last moult 09.06.1998); 21.05.1998 . – Same ; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (last moult of ♀ 12.06.2008); 08.06.2008 . – Phthiotidas, north of Malesina , 38°38'N 23°14'E; 1 ♀; 19.06.2008 . – Eubea, Theologos , 38°29'N 23°47'E; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (last moult of ♀ 28.06.2008); 11.06.2008 . – Peloponnesos, Argolida, Palaia Epidauros , 37°39'N 23°09'E; 1 ♀ (last moult 29.07.1998); 14.05.1998 . – Cyclades, Naxos, north of Aghios Prokopios (under vegetation), 37°05'N 25°21'E; 2 Ƌ (with palpus in microvial), 1 ♀ (last moults of Ƌ 14. And 18.06, of ♀ 24.07.1998); 06.06.1998 . – Cyclades, Naxos, Kato Potamia , 37°06'N 25°26'E; 1 ♀ (last moult 25.06.1998); 10.06.1998 . IRAN, Esfahan, Falávarián , 32°34'N 51°31'E; 1 Ƌ; 14.06.1974 . – Fars, Khohkiluyeh, Arow , 30°35'N 50°43'E; 1 Ƌ, 2 ♀ (with palpus and vulva in microvial); 24.05.1974 . – Khohkiluyeh, Basht , 30°20'N 51°15'E; 2 ♀; 25.05.1974 . – Khohkiluyeh, Bishápour , 29°47'N 51°35'E; 1 Ƌ; 28.05.1974 . – Khohkiluyeh, Aliábád , 30°01'N 53°00'E; 1 ♀; 09.06.1974 .

DESCRIPTION: Prosoma tawny, with faint blackish marking. Opisthosoma dorsally blackish, ventrally grey, covered with medium-long dark hairs. Legs tawny. Iranian specimens entirely tawny. – Ƌ from Naxos (in parentheses from Arow, Iran): Total length 4.75. Prosoma 1.86 (2.00) long, 1.40 (1.46) wide, 0.70 (0.80) wide at level of posterior eyes. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06 (0.07), ALE 0.10 (0.11), PME 0.11, PLE 0.07 (0.86); AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.01, PME- PLE 0.02, ALE-PLE 0.04. MOQ length 0.24, front width 0.34, back width 0.41. Pedipalp (Figs 32-36): Tibia and patella dorsally of same length. Width of pedipalpal tibia and length of retrolateral apophysis about equal to dorsal length of tibia (cf. Fig. 28). Median apophysis with a large rounded concave retrolateral flap. Small hookshaped, retrolaterally directed apical projection present on apical margin of embolar base (Figs 33-34). Hook separated from the short embolus by a concave ventral margin of embolar base. Retrolateral tibial apophysis dorsally arched. Scutum occupying 30% of opisthosoma length. Leg spination: Metatarsus I v000; some large Iranian specimens with additional retrolateral spines on metatarsi III & IV. – ♀ from Naxos: Total length 5.20. Prosoma 2.25 long, 1.75 wide, 0.91 wide at level of posterior eyes. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.04, AME- ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.03, PME-PLE 0.04, ALE-PLE 0.04. MOQ length 0.30, front width 0.42, back width 0.47. Epigynum (Figs 37, 75): Side of epigynal fold almost straight, making an acute posterior bend. Posterior part of epigynal pouch strongly FIGS 32-39

Zelotes fulvaster . (32-36) Left male palp. (32) Prolateral view. (33) Ventral view. (34) Id., Iranian specimen. (35) Retrolateral view. (36) Apical view. (37) Epigynum. (38) Vulva, dorsal view. (39) Id., Type " PM52 " in MNHN Paris. Bold lines indicate epigynal folds. Scale lines 0.2 mm .

widened. Vulva (Figs 38-39): Lateral pouch widened, dorsally with a cuticular fold along its posterior margin, this fold sometimes visible on epigynum as an oblique darker line. Leg spination: Metatarsus I v000.

Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866) Figs 40-49, 72 Drassus tenuis L. Koch, 1866: 101 , pl. 4, figs 65-66 (description of Ƌ).

Zelotes tenuis . – Platnick, 1989: 489 (new combination). – Levy, 1998: 131, figs 78-81. Prosthesima fusco-testacea Simon, 1878: 97 , pl. 14, fig. 31 (description of ♀) syn. n.

Zelotes fuscotestaceus . – Simon, 1914: 168, 218, fig. 344 (description of ♀). – Denis, 1952: 123, fig. 19. – Jézéquel, 1962: 604, fig. 30.

Prosthesima circumspecta Simon, 1878: 94 , pl. 14, fig. 26 (description of Ƌ and ♀). – Chyzer & Kulczynski, 1897: 205, pl. 8, figs 2, 20.

Zelotescircumspectus. – Simon, 1914: 157, 168, 219, figs 295-296, 342-343. – Denis,1952: 123, fig. 20. – Jézéquel, 1962: 604, fig. 27.

Prosthesima pallida O. P. -Cambridge, 1874: 383, pl. 51, fig. 11 (description of Ƌ and ♀).

Zelotes pallidus . – Platnick & Shadab, 1983: 185, figs 259-262 (description of Ƌ and ♀).

MATERIALEXAMINED: GREECE, Macedonia, Thessaloniki, AghiosVassilios, 40°40'N 23°07'E; 1 Ƌ, 3 ♀ (lastmoultsof ♀ 18-27.06.1998); 14.06.1998. – Thessalia, Larissa, Omólion- Tempé , 39°53'N 22°37'E ; 1 ♀; 17.06.1970. – StereaHellas, Phthiotidas, Theologos ( Glyphada ), 38°39'N 23°14'E ; 1 ♀; 20.06.1970. – Same ; 1 ♀ (lastmoult 18.06.2005); 04.06.1978. – Westof Malesina , 38°37'N 23°13'E ; 1 Ƌ; 25.09.2004. – Same ; 1 ♀ (lastmoult 12.06.2008); 08.06.2008. – SPAIN, Catalonia, Barcelona, Gelida , 41°27'N 01°51'E ; 1 Ƌ (withdarkeropisthosoma, 1 juv.); 14.06.1971. – Levant / Murcia, Valencia, LaAlbufera , 39°21'N 00°19'W ; 2 Ƌ; 16.06.1971. – Montroy , 39°20'N 00°35'W ; 1 ♀; 22.06.1971. – Alicante, Elche (underpalmgrove), 38°17'N 00°42'W ; 4 Ƌ, 3 ♀ (lastmoultsof 1 Ƌ 05.06.2002, of ♀ 11-14.06.2002); 15.05.2002. – Elda , 38°30'N 00°47'W ; 2 Ƌ; 19.06.1971. – Murcia, Archena , 38°07'N 01°17'W ; 1 ♀; 30.06.1971. – Same ; 2 Ƌ , 2 ♀ (lastmoultsofƋ 26.05.2002, of ♀ 10 and 21.07.2002); 17.05.2002. – Castilla / Leon, Valladolid , Peñafiel , 41°35'N 04°08'W ; 1 Ƌ; 23.06.2002. – NuevaCastilla / LaMancha, Madrid, Navalcarnero , 40°18'N 03°56'W ; 2 Ƌ; 12.06.1969. – Madrid, AldeadelFresno ( rio Alberche ), 40°19'N 04°13'W ; 1 ♀; 13.06.1969. – Toledo, EscalonadelAlberche , 40°10'N 04°24'W ; 1 Ƌ; 14.06.1969. – Toledo, CardieldelosMontes (rioAlberche), 40°02'N 04°39'W ; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀; 15.06.1969. – Toledo, Urda / Consuegra , 39°25'N 03°42'W ; 2 ♀; 12.08.1969. – Albacete, Hellin , 38°29'N 01°37'W ; 1 Ƌ; 29.06.1971. – Albacete, LaGineta (rioJucar, fineleaf litter), 39°10'N 01°58'W; 6 Ƌ; 16.05.2002. – CiudadReal, Caracuel (laguna), 38°50'N 04°04'W ; 3 ♀; 04.08.1969. – Estremadura, Caceres, Jarandilla (rioTietar, inlitteronsand), 40°01'N 05°37'W ; 1 Ƌ, 4 ♀ (lastmoultof 1 ♀ 03.08.2009); 15.06.2009. – Caceres , westofJarandilla (in litterinvegetation), 40°08'N 05°40'W ; 2 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (lastmoultof ♀ 22.06.2009); 16.06.2009. – Badajoz, southofVentadelCulebrin / Monesterio , 37°58'N 06°14'W ; 1 Ƌ; 19.06.1969. – Badajoz, VentadelCulebrin / Monesterio , 38°01'N 06°13'W ; 11 Ƌ, 1 ♀; 19.06.1969. – Same; 3 Ƌ (last moults of 2 Ƌ, 07 and 25.06.2002); 04.06.2002. – Badajoz, Rio Guadalemar / Garbayuela , 39°03'N 04°59'W ; 2 ♀; 17.08.1969. – Badajoz, RioSillo ( HigueralaReal ), 38°06'N 06°41'W ; 2 Ƌ (lastmoultof 1 Ƌ 11.06.2002); 09.06.2002. – Badajoz, southof Monesterio (under stones in vegetation), 38°03'N 06°14'W ; 10 Ƌ, 5 ♀ (last moults of 3 Ƌ 6-12.06.2010, of 4 ♀ 07. 5-20.06.2010); 05.06.2009. – Andalucia, Almeria, Adra ( LaAlbufera ), 36°45'N 02°57'W ; 2 ♀; 08.07.1971. – Same (cultivateddrypond), 36°46'N 02°58'W; 4 Ƌ, 2 ♀; 25.05.2002. – Granada, LaRábita / Albuñol , 36°45'N 03°10'W ; 3 ♀; 09.07.1971. – Ugijar , 36°59'N 03°04'W ; 1 ♀; 15.07.1971. – Jaen, CañadadelasHazadillas (under Pinus ), 37°39'N 03°43'W ; 3 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (lastmoultsofƋ 03.06.2002, of ♀ 11.07.2002); 30.05.2002. – Cordoba, PalmadelRio; 1 Ƌ; 03.06.1967. – Cordoba , PalmadelRio , 37°43'N 05°18'W ; 4 Ƌ, 3 ♀; 26.06.1969. – Cordoba, AlmodóvardelRio ( Breñadam ), 37°50'N 05°04'W ; 1 ♀; 28.06.1969. – Cordoba, Pantano de la Breña (evergreen oak litter), 37°51'N 05°04'W; 5 Ƌ, 8 ♀ (last moults of 4 Ƌ 2-12.06.2002, of ♀ 02. 6-16.07.2002); 01.06.2002. – Cordoba, AlmodóvardelRio ( Breña dam), 37°50'N 05°04'W ; 1 Ƌ (lastmoultƋ 14.06.2009); 01.06.2009. – Cordoba, Peñarroya , 38°17'N 05°16'W ; 1 Ƌ, 3 ♀ (withvulvainmicrovial); 30.06.1969. – Cordoba, LosVillares / Cordoba ( Eucalyptus litter), 37°58'N 04°49'W ; 1 Ƌ (lastmoult 02.06.2009); 31.05.2009. – Cordoba, PalmadelRio ( Retortillodam , leaflitter), 37°51'N 05°22'W ; 1 Ƌ; 03.06.2009. – Malaga, Ronda , 36°46'N 05°13'W ; 1 ♀; 21.07.1969. – Malaga, Estepona , 36°25'N 05°11'W ; 1 ♀; 25.07.1969. – Malaga, TorredeMar , 36°44'N 04°07'W ; 2 ♀; 27.07.1969. – Malaga, Valle deAbdalagis / Antequera , 36°56'N 04°41'W ; 1 ♀; 28.07.1969. – Sevilla, Lebrija (rio. del Salado); 2 Ƌ; 06.06.1967. – Sevilla, AlcaladelRio , 37°31'N 05°59'W ; 3 ♀; 22.06.1969. – Sevilla, rioViar / Castilblanco , 37°42'N 05°53'W ; 1 ♀; 24.06.1969. – Same , 37°43'N 05°53'W ; 8 Ƌ, 10 ♀ (with palpus and vulva in microvial, last moults of 3 Ƌ 09. 6-9.07.2002, of 6 ♀ 07. 6- 27.07.2002); 02.06.2002. – Sevilla, Cantillana , 37°37'N 05°50'W ; 1 Ƌ; 26.06.1969. – Sevilla, Alanis , 38°02'N 05°11'W ; 1 Ƌ; 01.07.1969. – Sevilla, SanlúcarlaMayor, 37°22'N 06°14'W; FIGS 40-49

Zelotestenuis. (40-44) Leftmalepalp. (40) Greekspecimen, ventralview. (41) Id., retrolateral view. (42) Spanishspecimen, ventralview. (43) Id., retrolateralview. (44) Id., cleared, dorsal view. (45) Greekspecimen, epigynum. (46) Id., vulva, dorsalview. (47) Spanishspecimen, epigynum. (48) Id., vulva, dorsal view. (49) Id., variant. Bold lines indicate epigynal folds. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

4 ♀; 17.07.1969. – Sevilla, Coripe (rioGuadalete), 36°58'N 05°26'W ; 1 ♀; 18.07.1969. – Sevilla, east of Cazalla de la Sierra (deep leaf litter), 37°57'N 05°45'W ; 2 Ƌ, 3 ♀ (last moults of 1 Ƌ 16.06.2009, of 2 ♀ 29.06.2009); 04.06.2009. – Sevilla, RiveradeBenalija ( Pintadodam ), 38°02'N 05°55'W , 4 Ƌ, 3 ♀ (lastmoultsof 2 Ƌ 5 and 12.06.2009, of ♀ 21. 7-02.08.2009); 05.06.2009. – Cadiz, Algodonales , 36°53'N 05°27'W , 1 ♀, 19.07.1969. – Huelva, SantaOlalla (rioCala), 37°55'N 06°11'W , 2 ♀, 04.07.1969. – Same, 2 Ƌ, 05.06.2002. – Huelva, Zufre (rivera Huelva ), 37°51'N 06°19'W , 1 ♀, 04.07.1969. – Huelva, ZalamealaReal , 37°41'N 06°39'W , 1 Ƌ, 2 ♀, 10.07.1969. – Huelva, Moguer , 37°16'N 06°50'W , 1 ♀, 11.07.1969. – Huelva, TorredeOro / Mazagón , 37°05'N 06°43'W , 1 ♀, 13.07.1969. – Huelva, Alajar / Aracena , 37°52'N 06°40'W ; 2 Ƌ, 1 ♀; 07.07.1969. – Same (cork-oakleaflitter), 37°52'N 06°41'W ; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ (lastmoultof ♀ 08.08.2009); 09.06.2009. – Huelva, PuertoGil / Aracena (cork-oakleaflitter), 37°53'N 06°29'W ; 10 Ƌ (3 largemales, otherssmall), 3 ♀ (lastmoultsof 2 ♀ 17. 06 and 20.07.2009); 07.06.2009. – Huelva, Fuenteheridos (deepleaflitter), 37°54'N 06°40'W ; 3 Ƌ, 3 ♀ (lastmoults of 1 Ƌ 14.06.2009, of ♀ 14. 06-02.07.2009); 12.06.2009. PORTUGAL, Extremadura, Setubal, AzinheiradosBairros , 38°04'N 08°25'W ; 1 ♀; 02.08.1971. FRANCE, Corse, NordCorse, Ponte Leccia; 2 Ƌ; 02.06.1971. – Nord Corse, Above Ponte Leccia (under gravel, river); 4 Ƌ , 10 ♀; 20.06.1999. – Nord Corse, Above Barchetta ( Golo river , under dry vegetation); 2 Ƌ , 2 ♀; 21.06.1999. – NordCorse, Bigugliapond / Bastia ; 1 ♀; 23.06.1999. – SudCorse, Ajaccio ( Gravone river ); 1 Ƌ; 01.06.1971. – Sud Corse, Portigliolo / Propriano (under vegetation & stones) ; 1 ♀; 17.06.1999. – Sud Corse, Sartène, Acorane bridge; 3 Ƌ , 2 ♀ (last moults of ♀ 20 and 22.06.1999); 19.06.1999. – Provence / Côted'azur, Var , Porquerolle (inlitter), 43°00'N 06°12'E ; 2 Ƌ, 4 ♀ (lastmoultsofƋ 13.06.2001, of ♀ 19.07.2001); 23.06.2001. – Languedoc, Herault, LesOuglou / Agde , ( EtangdeThau ), 43°20'N 03°33'E ; 3 ♀ (lastmoultof 1 ♀ 08.07.2001); 26.06.2001. – PyreneesOrientales, ArlessurTech , 42°27'N 02°36'E ; 1 ♀; 01.07.2001. – ITALY, Sardinia, Sassari, Platamona / Porto Torres (damp leaf litter); 6 Ƌ , 4 ♀; 25.05.1999. – Sassari, Castelsardo ; 8 Ƌ , 5 ♀ (last moults of 2 Ƌ 5 and 20.06.1999, of 4 ♀ 05. 06- 03.07.1999); 26.05.1999. – Sassari, StagnodiCalich / Alghero ; 3 Ƌ , 3 ♀; 29.05.1999. – Sassari, PortodiVignola ; 1 ♀ (lastmoult 27.07.1999); 12.06.1999. – Nuoro , lagoaltodeFlumendosa; 8 Ƌ , 8 ♀ (lastmoultsofƋ 11-27.06.1999, of 7 ♀ 10. 6-31.07.1999); 08.06.1999. – Nuoro, Cala Ginepro / Orosei (underJuncus); 1 Ƌ , 3 ♀ (lastmoultsof ♀ 13-16.06.1999); 10.06.1999. – Cagliari, Quartu (laguna) ; 1 ♀; 15.09.1968. – Same ; 6 Ƌ , 14 ♀ (spiders with strong size variation); 03.06.1999. – Calabre, Cosenza, Tarsia / Crativalley ; 1 ♀; 04.08.1968.

DESCRIPTION: Prosoma tawny-brown, with faint marking. Opisthosoma dorsally blackish, ventrally grey, covered with medium-long dark hairs. Legs with blackish marking up to mid-length of femora, tarsi tawny. Leg spination: Metatarsi I v000; II v220. – Ƌ from Greece (from Spain in parentheses): Total length 4.8 (6.0). Prosoma: 2.25 (2.8) long, 1.58 (1.94) wide, 0.86 (1.07) wideatlevelofposterioreyes. Eyesizesandinterdistances: AME 0.08 (0.10), ALE 0.11 (0.14), PME 0.10 (0.14), PLE 0.10 (0.10); AME-AME 0.06 (0.07), AME-ALE 0.01 (0.01), PME-PME 0.02 (0.03), PME-PLE 0.03 (0.04), ALE-PLE 0.06 (0.07). MOQlength 0.24 (0.31), frontwidth 0.40 (0.48), backwidth 0.44 (0.53). Clypeus: 0.08 (0.12) fromAME, 0.04 (0.07) from ALE. Width of pedipalpal tibia 2/3 of its length or less (cf. Fig. 28). Retrolateral tibial apophysis shorter than dorsal length of tibia. Small triangular apical projection on embolar base. Scutum occupying 20% of opisthosoma length. ♀: From Greece (from Spaininparentheses): Totallength 5.0 (7.50). Prosoma: 1.96 (2.83) long, 1.43 (2.12) wide, 0.80 (1.21) wide at level of posterior eyes. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08 (0.10), ALE 0.11 (0.14), PME 0.11 (0.16), PLE 0.11 (0.13); AME-AME 0.04 (0.05), AME-ALE 0.01 (0.01), PME-PME 0.01 (0.03), PME-PLE 0.02 (0.03), ALE- PLE 0.05 (0.07). MOQlength 0.28 (0.35), frontwidth 0.38 (0.50), backwidth 0.41 (0.57). Clypeus: 0.08 (0.13) fromAME, 0.07 (0.07) fromALE. Epigynumandvulva (Figs 45-49, 72). Anterior epigynal margin narrower (rarely equal to) than width of epigynal folds (Figs 45-49). Posterior vulval pouches small. Epigynal folds reaching middle length of epigynum in its centre, forming a large triangle separating the oblique lateral membranous areas .

REMARKS: Jézéquel's (1962: fig. 30) drawing of the vulva of Z. fuscotestaceus (presumably the holotype: "tube 1897, Plouharnel, Morbihan") shows the vulva of a Z. tenuis . Simon (1914, footnote on page 168) himself expressed doubts about the status of Z. fuscotestaceus in relation to Z. tenuis (under circumpectus). I have not been able to see the type specimen of Z. fuscotestaceus .