Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, 1900

Ahmed, Muhammad Z., Moore, Matthew R., Rohrig, Eric A., McKenzie, Cindy L., Liu, Di, Feng, Jinian, Normark, Benjamin B. & Miller, Douglass R., 2021, Taxonomic and identification review of adventive Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States, ZooKeys 1065, pp. 141-203 : 141

Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, 1900

Field characteristics.

First-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally or parallel sided; light to medium dark brown; longitudinal ridge conspicuous and thick. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with white secretion.

First-instar nymph.

Similar to F. fioriniae and F. phantasma in having gland spines on abdominal segment VI at least half as long as gland spine on segment VII. Fiorinia fioriniae differs by having (characters in parentheses are those of P. proboscidaria ): inner apex of large duct on head flat (rounded or mushroom like). Fiorinia phantasma differs by having (characters in parentheses are those of F. proboscidaria ): pattern of derm surrounding large duct on head globular (serpentine); inner apex of large duct on head rounded or mushroom like (flat).

Adult female.

Process between antennae without spicules, often clubbed. Head conical. Antennae close together. Macroducts usually 3-5 on each side of pygidium, thin, longer than wide, resembling microducts. Gland spines barely projecting from body margin. Gland tubercles nearly continuous along body margin from head to abdominal segment III. Microducts in medial areas of prepygidial segments dorsally and ventrally. Lateral margin of head with cluster of circular tubercles possibly representing eye.

Notes.

There are a number of species with processes between the antennae; Wei et al. (2013) included 16 species in their key to the Fiorinia species from China. Only a few have an unusually elongate interantennal process and a conical head. Fiorinia proboscidaria resembles F. biakana Williams and Watson but differs by (characters in parentheses are those of F. biakana ): space between median lobes less than width of median lobe (greater than width of lobe); macroducts ca. same width as gland spine ducts (wider than gland spine ducts); gland spines slightly protruding from derm surface (protruding at least half length of gland spine duct); gland tubercles continuous along body margin (grouped in clusters). This species also resembles F. turpiniae Takahashi but differs by (characters in parentheses are those of F. turpiniae ): trilocular pores present near the anterior spiracle (absent); gland spines short, shorter than gland spine duct (long, longer than gland spine duct). Fiorinia proboscidaria differs from F. randiae Takahashi by (characters in parentheses are those of F. randiae ): gland spines short, shorter than gland spine duct (long, longer than gland spine duct); median lobes nearly parallel (divergent). Florida specimens of F. proboscidaria are consistent with the description of Williams and Watson (1988) and Takagi (1970) except that both illustrated a lobe on each side of the head (Florida specimens lack these lobes), and that neither described the cluster of circular tubercles near the margin of the head or the ventromedial microducts anteriad of the pygidium. The illustration of Takagi has small lines at the end of the lobe on the side of the head which may be the same as the circular tubercles mentioned above, but they were not discussed in the description.

Second-instar female.

Median lobes broad, as wide as or wider than medial lobule of second lobe, projecting ca. same amount or slightly less than medial lobule of second lobes. With four pairs of marginal macroducts. Swelling of body margin adjacent to macroduct usually rounded. With three large gland spines on margin of each side of body from abdominal segments II-IV; usually with small gland spine on each side of abdominal segments V and VI; without small gland spines on abdominal segment I. With three microducts on each side of head. Longitudinal line of microducts present submarginally on venter of abdominal segments II-VI, normally with 1-5 microducts on each side of each segment. Small lobular projections on anterior of head sometimes present. Cicatrix present on dorsal submargin of abdominal segment I.

Second-instar male.

Two duct clusters on each side of body, anterior cluster without communal duct, posterior cluster composed of communal duct without associated smaller ducts. Normally, three longitudinal lines of microducts on venter of abdomen (one medial and two submarginal) occasionally with two medially forming four longitudinal lines. Without cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle. Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta.

Florida collection records.

Hillsborough Co., Tampa, December 16, 2013, on Citrus sp., J. Hoffman (2013-9087) (7 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, November 19, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Briceno (2014-859) (6 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, October 23, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Briceno (2014-7431) (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, October 30, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Briceno (2014-7574) (7 Slides); Hillsborough Co., Valrico, September 17, 2018, on Citrus x paradisi , P. Barker (2018-4907) (2 slides); Putnam Co., Palatka, October 25, 2018, on Ilex cornuta , M. Cain, T. Wright, and C. Hall (2018-5664) (2 slides); Santa Rosa Co., Gulf Breeze, January 3, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Anderson (2014-46) (3 slides).

Specimens examined for description and diagnosis.

Flagler Co., Palm Coast , June 18, 2020, on Citrus sp., M. Cain, 5 2nd ♀, (2020-2353) ; Hillsborough Co., Tampa , December 16, 2013, on Citrus sp., J. Hoffman 5 ad ♀ (2013-9087) ; Manatee Co., Bradenton , January 6, 2021, on Citrus sp., P. Kumar, 10 ad ♀ (2021-67) ; Pinellas Co., Palm Harbor , September 16, 2019, on Citrus sp. B. Rose, 2 ad ♀ (2019-5124) ; Putnam Co., Crescent City , October 2, 2019, on Citrus sp., D. Rigby, M. Cain, 5 1st (2018-5548); Putnam Co. , Crescent City, October 2, 2019, on Citrus sp., D. Rigby, M. Cain, 5 2nd ♂ (2018-5548).

Material examined from USNM.

China, Hong Kong, September 2, 1980, on Podocarpus sp., J. Dooley 1 2nd ♂, 1 prepupa, 4 ad ♀ (Los Angeles 25002) . Martinique, February 8, 2000, on Citrus aurantifolia , K. Stewart 1 2nd ♀, 1 ad ♀ ( St. Thomas 010770) .