Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus ( Fieber, 1864 )
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3607[1:ROSRHM]2.0.CO;2 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E3C7C44-706B-1B2E-63A5-972F9F427B18 |
treatment provided by |
Carolina |
scientific name |
Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus ( Fieber, 1864 ) |
status |
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Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus ( Fieber, 1864) View in CoL
Figures 8, 9 View Figs , 48, 51–54, 63, 64
Capsus halimocnemis Becker, 1864 View in CoL (August or September): 485 (nomen oblitum, syn. by Kerzhner, in Kerzhner and Jaczewski, 1964: 752).
Psallus View in CoL ? fuscovenosus Fieber, 1864 (November) View in CoL : 330.
Solenoxyphus crassipes Reuter, 1879: 257–258 (unnecessary new name for Psallus fuscovenosus Fieber , erroneously considered a separate species by Wagner, 1969).
Solenoxyphus reticulatus Reuter, 1900: 260–261 View in CoL (syn. by Horváth, 1903: 556).
Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus f. cruenta Stichel, 1956: 252 View in CoL . Considered by Wagner and Weber, 1964: 540 as a variety of S. lepidus View in CoL .
DIAGNOSIS: The species is easily distinguished by the characteristic reticulate color pattern on membrane. However, the palest specimens with a reduced reticulate pattern can be confused with S. punctipennis . Both S. fuscovenosus and S. punctipennis have similar color pattern on forewings, composed of minute and rather regularly distributed dots, but differ in the structure of apical process of the vesica, which is distinctly shorter and more robust in the former species.
DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Entire body surface covered only with long silver setae, usually adpressed on forewings (fig. 52), semierect on pronotum and scutellum.
COLORATION: Body greenish to pale yellow. Head and antennae uniformly pale. Pronotum, exposed part of mesoscutum and scutellum pale, often with whitish midline. Basal part of pronotum and whole or apical part of scutellum covered with minute pale brown dotting. In the palest specimens, this dotting remaining only at basal corners of pronotum or absent. Whole forewing except membrane rather regularly and very densely covered with minute gray dots. In the palest specimens dotting becomes obsolete at extreme base of wing. Diameter of dots on forewings not more than half the width of second antennal segment at base. Membrane with characteristic, but variable color pattern. Typically, larger cell and whole area along lateral margin of membrane contrastingly embrowned, the rest part with reticulate, somewhat resembling brown venation pattern (fig. 64). Smaller cell and rectangular stripe just behind apex of cuneus usually transparent. Reticulate pattern and, to a lesser extent, embrowned lateral area often reduced, sometimes very pale and barely visible or even completely absent. Loss of reticulate pattern usually occurs in specimens with wholly embrowned cells and brown edging along outer vein (fig. 63). Ventral surface pale. Femora with minute brown dotting on apical parts of dorsal surfaces and whole ventral surfaces. In the palest specimens dotting on fore- and middle femora somewhat reduced. Hind femora with well-developed dotting of same color as dots on forewings. Dots on hind femora equal in diameter to those on forewings or slightly larger. Tibia pale, with minute, but always clearly visible brown dots at bases of embrowned tibial spines.
MALE GENITALIA: Vesica as in figs. 8, 9, apical process comparatively robust and shortened, straight, nearly as long as width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange well developed. Series of teeth comparatively long, extending somewhat proximal to secondary gonopore.
STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium at least slightly surpassing hind coxae, often reaching fourth abdominal segment. Hind femora swollen in males and especially females. Females macropterous.
In males, body 3.0–3.3 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.0–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.2–1.3 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.3– 1.5 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.8–1.0 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.0–1.3 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.0– 3.8 mm.
In females, body 2.7–3.2 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.0–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.2–1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.7– 2.0 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.6–0.8 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.8–1.1 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.0– 3.9 mm.
DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia ( Hoberlandt, 1977), Turkey ( Reuter, 1900), Azerbaijan ( Kiritshenko, 1918), southern Ukraine, southern part of European Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran ( Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999). The species was also recorded from Konstantinovskaya St. (N of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan) near Kazakhstan frontier by Sahlberg (1904). S. crassipes was indicated from Tashkent ( Uzbekistan) by Reuter (1883).
HOST PLANTS: Wagner (1969) reported Camphorosma annua (Chenopodiaceae) as the host plant of S. fuscovenosus . According to his observations ( Wagner, 1975) the species has a monovoltine life cycle and imagos were found in August and September. Capsus halimocnemis Becker, 1864 was described from Halimocnemis glauca ( Chenopodiaceae , this species is currently placed in Petrosimonia ) and Halimocnemis crassifolia (junior synonym of Petrosimonia oppositifolia ). In northwestern Kazakhstan representatives of this species were collected from Halocnemum strobilaceum (Chenopodiaceae) and Petrosimonia oppositifolia , in northeastern Kazakhstan from Suaeda sp. (Chenopodiaceae) .
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lectotype of Capsus halimocnemis : Volgograd Prov.: Krasnoarmeysk [former Sarepta], Becker , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140765 About AMNH ).
Paralectotypes of Capsus halimocnemis : same label as lectotype, 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00140783–AMNH_PBI 00140786); same label as lectotype, on Halimocnemis glauca 53 (AMNH_PBI 00140778–AMNH_PBI 00140782), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00140776–AMNH_PBI 00140777, AMNH_PBI 00140787–AMNH_PBI 00140790); same label as lectotype, sweeping on Halimocnemis glauca & H. oppositifolia 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00140766–AMNH_PBI 00140775).
Additional material: AUSTRIA: Burgenland, Illmitz , 20 Aug 1960, 2♀, without USI label ( JR) . HUNGARY: Dorosma , 19 Aug 1887, 23, without USI label ( MNHN) . KAZAKHSTAN: Atyrau Prov.: mouth of Ural River, Island nr channels Zolotaya and Zaroslaya , 29 Jul 1934, Petrov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140753 About AMNH ) . Karaganda Prov. : 40 km S of Atasu [Zhana-Arka], 03 Jun 1960, I. M. Kerzhner, Suaeda sp. , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00137103 About AMNH ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137104 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) . Suaeda sp. , 93 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140798 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140801 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140812 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140816 About AMNH ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140804 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140806 About AMNH ) . Kostanay Prov.: 250 km S Kustanai, Ak-Suat Lake , 01 Aug 1935, Formozov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140857 About AMNH ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140874 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140877 About AMNH ) . Kyzylorda Prov.: 30 km SE of Turkistan, Ajak-kol Lake , 14 May 1994, F. Konstantinov, Suaeda sp. , 173 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140808 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140810 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140843 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140852 About AMNH ) , 17♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140830 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140842 About AMNH ) . Dzhulek [Zhulek], 01 May 1909 – 01 Jun 1909, Kozhanchikov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140752 About AMNH ) . Mangistau Prov.: Kizyl-Tash, coast of Kaydak Gulf , Caspian sea, 12 Aug 1934, Rezvoy, 13( AMNH _ PBI 00140881 About AMNH ) ; 29 Jul 1934, Rezvoy, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140858 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140859 About AMNH ) . West Kazakhstan Prov.: Khaki nr Urda , 03 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140807 About AMNH ) . Saikhin , 30 Jun 1961, I. M. Kerzhner, Petrosimonia oppositifolia , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137105 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) ; 30 Jun 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140819 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140824 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140829 About AMNH ) Petrosimonia oppositifolia , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140802 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140803 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140826 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140828 About AMNH ) Halocnemum strobilaceum , 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140791 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140797 About AMNH ) , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140820 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140823 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140825 About AMNH ) . ROMANIA: Valachie : Laeu Saral, Montadon, 13, without USI label ( MNHN) . RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Astrakhan Prov.: 100 km SW Astrakhan, 15 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, annual Chenopodiaceae , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140855 About AMNH ) . El’ton Lake , 05 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, annual Chenopodiaceae , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140854 About AMNH ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140853 About AMNH ) . Dagestan Rep.: Makhachkala [former Petrovsk], 27 Jul 1926, Ryabov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140879 About AMNH ) . Krasnodar Terr.: Novonikolaevskaya Stanitsa , 29 Jun 1934, Rysakov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140890 About AMNH ) . Orenburg Prov.: Left bank of Ural River, Verkhnedneprovka , 17 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140896 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140897 About AMNH ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140888 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140889 About AMNH ) . TURKEY: 50 km S of Aksaray, 07 Aug 1963, Linnavuori, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00137127 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00137128 About AMNH ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137129 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) . TURKMENISTAN: Ashgabat [ Askhabad ], 06 May 1932, E. Kuznetsova, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140878 About AMNH ) . Kara-Bogaz , 40 km N Gyzylarbat [Kizyl-Arvat], 07 May 1953, Odintsova, Light Trap, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140880 About AMNH ) . UKRAINE: Nr Primorsk [former Nogaisk], 24 Jun 1940, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140895 About AMNH ) . Potoki nr Kremenchuk , 10 Jul 1940, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140884 About AMNH ) ;. 10 Aug 1939 – 11 Aug 1939, Lukyanovich, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140885 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140887 About AMNH ) . Solenyi Liman nr Znamenka , Dnepropetrovsk Distr., 16 Jul 1939, Lukyanovich, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137101 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00137102 About AMNH ). ( AMNH) . 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140866 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140867 About AMNH ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140861 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140864 About AMNH ) ; 20 Jun 1940, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140868 About AMNH ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140860 About AMNH ) . Zanki nr Zmiyev [Zmiev], 08 Jul 1940, Lukyanovich, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140882 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140883 About AMNH ) . Crimea: Eupatoria , 27 Jul 1902, V.E. Jakovlev, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140785 About AMNH ) . Kerch , 19 Aug 1918, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140817 About AMNH ) ; 09 Jul 1918, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140818 About AMNH ) ; 02 Sep 1917, A. N. Kiritshenko, 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140869 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140873 About AMNH ) ; 05 Sep 1917, A. N. Kiritshenko, 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140856 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00140869 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140873 About AMNH ) .
Solenoxyphus halocnemi ( Putshkov, 1984) View in CoL new comb.
Figures 6, 7 View Figs , 60
Leucopterum halocnemi Putshkov, 1984: 28 .
DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the large dimensions, presence of dark setae, regular minute dotting on dorsum and vesica structure. Close to S. pallens but differs in larger size and darker dotting on forewings. Vesica in S. halocnemi , unlike S. pallens , has welldeveloped series of teeth running to base of apical process.
DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Setae on head, pronotum, scutellum, and ventral surface silver. Forewings with silver setae only at bases and laterally while the entire surface of wing covered with straight adpressed pale brown setae.
COLORATION: Body (fig. 60) greenish to pale yellow. Head and antennae pale, without any color pattern. Pronotum and scutellum pale yellow, usually with greenish basal and apical parts. Clavus, corium and cuneus yellow, whole-colored, covered with remarkably minute and depressed pale brown dots. Dotting on forewings regularly distributed, discolored or absent only at extreme base of wing and basal part of cuneus. Membrane wholly transparent or slightly embrowned, in one female from Kazakhstan with distinctly embrowned cells. Thorax, legs, and abdomen uniformly pale, without any markings. Tibial spines gently embrowned.
MALE GENITALIA: Vesica robust, as in figs. 6 and 7. Apical process long and acute, tapering, with somewhat curved apex, longer than width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange narrow, but distinctly sclerotized. Series of teeth extending from area proximal to secondary gonopore to base of apical process.
STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium slightly surpassing middle coxae, darkened apically. Hind femora comparatively thin in males, somewhat swollen in females. Females macropterous.
In males, body 3.0–3.1 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.0–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.1–1.2 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.9 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.2 X as long as width of head. Body length: 4.8– 5.0 mm.
In females, body 2.3–2.4 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.1–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.3–1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.5 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.6– 0.7 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.9 X as long as width of head. Body length: 4.1– 4.3 mm.
NOTE: This species was hitherto known only from the type locality (Molla-Kara near Dzhebel ( Turkmenistan), where it was collected from Halocnemum strobilaceum . Twelve specimens from Shekaftar ( Kyrgyzstan) and Balhash railway station ( Kazakhstan), which were collected from Anabasis truncata , were revealed during this study. All the specimens were found to be indistinguishable from the type series in measurements, ratios, color pattern, vestiture, and structure of the male genitalia (figs. 6, 7). These specimens are herein identified as S. halocnemi . Apparently, more extensive material is needed to clarify the interrelationships and host associations in S. pallens group of species.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan *, Kyrgyzstan *, Turkmenistan, and Mongolia *.
HOST PLANTS: Halocnemum strobilaceum , Anabasis truncata (Chenopodiaceae) .
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Paratypes: TURK- MENISTAN: Dzhebel, 16 Sep 1976, Putshkov, Halocnemum strobilaceum , 13, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140676 About AMNH ). Mollakara, 18 Sep 1976, Putshkov, Halocnemum strobilaceum , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140674 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI
00140677). KAZAKHSTAN: Karaganda Prov. : 12 km E Balqash [Balhash], 18 Jun 1962, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140673 About AMNH ) . KYRGYZSTAN: Shekaftar, Fergana valley , 19 Jun 1966, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata , 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140668 About AMNH ) 7♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140670 About AMNH – AMNH _ PBI 00140672 About AMNH ) . MONGOLIA: Hovd Aimak: Lower of Bodonchin-Gol River, 20 km SW Bor- Udzuur [Altai somon], 04 Aug 1968, Emeljanov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140675 About AMNH ) .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Order |
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Family |
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Genus |
Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus ( Fieber, 1864 )
Konstantinov, Fedor V. 2008 |
Leucopterum halocnemi
Putshkov, V. G. 1984: 28 |
Capsus halimocnemis
Kerzhner, I. M. & T. L. Jaczewski 1964: 752 |
Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus f. cruenta
Wagner, E. & H. H. Weber 1964: 540 |
Stichel, W. 1956: 252 |
Solenoxyphus reticulatus
Horvath, G. 1903: 556 |
Reuter, O. M. 1900: 261 |
Solenoxyphus crassipes
Reuter, O. M. 1879: 258 |