Megalopinus EICHELBAUM, 1915

Puthz, V., 2012, Über die Megalopinus-Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (26. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Megalopsidiinen), Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2), pp. 1373-1430 : 1377-1381

Key to the Oriental Megalopinus EICHELBAUM

1 Elytra impunctate.: E (fig. 51). 2.5-2.9mm (FB 1.4-1.6mm). Australia N.S.W., ACT, Vic) ................................................................................................... M. australicus nov.sp.

- Elytra punctate (sometimes with few punctures: M. scolytomimus )....................................2

2 Pronotum regularly punctate (figs 20, 21, 23), head narrower as or at most as broad as pronotum.............................................................................................................................3

- Sculpture of pronotum irregular, with transverse sulci or irregular punctuation. If punctuation seems to be ± regular, head distinctly broader than elytra ( M. borneensis (CAMERON) , fig. 24, M. burckhardti nov.sp.)......................................................................5

3 Head much narrower than pronotum (HW: PW 0.8), elytra only with 3 large punctures (fig. 27).: E (fig. 58). 2.2-2.5mm (FB 1.4-1.5mm). Sarawak............................ ...................................................................................................... M. scolytomimus nov.sp.

- Head about as broad as pronotum (HW: PW = 0.97-1.00), elytra with more than 3 large punctures.............................................................................................................................4

4 Punctuation of frons sparser, interstices mostly larger than diameter of punctures; punctuation of elytra sparser (fig. 26).: E (fig. 54). 2.3-2.7mm (F 1.5mm). Thailand...... ........................................................................................................... M. loeblianus nov.sp.

- Punctuation of frons denser, interstices mostly smaller than half diameter of punctures; punctuation of elytra denser (fig. 23).: Unknown. 2.5mm (FB 1.6mm). Thailand........... ....................................................................................................... M. schwendigeri nov.sp.

5 Elytra in sutural third impunctate (or at most with 2 punctures). Some species are listed here and in the opposite column..........................................................................................6

- Elytra in sutural third with more than 2 punctures............................................................18

6 Larger, FB ≥1.8mm.............................................................................................................7

- Smaller, FB ≤1.7mm...........................................................................................................9

7 Elytra brownish, each with 4 nodular elevations. Larger: 3.8-4.5mm.: E (fig 70 Australia (N.S.W.)...................................................................... M. nodipennis (MACLEAY)

- Elytra otherwise..................................................................................................................8

8 Head about as broad as elytra; elytra completely reddish, with about 15 punctures laterally.: E (fig. 53). 3.7-4.0mm (FB 2.3mm). Australia (Vic)........................................ ................................................................................................. M. melbournensis (WILSON)

- Head broader than elytra; elytra blackish with reddish-yellow markings and with about 5 punctures laterally.: E (fig. 84). 3.2-3.5mm (FB 1.7-1.9mm). China (Guangxi, Yunnan), Thailand....................................................................................... M. tangi nov.sp.

9 Head broader, about as broad as elytra (EW: HW: 0.94-1.15)..........................................10

- Head less broad, distinctly less broad than elytra (EW: HW>1.18).................................15

10 Elytra each with 3 longitudinal series of punctures, pronotum with transverse punctate furrows.: E with strongly sclerotized internal hooks.....................................................11

- Elytra only with 2 longitudinal series of punctures, pronotum coarsely and irregularly punctate.: E without strongly sclerotized internal hooks (fig. 57) 2.0-2.6mm (FB 1.2mm). Australia (N.S.W., Qld, Vic)...................................................... M. acaciae STEEL

11 Smaller, 2.0-2.3mm (FB 1.3-1.4mm), head relatively less broad (EW: HW =1.06).: E (fig. 96). Malaysia (Perak), Singapore.................................................. M. rafflesi nov.sp.

- Larger, 2.4-3.1mm (FB 1.45-1.7mm), head relatively broader (EW: HW: 0.94-1.01)......12

12 Lateral stria of tergite 5 longer, extending towards posterior margin of tergite.: E fig. 95). 2.5mm (FB 1.45mm). Indonesia: Borneo Kalimantan ............ M. longestriatus nov.sp.

- Lateral stria of tergite 5 shorter, extending towards about middle of tergite.....................13

13 Apical portion of metafemora infuscate.: Metatibiae curved (fig. 10), E (fig. 82). 3.1mm (FB 1.7mm). S India.................................................................. M. curvipes nov.sp.

- Legs unicolorous.: Metatibae not curved......................................................................14

14: E (fig. 92), internal hooks narrower. 2.6-2.9mm (F 1.6- 1,7mm). Nepal. N India............ ........................................................................................................... M. nepalensis nov.sp.

-: E (fig. 91), internal hooks broader. 2.4-2.8mm (FB 1.5-1.6mm). Japan. China ( Taiwan,, Fujian). Thailand. Malaysia (Kedah) ................................. M. hirashimai NAOMI

15 Elytra very broad (EW: HW: 1.37).: E (fig. 72). 2.3mm (FB 1.4mm). Indonesia (Sumatra) ......................................................................... M. sumatranus nov.sp.

- Elytra less broad (EW: HW ≤ 1.30)..................................................................................16

16 Head less broad (EW: HW: 1.28-1.30).............................................................................17

- Head broader (EW: HW =1.20).: Unknown. 2.2-2.5mm (FB 1.4mm) Malaysia (Tioman,? Sarawak). China (Guangxi) ...................................................... M. leileri PUTHZ

17: E (fig. 55). Habitus (fig. 16). 2.0-2.4mm (FB 1.2mm). Sri Lanka.......... M. juengeri PUTHZ

-: E: fig. 3. Puthz 1990). 2.2-2.5mm (FB 1.45mm). India (Meghalaya) ......... M. loebli PUTHZ

18 Head broader or about as broad as elytra (EW: HW ≤1.05)..............................................20

- Head narrower than elytra (EW: HW>1,05)....................................................................44

19 Apical portion of metafemora infuscate (note: this is very difficult to state in immature specimens).........................................................................................................................20

- Legs unicolorous...............................................................................................................22

20 Elytra calloused, punctuation slightly irregular, elytra broadly reddish yellow at posterior margin.: Unknown. 2.6 mm (FB 1.6mm). Sri Lanka........ M. besucheti nov.sp.

- Elytra not calloused, punctuation in regular series............................................................21

21 Lateral stria of tergite 5 longer than half the sternite. Larger with fewer punctures in inner sutural third.: E (fig. 98). 3.3-3.9mm (FB 1.8-2.2mm). Indonesia (Sulawesi) ......... ......................................................................................................... M. sulawesicus nov.sp.

- Lateral stria of tergite 5 shorter than half the sternite. Smaller, inner sutural third of elytra densely punctate (fig. 24).: E (fig. 103). 2.8-3.4mm (FB 1.7-1.9mm) Malaysia (Sabah) ........................................................................................ M. borneensis (CAMERON)

22 Lateral stria of tergite 5 distinctly longer than half the sternite.........................................23

- Lateral stria of tergite 5 at most as long as half the sternite..............................................32

23 Elytra predominantly yellowish-red, only narrowly darker anteriorly and posteriorly.: Unknown. 3.3mm (FB 2.0mm). Philippines (Basilan).............. M. bakeri (BERNHAUER)

- Elytra otherwise................................................................................................................24

24 Elytral pattern (about) as in figs. 40, 44, 46, 47, no reddish yellow marking near posterior suture..................................................................................................................25

- Elytral pattern (about) as in figs. 39, 43, 45, 48-50), a reddish yellow marking near posterior suture..................................................................................................................29

25 Smaller: FB ≤1.7mm.........................................................................................................26

- Larger: FB ≥1.7mm...........................................................................................................27

26: E (about as in fig. 73). 3.2mm (FB1.7mm). Indonesia (Kalimantan)...... M. dolosus nov.sp.

-: E (fig. 65). 3.0-3.2mm (FB1.7mm). Indonesia (Kalimantan) ...... M. rougemonti nov.sp.

27 Elytra as in fig. 47, inner reddish yellow marking shorter, not extending posteriad.: E (figs. 63, 64). 3.5-4.1mm. Singapore. Indonesia (Kalimantan).......................................... .......................................................................................... M. indomalayicus (BERNHAUER)

- Elytra as in figs. 39, 40, inner reddish yellow marking longer, extending posteriad...........

28 Tergite 10 coarsely and sparsely punctate (fig. 14).: E (figs. 56, 59-62). 3.5-4.0mm (FB 1.9-2.2mm)..................................................[ M. acutangulus (WATERHOUSE) ] see # 29

- Tergite 10 coarsely and densely punctate (about as in fig. 15).: E (fig. 89). 2.8- 3.8mm (FB 1.6-2.0mm). Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan). Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)..... ........................................................................................................ M. violiniformis nov.sp.

29 Tergite 10 coarsely and sparsely punctate (fig. 14).: E (figs 56, 59-62). 3.5-4.0mm (FB 1.9-2.2mm). Indonesia (Java). Malaysia (Selangor, Penang, Tioman, Sabah). Thailand.? China (Yunnan)................................................ M. acutangulus (WATERHOUSE)

- Tergite 10 coarsely and densely punctate (about as in fig. 15).........................................30

30 The reddish yellow lateral elytral spot smaller, ¼ as long as one elytron or shorter; posterior margin of elytra predominantly black................................................................31

- The reddish yellow lateral elytral spot larger, 1/3 as long as one elytron; posterior margin of elytra narrowly reddish-yellow.: Unknown. 3.3-3.8mm (FB 2.0-2.1mm). Philippines (Palawan).................................................................... M. palawanensis nov.sp.

31 The reddish yellow marking near posterior suture narrower, not extending laterad at posterior margin of elytra.: E (fig. 89). 2.8-3.8mm (FB 1.6-2.0mm). Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan). Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)....................... M. violiniformis nov.sp.

- The reddish yellow marking near posterior suture broader, slightly extending laterad at posterior margin of elytra. E (fig. 66). 4.0mm (FB 2.1mm). Indonesia (Kalimantan) .......... ....................................................................................................... M. kalimantanus nov.sp.

32 Elytral pattern as in fig. 42, a series of punctures along suture.: E (fig. 87). 3.2- 3.8mm (FB 2.1-2.3mm). Philippines (Luzon) ...................... M. flavolineatus (BERNHAUER)

- Elytra otherwise................................................................................................................33

33 Elytra unicolourous, brownish to blackish, without distinct reddish yellow markings.....34

- Elytra with various ± distinct reddish yellow markings....................................................42

34 Elytra coarsely and densely punctate, longitudinal series of punctures indistinctly.............. delimited...........................................................................................................................35

- Elytral punctuation otherwise, longitudinal series of punctures distinctly delimited. Several very similar species, which should be identified by their aedeagus.....................36

35 Punctuation of inner sutural third of elytra slightly confluent (fig. 28).: E (as in fig. 77). 2.5-2.8mm (FB 1.6mm). Indonesia (Java) ............................ M. drescheri (L. BENICK)

- Punctuation of inner sutural third of elytra distinctly separate (fig. 34).: E (fig. 77). 2.2-2.4mm (FB 1.4-1.5mm). Indonesia (Java) ........................... M. nigerrimus (CAMERON)

36 Elytra broader (EW: EL>1.4)...........................................................................................37

- Elytra less broad (EW: EL <1.4).......................................................................................39

37: E (fig. 73). 2.7-2.9mm (FB 1.5-1.6mm). Indonesia (Kalimantan) ........ M. deceptor nov.sp.

-: E otherwise ..................................................................................................................38

38: E (fig. 78). 2.5-2.7mm (FB 1.5mm). Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) ................................................................................................... M. mimus nov.sp.

-: E (fig. 74). 2.8mm (FB 1.65mm). Indonesia (Kalimantan)................ M. mendax nov.sp.

39 Punctuation of inner sutural third of elytra denser (fig. 29).: E (fig. 75). 2.0-2.4mm (FB 1.4mm). Malaysia (Penang). Indonesia (Java) ................................. M. bryanti nov.sp.

- Punctuation of inner sutural third of elytra less dense (figs 31, 32)..................................40

40 Slightly larger: 2.6-2.7mm (FB 1.55mm).: E (fig. 90). Indonesia (Sumatra).................... ......................................................................................................... M. burckhardti nov.sp.

- Slightly smaller: 2.1-2.7mm (FB 1.35-1.5mm).................................................................41

41 2.1-2.7mm (FB 1.5mm).: E (fig. 107). Malaysia (Sabah, Kedah). Thailand. Laos. China (Yunnan). Indonesia (Java)................................................. M. gracilihamus nov.sp.

- 2.1-2.4mm (FB 1.3-1.4mm).: E (fig. 76). Philippines (Mindanao) ................................... .................................................................................................. M. uniformis (BERNHAUER)

42 Elytra very coarsely and very densely punctate, punctures of inner sutural third confluent (fig. 28). Smaller ...............................................................see #35 ( M. drescheri )

- Elytra coarsely but less densely punctate, punctures of inner sutural third distinctly delimited (fig. 35).............................................................................................................43

43 A long series of punctures along suture.: E (fig. 85). 2.9-3.3mm (FB 1.7-1.8mm). Philippines (Palawan), Malaysia (Sabah)................................. M. creberrimus (L. BENICK)

- No long series of punctures along suture .......................... M. gracilihamus nov.sp. see #41

44 Lateral stria of tergite 5 shorter, not extending towards the posterior margin of the tergite................................................................................................................................45

- Lateral stria of tergite 5 longer, extending (nearly) to the posterior margin of the tergite........50

45 Larger, FB>1.7mm...........................................................................................................46

- Smaller, FB <1.6mm.........................................................................................................47

46 Elytra shorter (EL: EW =0,75).: E (fig. 86). 3.2mm (FB 1.8mm). Philippines (Luzon).................................................................................... M. philippinus (BERNHAUER)

- Elytra longer (EL: EW =0.77).: E (fig. 83). 3.5mm (FB1.9mm). Philippines................... (Mindanao)........................................................................................... M. fungicola nov.sp.

47 Inner posterior sutural third of elytra dark........................................................................48

- Inner posterior sutural third of elytra reddish yellow........................................................49

48: E (fig. 97), internal sclerites without complex of denticles. 1.9-2.5mm (FB 1.2- 1.3mm). Malaysia (Sabah, Johor) ...................................................... M. malayanus nov.sp.

-: E (generally as in fig. 97), internal sclerites with a complex of denticles (fig. 108). 2.3-2.6mm (FB 1.3-1.4mm). Malaysia (Kedah, Sabah). Indonesia (Kalimantan)................. .................................................................................................................. M. zwicki nov.sp.

49 Smaller; pronotum relatively narrower (HW: PW 1.10).: E (fig. 97) ............................... .......................................................................................... M. malayanus nov.sp. (see # 48)

- Larger; pronotum relatively broader (HW: PW 1.17).: E (fig. 79). 2.5mm (FB 1,5mm). Malaysia (Sabah) .......................................................... M. kinabalumontis nov.sp.

50 Smaller, FB <1.5mm.........................................................................................................51

- Larger, FB ≥1.5mm...........................................................................................................54

51 Legs unicolourous.............................................................................................................52

- Apical portion of metatarsi distinctly infuscate.................................................................53

52 Elytra dark brown to black, shorter (EL: EW 0,76).: E (fig. 93). 2.9-2.3mm (FB 1.2-1.3mm). Malaysia ( Sarawak) ....................................................... M. indifferens nov.sp.

- Elytra with a reddish yellow marking laterally (fig. 46), longer (EL: EW 0.80).: E (fig. 94). 2.1-2.4mm (FB 1.3- 1-4mm). Malaysia (Sabah) .................... M. sabahnus nov.sp.

53 Tergite 10 coarsely and very densely sculptured.: (E (fig. 81). 2.3mm (FB 1.3mm). Indonesia (Sulawesi) .............................................................................. M. alcoides nov.sp.

- Tergite 10 with moderately coarse punctures laterally.: E (fig. 106). 2.1mm (FB 1.3mm). Malaysia (Sabah) ............................................................ M. angustihamus nov.sp.

54 Legs unicolorous...............................................................................................................55

- Apical portion of metafemora distinctly infuscate............................................................67

55 Very large, 5.1mm (FB 3.2mm). Habitus (fig. 4).: Unknown. China (Taiwan) ................ .......................................................................................................... M. taiwanensis PUTHZ

- Smaller: FB <2,7mm .........................................................................................................56

56 Elytra posteriorly near suture dark....................................................................................57

- Elytra posteriorly near suture reddish (-yellow)................................................................63

57 Smaller: FB <2,0mm.........................................................................................................58

- Larger: FB ≥2.0mm...........................................................................................................61

58 A long series of punctures (about 9) at suture...................................................................59

- At suture no long series of punctures or only a few punctures..........................................63

59: E (fig. 52). 2.9-3.8mm (FB 1.7-2.1mm). India. Myanmar. Thailand. Laos. Vietnam. China. Singapore. Malaysia. Indonesia................................... M. subfasciatus (CHAMPION)

- E (fig. 104). 3.5mm (FB 1.9mm). Malaysia (Sabah)............................. M. vexabilis nov.sp.

60 Larger: 3.1-3.6mm (FB 1.8-1.9mm). E (fig. 99). Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah)........................................................................... M. fasciatus (L. BENICK)

- Smaller: 2,9-3.2mm (FB 1.6-1.9mm).: otherwise.........................................................61

61 Inner sutural third of elytra with more punctures (8-16).: E (fig. 102). 2.6-3.1mm (FB 1.6-1.7mm). New Guinea, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), New Britain. ........ melanesicus nov.sp.

- Inner sutural third of elytra with fewer punctures (6-8)....................................................62

62 Larger. Elytra with a distinct reddish yellow transverse band in anterior half.: Sternite 8 with a shallow apical emargination.: E (fig. 80). 2.9-3.2mm............................ .................................................................................................. M. luzonicus (BERNHAUER)

- Smaller. Elytra brownish without distinctly delimited reddish yellow markings.: Sternite 8 shallowly rounded at posterior margin. E (fig. 101). 2.0mm (FB 1.6mm). Indonesia (Sulawesi) ......................................................................... M. gallinaceus nov.sp.

63 Paratergites impunctate.....................................................................................................64

- Paratergites punctate (at least with one puncture).............................................................66

64 Punctuation of tergite 10 denser, shiny interstices mostly about as large as or smaller than diameter of punctures, shiny punctulation very shallow...........................................65

- Punctuation of tergite 10 less dense, interstices distinctly larger than diameter of punctures, very densely punctulate.: E (fig. 68). 4.1mm (FB 2.4mm). Indonesia (Lombok) ........................................................................................ M. lombokensis nov.sp.

65 Lateral reddish yellow spot of elytra less long, about ¼ as long as one elytron.: E (fig. 71). 3.8mm (FB 2,2mm). Vietnam. Indonesia (Kalimantan).............. erraticus nov.sp.

- Lateral reddish yellow spot of elytra longer, about 1/3as long as one elytron.: E (fig. 67). 3.4mm (FB 2.0mm). Philippines (Mindanao) .......................... M. polyporicola nov.sp.

66 Punctuation of paratergites less coarse and less dense (at least with one puncture). Punctuation of frons less coarse and less dense. Smooth areas of pronotum (transverse torus) comprise about half the surface of the pronotum.: Posterior margin of sternite 8 shallowly rounded with a small median projection, E (fig. 69). 3.3-4.8mm (FB 2.1- 2.7mm). Sri Lanka. India. Myanmar. China (Hainan, Guangxi). Malaysia (Selangor) Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali).? Philippines (Palawan) ......................................... .................................................................................................. M. sexdentatus (CAMERON)

- Punctuation of paratergites very coarse (fig. 11). Punctuation of frons coarser and denser. Punctate areas of pronotum comprise more than half the surface of the pronotum (fig. 3).: Posterior margin of sternite 8 shallowly emarginated. E (fig. 105). 3.8-4.2mm (FB 2.3mm). Myanmar..................................... M. decoratus (L. BENICK)

67 Lateral stria of tergite 5 V-shaped (fig. 38). Paratergites with some coarse punctures.: Unknown. 4.7mm (FB 2.5mm). Japan Kumamoto pref.) ............. M. tomishimai NAOMI

- Lateral stria of tergite 5 simple (fig. 9).............................................................................68

68 Many punctures in sutural third of elytra (11-19).: E (fig. 88). 3.6-4.5mm (FB 2.2-2.3mm). Indonesia (Sulawesi)....................................................... M. celebensis nov.sp.

- Less punctures in sutural third of elytra............................................................................69

69 Posterior margin of elytra dark (fig. 37)............................................................................70

- Posterior margin of elytra narrowly reddish yellow (fig. 36). Japan (Nagasaki pref.).: E (fig. 5A, NAOMI 1986). 4.2mm (FB 2.5mm) ...................... M. flavomaculatus NAOMI

70 Paratergites with some punctures. Punctuation of frons less coarse and less dense, interstices often as wide as 2-3 punctures combined see #66: ...... M. sexdentatus (CAMERON)

- Paratergites impunctate. Punctuation of frons coarser and denser, interstices in places about as wide as diameter of the largest punctures.: Sternite 8 emarginate at posterior margin................................................................................................................71

71 Smaller: 3.0mm (FB 2.0mm).: E (fig. 100). Indonesia (Sulawesi) ........ M. brendelli nov.sp.

- Larger: 4.5-5.0 [from NAOMI 1986] (pl. 49, fig. 5, UÉNO et al., 1985).: E (fig. 5C, NAOMI 1986). Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Is., Yaku Is., Ryukyus) ........... ........................................................................................................ M. japonicus (NAKANE)