Lycostomus, MOTSCHULSKY, 1861

Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela & Bocak, Ladislav, 2021, Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3), pp. 902-902 : 902-

LYCOSTOMUS MOTSCHULSKY, 1861

Lycostomus Motschulsky, 1861: 136 .

Type species: Lycus similis Hope, 1831 .

Diagnosis

Lycostomus is similar to Lipernes in general appearance, and these genera differ in the shape of the male genitalia. Lycostomus has a very slender and long phallus with an emarginate apex and ventro-apical membranous part.

Lipernes sp. 12, female. P, Haplolycus sp. 6 , male. Q, Haplolycus sp. 1 , male. R–Y, prothorax and head. R, Lipernes sp. 5 ; ventrally. S, Lipernes sp. 3 , dorsally. T, Lipernes sp. 2 , ventrally. U, Lipernes sp. 12, ventrally. V, Haplolycus sp. 1 , ventrally. W, X, Haplolycus sp. 6 , dorsally. Y, ditto, ventrally. Z, Lipernes sp. , abdominal terminal segments, female. AA–AR, male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views. AA, AB, Lipernes sp. 1 . AC, AD, Lipernes sp. 5 . AE, Lipernes sp. 6 . AF, Lipernes sp. 14. AG, AH, Lipernes sp. 12. AI, AJ, Lipernes perspectus Waterhouse. AK, AL , Haplolycus sp. 6 . AM, AN, Haplolycus sp. 1 . AO, AP, Haplolycus sp. 2 . AQ, AR, Haplolycus sp. 4 . Scale bars: 3 mm (A–Q), 1 mm (O–AR).

Redescription

Adults: Body slender. Head rostrate. Rostrum short to moderately long, often very stout. Pronotum widest at base, variable in shape. Elytra without sexual dimorphism, moderately dilated posteriorly in both sexes, with four indistinct costae in each elytron ( Fig. 8A–O ). Male genitalia without thorns, very slender, emarginate at apex and sometimes with membranous ventral part apically ( Fig. 8P–R ).

Distribution

Eastern part of the Palaearctic region (Russian Far East, southern Siberia, Korea, China, northern Pakistan and Afghanistan), western part of the

Palaearctic region ( Fig. 5A ; Turkey, one sp. and Algeria, one sp.) .

Remarks

Lycostomus is phenotypically very similar to Lipernes , and both genera occur sympatrically in southern and Southeast Asia. The genera differ only in the shape of male genitalia, and both of them need revision to solve the placement of the species earlier placed in Lycostomus .

Figures

Figure 5. A, the revised distribution of genera and their alpha diversity. B, the putative dispersal routes recovered by the analysis of the pruned dataset. The grey lines designate dispersal barriers that were never crossed by the Lycini.

Figure 8. General appearance. A, Lycostomus sp. 3. B, C, Lycostomus sp. 4. D–F, Lycostomus sp. 12. G, H, Lycostomus sp. 16. I, Lycostomus sp. 18. J, Lycostomus sp. 19. K, L, Lycostomus sp. 8. M, Lycostomus modestus (sp. 13). N, Lycostomus sp. 19. O, pronotum and head, Lycostomus sp. 4. P–R, male genitalia. P, Lycostomus sp. 10. Q, Lycostomus sp. 9. R, Lycostomus sp. 8. Scale bars: 3 mm (A–O); 1 mm (P–R).