Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002

Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, Giupponi, Alessandro P. L., Prendini, Lorenzo & Scharff, Nikolaj, 2021, Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi), European Journal of Taxonomy 772, pp. 1-409 : 87-88

Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002

Figs 7A–B , 8A–B , 43 ; Table 4

Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 2002: 110–113 , figs 8–12.

Charinus acaraje – Baptista & Giupponi 2003: 80. — Miranda & Giupponi 2011: 66, fig. 13. — Vasconcelos et al. 2013: 496–497, fig. 12; 2014: 155, 162. — Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2016: 185. — Miranda et al. 2016c: 18–29.

Diagnosis

This species may be separated from other Charinus in eastern South America by means of the following combination of characters: two setae, prolateral and retrolateral, on dorsal surface of chelicerae; cheliceral claw with eight teeth and with complete row of setae on retrolateral surface; pedipalp femur with three dorsal spines and three ventral spines; leg IV distitibia sc and sf series each with six trichobothria.

This species resembles C. una sp. nov., but differs in the larger size, six trichobothria in the sc and sf series, and eight teeth on the cheliceral claw.

Etymology

Noun in apposition referring to ‘ acarajé ’, a famous dish in Bahia, the state in which the type locality is located ( Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2002).

Type material

Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Bahia, Santa Luzia, Gruta da Pedra do Sino ; 15°26′15.22″ S, 39°18′45.04″ W; 14 Oct. 1997; B.S. Santos leg.; MZSP 1829 .

Additional material

BRAZIL • 4 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, 2 nymphae; Bahia, Santa Luzia, Gruta do Lapão ; 15°25′44″ S, 39°20′02″ W; 3 Nov. 2002; A.P.L. Giupponi and R.C. Baptista leg.; new record; MNRJ 9297 • 1 ♀; Bahia, Camacã, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra Bonita ; 15°23′02.63″ S, 39°33′46.68″ W; 11–15 Jun. 2009; V. Dill, A. Chagas Jr, D. Pedroso, A.P.L. Giupponi, A. Kury leg.; new record; MNRJ 9125 .

Supplementary description

Only the male was previously known. A description of the female and supplementary description of the male are presented below.

CARAPACE. Curved carina between ocular triads and carapace margin, closer to margin, with small transverse projection medially; anterior margin rounded, with six anterior setae; frontal process large, subtriangular, not visible in dorsal view. Median eyes and median ocular tubercle present; median ocular tubercle shallow, slightly higher than carapace surface, with pair of small setae. Lateral eyes well developed, pale, small seta posterior to each lateral ocular triad; lenses directed anteriorly and dorsally.

STERNUM. Tritosternum rounded posteriorly and projected anteriorly into large, blunt tubercle, surpassing base of pedipalp coxae, with typical setation; medial platelet (tetrasternum) with single convex platelet, with pair of large setae anteriorly, and several small setae posteriorly; third platelet (pentasternum) with single convex platelet, smaller than medial platelet, with two setae anteriorly and some setae posteriorly; metasternum with one or two anterior setae in membranous region and two or three setae posteriorly.

OPISTHOSOMA. Ventral sacs and ventral sac cover absent.

GENITALIA. Female gonopod with posterior margin of genital operculum slightly convex, several setae on surface and along margin ( Fig. 7A–B ); small sclerotized region at base of gonopods, not connected to each other; gonopods sucker-like with large disc and small openings ( Fig. 7A–B ). Male gonopod with spine-like projections over apex of fistula, LoD, and LoL2 ( Fig. 8A–B ).

CHELICERAE. Small, flat tooth in retrolateral row of basal segment. Prolateral surface with transverse row of six small setae, from ventral to dorsal. Three setae, retrolateral, retromedial, and prolateral along dorsodistal margin, near membranous region of claw. Claw with eight teeth and row of setae on retrolateral surface from base to near apex (dorsal side).

PEDIPALPS. Coxal dorsal carina with one or two small setae encircled by round carina and three setae on anterior margin. Femur with three dorsal spines in primary series; two distinct setiferous tubercles proximal to first dorsal spine; three ventral spines; large spine between ventral spine 1 and proximal margin. Patella with three dorsal spines; setiferous tubercle distal to spine I, about one fourth length of spine I; three ventral spines decreasing in size; setiferous tubercle between spine I and distal margin. Tibia with two dorsal spines; ventral spine in distal half of tibia; prominent setiferous tubercle near base of ventral spine; three long setae between spine and distal margin. Tarsus with two dorsal spines, distal spine half length of tarsus and proximal spine one-third length of distal spine. Ventral row of brush with 32–34 setae.

LEGS. Tibia of leg I with 23 articles; tarsus I with 41 articles. Leg IV basitibia with four pseudoarticles; trichobothrium bt situated in proximal third; distal apex of basitibial pseudo-articles with dark, denticulate projection; distitibia trichobothrium bc situated closer to sbf than to bf; sf and sc series each with six trichobothria; distitarsus with distinct white annulus distally on first article.

Measurements

See Table 4 .

Distribution

Known from inside and outside caves in southern Bahia, Brazil.

Natural history

Species with secondary sexual dimorphism, i.e., males exhibit longer pedipalps and larger body size.

Figures

Fig. 7. Charinus Simon, 1892, female gonopods, dorsal view (left column) and detail (right column). A–B. Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 (MNRJ 9297). C–D. Charinus palikur sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 3831]) E–F. Charinus sooretama sp. nov. (MNRJ 9245).

Fig. 8. Charinus Simon, 1892, male gonopods. A–B. Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 (MNRJ 9297), ventral view (A) and detail of dorsal lobe (LoD) and lateral lobe 1 (LoL1). C–D. Charinus brasilianus Weygoldt, 1972 (MNRJ 9226), posterior view (C) and detail of lateral lobes 1 and 2 (LoL1, 2), dorsal lobe (LoD) and lamina medialis (LaM) (D). E–H. Charinus carajas Giupponi & Miranda, 2016 (MZSP 29126), ventral view of gonopod (E), detail of sinistral side of gonopod (F), detail of LoL1 and LoD (G), and detail of LoL2 (H).

Fig. 43. Map plotting known distributions of species of Charinus Simon, 1892 in eastern South America, with inset for southeastern Brazil.