Katianna maryae, Bernard, Ernest C., 2014

Bernard, Ernest C., 2014, Katianna maryae n. sp. (Collembola: Katiannidae), a southern Appalachian species of a Gondwanan genus, Zootaxa 3754 (2), pp. 148-158 : 149-156

Katianna maryae n. sp.

Figs. 1–6

Specimens examined. Holotype female and numerous paratypes, USA, Tennessee, Knox County, Knoxville, University of Tennessee, west (agricultural) campus, between Morgan Hall and Ellington Plant Sciences, pan sweeps of grassy lawns with scattered herbaceous dicots, May 1995, C. L. Williver, M. M. Gibbs, E.C. Bernard, collectors; many additional specimens collected from same locality in following years in all seasons, E.C. Bernard, collector; 25 specimens, Tennessee, Anderson County, Oak Ridge, leaf litter, 19 February 1995, M.M. Gibbs, collector; 7 specimens, Tennessee, Blount County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Abrams Falls ranger station, grass lawn, 10 August 2007, E.C. Bernard, collector.

Description of female. Length 1.1–1.3 mm. Large abdomen rounded ( Figs. 1 A, 2G); Abd. V and VI separate ( Figs. 2 G, 3G). In ethanol, head posterior largely gray-violet with violet-black network of lines ( Fig. 4 B); grayviolet color extending anteriorly and surrounding orange spot on gena ( Figs. 1 A, B); fronto-clypeal region with median violet stripe flanked by orange stripes; copper-brown median stripe between black eye patches, flanked by white stripes sometimes ornamented with small black spots ( Fig. 1 B); postocular tubercles white. Antennal segments I–III orange-brown, Ant. IV violet or orange-brown basally then violet. Body with intricate mosaic of violet-black, orange and white in varying proportions ( Figs. 1 A–C), with narrow median stripe extending to midbody, this stripe usually crossed by transverse white stripe in region of Th. III-Abd. I; midbody generally with G or J-shaped black figures ( Figs. 1 B, C); small abdomen black dorsally with two rectangular orange spots. Leg color variable, usually whitish proximally and light violet distally, sometimes with orange pigment. Ventral tube and furcula white or lightly washed with violet. Each macrosetal socket set in small white dot.

Color of live females similar but body with mosaic of yellow, orange and dark violet ( Fig. 1 E). Median abdominal stripe yellow, transverse stripe yellow-orange.

Cuticle finely granulate over most of its surface ( Figs. 5 A, B); antennal segments and leg segments distal to coxae with numerous and more prominent circular or oval granules extending above surface ( Fig. 4 D); raised base of bothriothrix D with granules in partial spiral arrangement ( Fig. 5 C); more posteriorly, small abdomen with pattern of raised clusters of granules ( Fig. 5 C, E).

Antennal segment IV about twice the length of Ant. III ( Figs. 6 A, D), annule-like but not subsegmented; basal fourth with parallel sides, more anteriorly with nine equally spaced enlargements each bearing a whorl of seven pointed setae; subapically, two slender distal sensilliform setae on exterior side ( Figs. 6 A, B), segment apparently devoid of other specialized sensillum-like setae; apex of Ant. IV with two conical processes, apical bulb absent ( Fig. 6 C). Papilla of Ant. III simple, unlobed ( Fig. 6 D); Ant. III sense organ composed of two exposed oval sense clubs and two sensillum-like setae slightly posterior to clubs ( Fig. 6 E). Base of Ant. II with apparent sense organ consisting of pit and conical projection ( Figs. 4 C, 6D–F); this projection exposed when antenna is outstretched ( Fig. 4 C, 6F), covered by Ant. I and partially in pit when antennae angled at the Ant. I–II joint ( Fig. 6 G). First antennal segment with seven setae, dorsally and Laterally with three thicker and three thinner setae, ventrally with one small seta at apex ( Fig. 6 D). Three proprioreceptors (oval organs) near antenna base ( Fig. 2 A).

Labial palpus with all papillae and guard setae ( Fig. 6 H); proximal region with five stout, slightly curved setae, basolateral field with four setae. Guard seta a1 straight, spike-like; b1 long, on papillate base; d3 microserrated on most of its length; lateral process granulate, reaching base of e3 ( Fig. 6 I). Maxillary outer lobe with simple palpus and two sublobal hairs, the more basal hair straight ( Fig. 6 J). Maxillary lamellae not extending past teeth of maxillary head. Usually six prelabral setae present ( Fig. 6 K), occasionally median seta present to give seven. Labral setae in three rows, proximal to distal 5-5-4 setae; middle three setae of basal row and median seta of middle row shorter than other setae; outer setae of distal row thickened, spike-like, on small papillae. Dorsal edge of labrum with five acute lobes and apical fringe; ventral edge sinuate, with three teeth at each corner ( Fig. 6 K). Eight ocelli in each eyepatch, ocelli E and G slightly smaller than adjacent ocelli, C and D strongly reduced, D smaller than C ( Fig. 2 E). Linea ventralis without spine-like process ( Fig. 4 B).

Middle coxa with two setae and conical papilla ( Fig. 5 A), hind coxa with two setae, forked sensillum in circular pit and conical papilla ( Figs. 5 B, 6 O). Middle and hind trochanters with similar trochanteral organs composed of oval or heart-shaped pit surrounding thick serrated seta ( Fig. 6 O); middle trochanter with three setae, hind trochanter with four setae ( Figs. 6 N, O). Fore, middle and hind femora with 13, 15, and 13 setae, respectively; interior middle seta of middle femur twice the length of its hind femur counterpart ( Figs. 6 N, O). Tibiotarsi each with six whorls of setae and with a pair of minute subventral, sub-basal setae. Ventral surface of fore, middle and hind tibiotarsi with 3, 4, 5 spine-like setae ( Figs. 6 M– O) and distally with 8, 8, 6 clavate tenent hairs, respectively ( Figs. 3 A, B). Foot structure similar on all legs, except filament long and reaching tip of unguis on fore and hind unguiculi, very short on hind unguiculus ( Figs. 3 A, B). Unguis with two teeth on inner side, multiple proximal denticles in line or clustered along inner edge, and prominent multidentate pseudonychia on both lateral sides ( Figs. 3 A–D), terminating in large lateral teeth ( Fig. 3 D); viewed from exterior side pseudonychia often fused into several multiserrated layers. Pseudonychial region often with clusters of minute denticles ( Fig. 3 A). Unguiculus with rows of denticles along one or both edges.

Ventral tube with 2+2 laterodistal setae ( Fig. 6 L). Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth and two setae. Manubrium with 8+8 dorsal setae; dens ventrally with two subapical setae and one proximal seta, dorsally with six exterior, two inner dorsal, one dorsal, and five lateral setae ( Fig. 3 E). Mucro notched at apex, with smooth exterior edge, coarsely toothed inner edge; mucronal seta absent ( Fig. 3 F). Subanal appendage palmate with three multifurcate major branches ( Figs. 5 D, E).

Chaetotaxy. Setae appearing smooth at low magnification; slender setae roughened at high magnification, cephalic spines minutely scaled in spiraling rows ( Fig. 2 F); setae normally simple, antennae or legs rarely with a random forked seta ( Fig. 5 A). Setae of head and body usually displaying minor asymmetry. Clypeal region with six transverse rows of setae posterior to pre-labral setae ( Figs. 2 A–C): anterior clypeal (ca), anterior clypeal-medial (cma), clypeal-medial (cm), anterior clypeal-central 1 (ccb), posterior clypeal-central 2 (cca) and clypeal-posterior (cp); genal row absent; medial setae cm0 and cca0 usually present ( Figs. 2 A, B), occasionally absent or displaced ( Fig. 2 C). Interantennal-interocular area with d and sd setal rows, seta sd1 spine-like ( Figs. 2 A–C); medial seta occasionally present ( Fig. 2 B); sd’ row and seta a0 absent. Postocular tubercles each with 3 stout spine-like setae; 2+2 setae between tubercles ( Fig. 2 E). Cervical setae 3+3, divergent, innermost pair (CS1, CS2) longer than CS3 ( Fig. 2 E). Posterior of head with 2+2 setae near the linea ventralis and 3 postgenal setae arranged in a triangle on each side ( Fig. 2 D).

Mesothorax with 3+3 setae, metathorax with 8+8 or 9+9 setae in a single row; Abd. I with three rows of setae, each side with 14–18 setae in a+m rows and 1 or 2 p-setae ( Figs. 2 G, H). Bothriothrix B slightly posterior to line of bothriotricha A and C; B-C distance twice that of AB. Region of Abd. II–IV with numerous long setae not arranged in discernible pattern; posterior margin with 2+2 short, smooth setae ( Figs. 2 G, 3I). One specimen with small, serrate, clavate medial seta ( Fig. 2 G). Venter of abdomen usually with 3+3, occasionally 2+2 short setae.

On Abd. V bothriothrix D straight, tip tapering, slightly bent ( Fig. 5 C), arising from small rounded papilla bearing one long seta and one short basal seta ( Fig. 3 G). Four medial setae on Abd. VI, A-row setae slightly swollen near base; A0 simple, not bifurcate ( Figs. 3 G, H).

Description of male. Males similar to females in most respects. Length 0.7–0.9 mm. Head with variable violet patches on gena; large abdomen with large white patches; legs pale orange ( Fig. 4 A). Three medial setae on Abd. VI ( Fig. 3 I).

Etymology. This species is named in loving memory of the late Mary Fitzpatrick, spouse of the noted nature photographer Kevin Fitzpatrick and a skilled photographer in her own right.

Relationships. Because of the relatively little attention given to Katianna for many years, the relationships of K. maryae n. sp. to other species of the genus are difficult to determine. In the key to South American species ( Heckman 2001) K. maryae n. sp. traces to K. willincki ( Delamare Deboutteville & Massoud, 1963) . Based on length (~700 µm) and less complex head chaetotaxy the single specimen probably is a juvenile, and thus may not be comparable to adults of K. maryae n. sp. The two species have a somewhat similar color patterns, both have G or J-shaped markings on the dorsum of the large abdomen, and they have the same ventral setal arrangement on the dens. However, they differ in the following ways, which may be due to the juvenile status of K. willincki : nine annule-like enlargements on Ant. IV in K. maryae n. sp. (six in K. willincki ); hind tibiotarsus with six clavate tenent hairs (seven in K. willincki ); two internal teeth and complex pseudonychia on the unguis (one tooth, no pseudonychia in K. willincki ), hind unguiculus triangular, much shorter than unguis, several denticles on inner edge (in K. willincki , hind unguiculus tapering, same length as unguis, without denticles). Morphologically K. maryae n. sp. is similar to K. jeanneli Delamare Deboutteville & Massoud, 1963 in the presence of pseudonychia and numerous denticles and minute teeth on the unguis and unguiculus, but K. maryae n. sp. has only six clavate tenent hairs on the hind tibiotarsus (seven in K. jeanneli ). Additionally, the mucronal tip of K. maryae n. sp. is straight, not hooked as in K. jeanneli . The color patterns are also different, with K. jeanneli having a stripe of black pigment on each side of the large abdomen as well as a black blotch toward the posterior end. Delamare Deboutteville & Massoud (1963) described but did not illustrate the habitus of K. jeanneli ; however, they stated that the pattern much resembled K. wygodzinskyi Delamare Deboutteville & Massoud (1963) , which they did illustrate as having dark lateral bands and a large medial spot on the large abdomen.

Katianna maryae n. sp. differs from the Australian and New Zealand species in color pattern and in number of clavate tenent hairs (eight on foreleg in K. maryae n. sp., six or less in the Australian and New Zealand species).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Katianna maryae n. sp. A) Females preserved in ethanol, lateral views showing variation in pigmentation. B) Females preserved in ethanol, dorsal views. C) Long macrosetae of abdomen in profile. E) Living specimen. All scales equal 500 µm.

FIGURE 2. Katianna maryae n. sp. A – C) Head, frontal view. D) Head, posterior view of setal arrangement posterior to labium. E) Head, dorsal view. F) Spine – like seta of head. G) Chaetotaxy of thorax and abdominal segments I – IV, lateral view. Arrows indicate unusual median seta and short posterior setae. H) Chaetotaxy of thorax and anterior half of abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURE 3. Katianna maryae n. sp. A) Forefoot, exterior view. B) Hind foot, exterior view. C) Hind unguis, interior view. D) Front unguis, dorsal view. E) Furcula, dorsal view (left), ventral view (right). F) Mucro and apex of dens. G) Abdominal segments V and VI, female, lateral view. H) Abdominal segments V and VI, female, dorsal view. I) Posterior edge of great abdomen and abdominal segments V and VI, male, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Katianna maryae n. sp. A) Males, lateral view. B) Head, posterior view. C) Basal organ of Ant. II. D) Cuticular granulation on leg. Scales in µm.

FIGURE 5. Katianna maryae n. sp. A) Sense organ region of middle coxa; arrow indicates peg. Forked seta is not typical. B) Sense organ region of hind coxa; arrow indicates peg. C) Bothriothrix D and base. D, E) Subanal appendages. Scales in µm.

FIGURE 6. Katianna maryae n. sp. A – C) Fourth antennal segment. A) Entire view. B) Apical half; arrows indicate sensilliform setae. C) Apex. D) Antennal segments I – III. E) Apex of Ant. III. F) Basal organ of Ant. II, antenna outstretched, ventral view. G) Basal organ of Ant. II, antenna bent at joint, ventral view. H) Labial palpus. I) Papilla E of labial palpus at different orientation than H; microserrated guard seta d 3. J) Maxillary palpus. K) Labrum, dorsal view, granulation partially filled in, and slight enlargement of ventral apical edge (indicated by arrows) showing three teeth at each corner. L) Ventral tube; arrow indicates anterior direction. M) Foreleg femur and tibiotarsus. N) Middle leg trochanter, femur and tibiotarsus. O) Hind leg coxa, trochanter, femur and tibiotarsus, with enlargement of trochanteral organ.