Solenoxyphus lepidus ( Puton, 1874 )

Konstantinov, Fedor V., 2008, Review of Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3607 (1), pp. 1-44 : 27-33

Solenoxyphus lepidus ( Puton, 1874)

Figures 13–15 , 49, 62, 65

Macrocoleus lepidus Puton, 1874: 222–223 .

Solenoxyphus parvulus Reuter, 1894: 141–142 (syn. by V.G. Putshkov, 1978: 470).

Compsidolon gobicus Nonnaizab and Yang, 1994: 17–18 (syn. by Qi and Nonnaizab, 1995: 227).

Solenoxyphus minor Wagner, 1969: 73–75 (n. sp.) n. syn.

DIAGNOSIS: Solenoxyphus lepidus is undoubtedly closely related to S. alkani and S. artemisiae . This group of species can be easily recognized by the color pattern of femora. Dots on hind femora are at least 1.5–2 X as large as and contrastingly darker than those on forewings in all three species. S. alkani can be distinguished from other species by the large eyes, larger body length and short labium. S. artemisiae is barely distinguishable from S. lepidus by external characters, but differs in the structure of vesica. The apical process of vesica is short and robust in the former species, long and thin in the latter.

DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Entire body surface covered only with silver, remarkably long, semierect, slightly curved or straight setae.

COLORATION: Body pale yellow to greenish (figs. 62, 65). Head and antennae uniformly pale. Inner surface of first antennal segment often with two minute dark dots at bases of strong subapical setae. Pronotum, exposed part of mesoscutum and scutellum usually without dark markings, often with indistinct narrow whitish median stripe. Basal part of pronotum, base and apex of scutellum sometimes covered with minute brown dots; rarely entire pronotum and scutellum with minute dotting. Forewings with variable color pattern, covered with somewhat irregularly distributed brown dots. Diameter of the largest dots on forewings 0.5–1.0 X the width of second antennal segment at base. Typically, apical part of clavus, area along claval comissure, and medioapical part of corium with dense, at times confluent, dotting. Dotting on forewings becoming sparser and paler basally and laterally. In the palest specimens, dotting at bases and lateral sides of forewing absent. Rarely, whole clavus and corium covered with dense dotting. Claval commisure usually slightly darkened. Lateroapical angle of corium usually embrowned. Cuneus usually with minute brown or reddish dots apically and along inner margin, often without dotting at all. Apical part of cuneus or at least inner cuneal margin usually reddish or embrowned. Basal part of cuneus devoid of dots or with a few obsolete and discolored dots, exceptionally with regular dotting. Membrane whitish, typically with indistinctly bordered embrowned area around outer vein, distinct wedge-shaped embrowned lateral spot separated from apex of cuneus by transparent rectangular stripe and small spot adjacent to apex of cuneus. Smaller cell and veins usually whitish. Spot along apex of cuneus and, rarely, wedge-shaped spot hardly visible or even absent in the palest specimens. Ventral surface pale. All femora apically covered with large brown dots. Dotting on fore- and middle femora sparse, becoming denser on ventral surface of femora. Dorsal surfaces of hind femora with series of large, remarkably dark brown dots apically and along foremargin. Dots on hind femora typically 2–4 X as large as those on forewings. Ventral surfaces of hind femora densely covered with dark brown dots often fused into transverse stripes. Tibia with brown dots at bases of tibial spines. In the palest specimens, these dots indistinct at foretibia, but always clearly visible at hind ones. Tibial spines pale or very slightly embrowned.

MALE GENITALIA: Vesica as in figs. 13–15. Apical process long, thin, and acute, with somewhat curved apex, distinctly longer than width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange reduced. Series of teeth not extending proximal or distal to secondary gonopore.

STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium greatly surpassing hind coxae, nearly always reaching fourth abdominal segment. Hind femora distinctly swollen. Females macropterous. Tarsi as in fig. 49.

In males, body 2.8–3.2 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 1.9–2 X as wide as long, 1.4–1.5 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.4–1.5 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.7–0.8 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.0–1.1 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.0– 3.8 mm.

In females, body 2.8–3.1 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 1.9–2.0 X as wide as long, 1.3–1.5 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.5– 1.7 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.7–0.8 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.0–1.1 X as long as width of head. Body length: 2.8–3.8 mm.

NOTE: According to the original description ( Wagner, 1969), S. minor is undoubtedly related to S. lepidus , but differs in the smaller size, narrower vertex, distinctions in color pattern of the membrane, and absence of reddish markings on cuneus. The latter point was of crucial significance for Wagner. His diagnosis of S. lepidus was based on the color pattern of cuneus, i.e., presence of reddish markings on its apical part and absence of brown dotting. Examination of a considerable number of specimens of S. lepidus from various localities shows that reddish markings on cuneus can be absent although they are typical for most specimens. Moreover, the darkest specimens from different localities have well-developed brown dotting in the apical part or even the whole cuneus may be covered with brown dots. Even the lectotype of S. lepidus has minute, but clearly recognizable brown dots in the apical part of cuneus. No distinctions were found in the structure of the vesica (fig. 15), color pattern of membrane, and ratios. All examined specimens of S. minor have minute brown dotting on pronotum, exposed part of mesoscutum, and scutellum; dark brown dots on hind femora only 1.5–2.0 X as large as those on forewings. Both features are atypical for S. lepidus , but occur in some specimens. The original description of S. lepidus by Puton (1874) was based on a male from Sarepta (now Krasnoarmeysk near Volgograd, Russia) designated as lectotype by Wagner (1969) and a series of paralectotypes collected at Balaruc (Hérault, France) from Camphorosma monspeliaca . Solenoxyphus minor was originally described from St. Gabriel (Chaine des Alpines, France) and collected from the same host plant. On the grounds of the foregoing discussion S. minor is synonymized with S. lepidus .

DISTRIBUTION: Spain, France, Macedonia ( Göllner-Scheiding, 1978), Romania ( Sienkiewicz, 1964), Algeria ( Eckerlein and Wagner, 1965), southern part of European Russia, Armenia *, Ukraine, European and Asian parts of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan *, Turkmenistan *, eastern Siberia, Mongolia, and northern and northwestern China (Nonnaizab and Yang, 1994; Qi and Nonnaizab, 1996).

HOST PLANTS: Kochia prostrata (Astrakhan Prov. and Tuva), Kochia arenaria ( Wagner, 1969, Kursk Prov.), Camphorosma sp. (Astrakhan Prov.). Putshkov (1971) indicated Kochia prostrata and K. laniflora as host plants for S. parvulus in Ukraine. S. minor was described from Camphorosma monspeliaca ( Wagner, 1969) . All these host plants belong to the family Chenopodiaceae , but Qi and Nonnaizab (1996) indicated Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae) as the host plant for S. lepidus in northwestern China. Three specimens were taken on Pyrethrum kasachstanicum . ( Asteraceae ) in Karaganda Prov. of Kazakhstan. All records from Asteraceae are considered sitting records.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lectotype of Macrocoleus lepidus : RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Volgograd Prov.: without locality label [Sarepta, Becker], 13, without USI label ( MNHN) . Lectotype of Solenoxyphus parvulus: Sarepta [Becker], 1♀, without USI label ( MNHN) . Paralectotypes of Macrocoleus lepidus : FRANCE: Balaruc , 23, 4♀, without USI label ( MNHN) .

Additional material: ARMENIA: Metsamor [former Kamarlu] Railway Station , 21 Aug 1931, Korinek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142093 ) ; 06 Aug 1931, Korinek, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142075 , AMNH _ PBI 00142076 ) ; 07 Aug 1931, Korinek, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142088 – AMNH _ PBI 00142090 ) , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142077 , AMNH _ PBI 00142104 – AMNH _ PBI 00142107 ) ; 12 Aug 1931, Korinek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142091 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142108 ) ; 05 Aug 1931, Korinek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142092 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142109 ) ; 31 May 1931, Korinek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142094 ) ; 17 May 1931, Korinek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142095 ) ; 24 May 1931, Korinek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142096 ) ; 15 Aug 1931, Korinek, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142097 , AMNH _ PBI 00142098 ) . FRANCE: Camargue , 8 Jul 1985, A. Carapezza, 13, without USI label ( AC) . KAZAKHSTAN: Akmola Prov.: At the confluence of the Dzhanama-Karas and Sarysu , 23 Jul 1903, Petrovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141861 ) . Eskeneyskie Mts , 15 Jul 1903, Petrovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141848 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141849 , AMNH _ PBI 00141850 ) . Almaty Prov.: 30 km N Ala lake [ Alakol ], 21 Jul 1930, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141988 ) . 4 km S of Sarqant [ Sarkand ], 09 Jun 1957, I. M. Kerzhner, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142206 ) . Kendyrlyk SW Zaysan lake , 13 Sep 1946, Kryzhanovskij, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142324 ) . Taldyqorqhan [Taldy- Kurgan] distr., 50 km W Mulaly, 15 Jul 1957, I. M. Kerzhner, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142344 ) . Zailiyskiy Alatau range, Dzhasyl-Kul , 15 Jul 1973, Kushakov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141993 ) . Valley of B. Almaatinka River, Priyutskaya koloniya, 29 Aug 1928, Shnitnikov, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142302 – AMNH _ PBI 00142304 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142305 , AMNH _ PBI 00142306 ) . Atyrau Prov.: Atyrau [Gur’ev], lower of Ural river , 31 Jul 1934, Rezvoy, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142329 , AMNH _ PBI 00142330 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142331 ) . Imankara N lower of Emba River , 15 Jun 1932, Lukyanovich, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142318 , AMNH _ PBI 00142319 ) . East Kazakhstan Prov.: Arten-tau Mts W Kokpekty, Zaysan , 13 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141992 ) . Burkhatka picket, Zaysan , Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142321 ) . Maqanchi nr Alakol lake , 24 Jul 1930, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141991 ) . Zaisan, Kokpekty , 09 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141862 , AMNH _ PBI 00141864 ) , 12♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141871 , AMNH _ PBI 00141873 , AMNH _ PBI 00141876 , AMNH _ PBI 00141894 – AMNH _ PBI 00141895 , AMNH _ PBI 00141961 – AMNH _ PBI 00141967 ) ; 10 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141863 , AMNH _ PBI 00141889 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141878 , AMNH _ PBI 00141891 – AMNH _ PBI 00141892 ) ; 11 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 83 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141881 – AMNH _ PBI 00141888 ) , 9♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141865 , AMNH _ PBI 00141867 – AMNH _ PBI 00141870 , AMNH _ PBI 00141872 , AMNH _ PBI 00141875 , AMNH _ PBI 00141877 , AMNH _ PBI 00141879 ) ; 26 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141866 , AMNH _ PBI 00141874 ) ; 16 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141890 ) ; 14 Jun 1930, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141893 ) . Karaganda Prov. : 40 km S of Atasu [Zhana-Arka], 23 Jun 1960, I. M. Kerzhner, Pyrethrum kasachstanicum , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142307 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142312 , AMNH _ PBI 00142313 ) ; 18 Jul 1960, I. M. Kerzhner, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142308 ) . Karaganda Prov. , 6 km W raz’ezd, 04 Jun 1961, Emeljanov, 13( AMNH _ PBI 00142349 ) . Kostanay Prov.: 250 km S Kustanai, Ak-Suat Lake , 29 Jul 1946, Formozov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141974 ) , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141859 – AMNH _ PBI 00141860 , AMNH _ PBI 00141972 – AMNH _ PBI 00141973 , AMNH _ PBI 00141975 ) ; 15 Jul 1935 – 16 Jul 1935, Formozov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141969 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141970 – AMNH _ PBI 00141971 , AMNH _ PBI 00141974 ) ; 25 Jun 1946, Formozov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141968 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141976 ) . Balykty Lake , 08 Sep 1931, Lukyanovich, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141844 , AMNH _ PBI 00141845 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141846 ) . North Kazakhstan Prov.: Kokshetau, nr Tersakkan River, W Akmolinsk , 28 Jul 1957, Rudolf, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142509 ) . Pavlodar Prov.: Lebyazhye, Ust-Kamenogorsk , 19 Aug 1930, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141990 ) . West Kazakhstan Prov.: Dzhanybek st. , 28 Jun 1961, I. M. Kerzhner, 23( AMNH _ PBI 00141978 , AMNH _ PBI 00141981 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141982 , AMNH _ PBI 00141984 – AMNH _ PBI 00141985 ) Salsola laricina , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141983 ) ; 26 Jun 1961, I. M. Kerzhner, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141977 , AMNH _ PBI 00141979 – AMNH _ PBI 00141980 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141986 , AMNH _ PBI 00141987 ) ; 03 Aug 2003, O. Hruleva, 163 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142019 – AMNH _ PBI 00142025 , AMNH _ PBI 00142039 – AMNH _ PBI 00142047 ) , 16♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142031 – AMNH _ PBI 00142038 , AMNH _ PBI 00142052 – AMNH _ PBI 00142059 ) ; 06 Aug 2003, O. Hruleva, 253 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142048 – AMNH _ PBI 00142051 , AMNH _ PBI 00142064 – AMNH _ PBI 00142074 , AMNH _ PBI 00142078 – AMNH _ PBI 00142087 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142060 – AMNH _ PBI 00142063 ) . Yanvartsevo, right bank of Ural River , 02 Sep 1949, A. N. Kiritshenko, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142325 , AMNH _ PBI 00142327 – AMNH _ PBI 00142328 ) ; 09 Sep 1949, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142326 ) . Zhambul Prov.: Karasay St. N Shu [Chu], 16 Jul 1960, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, Kochia prostrata , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142314 , AMNH _ PBI 00142315 ) . Muyunkum Sands, Kargaly-kol’ Lake , 22 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 203 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142214 – AMNH _ PBI 00142220 , AMNH _ PBI 00142234 – AMNH _ PBI 00142236 , AMNH _ PBI 00142238 – AMNH _ PBI 00142247 ) , 8♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142221 – AMNH _ PBI 00142228 ) ; 15 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 193 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142248 – AMNH _ PBI 00142256 , AMNH _ PBI 00142260 – AMNH _ PBI 00142269 ) , 17♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142230 – AMNH _ PBI 00142233 , AMNH _ PBI 00142273 – AMNH _ PBI 00142285 ) ; 21 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142237 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142351 , AMNH _ PBI 00142352 ) ; 18 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142360 , AMNH _ PBI 00142361 ) , 8♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142229 , AMNH _ PBI 00142357 – AMNH _ PBI 00142359 , AMNH _ PBI 00142362 – AMNH _ PBI 00142364 , AMNH _ PBI 00142374 ) ; 23 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142353 ) ; 24 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142354 , AMNH _ PBI 00142355 ) ; 25 May 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142356 ) . KYRGYZSTAN: Karakol [Przhevalsk], Issyk-kol lake , 04 Sep 1942, Lubishev, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142334 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142332 , AMNH _ PBI 00142333 ) . Nr Karakol [Przhevalsk], Toguz-Torau , 19 Aug 1928, V. Kuznetsov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142510 ) . MONGOLIA: East Govi Aimak : 25 km E Shokhoy-nur, 03 Aug 1971, Emeljanov, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141905 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141905 ) . Govialtay Aimak: W foothills of Ikhe- Bogdo , 19 Aug 1926, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141998 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142000 , AMNH _ PBI 00142001 ) ; 15 Aug 1926, A. N. Kiritshenko, 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141994 – AMNH _ PBI 00141997 ) ; 16 Aug 1926, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142002 ) . RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Astrakhan Prov.: 100 km SW Astrakhan , 15 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142202 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142203 – AMNH _ PBI 00142205 ) Kochia prostrata , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142167 ) . Baskunchak Lake nr Bolshoe Bogdo Mt. , 07 Jun 1937 – 08 Jun 1937, Lukyanovich, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142150 – AMNH _ PBI 00142151 , AMNH _ PBI 00142320 ) ; 08 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142169 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142168 , AMNH _ PBI 00142170 ) . El’ton Lake , 05 Jul 1961, Emeljanov and Kerzhner, Camphorosma sp. , 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142154 , AMNH _ PBI 00142155 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142152 , AMNH _ PBI 00142153 ) . Tinaki , 28 Jul 1917, Doinikov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142508 ) . Belgorod Prov.: Borisovka on Vorskla River , 23 Aug 1940, Korinek, Kochia arenaria , 113 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142100 – AMNH _ PBI 00142103 , AMNH _ PBI 00142143 – AMNH _ PBI 00142149 ) , 43♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142099 , AMNH _ PBI 00142111 – AMNH _ PBI 00142126 , AMNH _ PBI 00142128 – AMNH _ PBI 00142142 , AMNH _ PBI 00142156 – AMNH _ PBI 00142166 ) . Buryatia Rep.: SE Zabaikayle, Borgoy , coast of salt lake, 19 Jul 1928, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141959 ) . Dagestan Rep.: Budennovsk , 07 Jun 1935, Lyubishchev, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141847 ) . Buyanaksk [Temir-Khan-Shura], 22 Jun 1925, A. N. Kiritshenko, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142335 – AMNH _ PBI 00142337 ) . Kochubey [Chernuy Rynok] former Kyzlyar prov. , 19 May 1925, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141761 ) . Malaya Areshevka , 01 Jun 1925, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142316 ) . Khakassia Rep.: Abakan , 11 Aug 1964, I. M. Kerzhner, Kochia prostrata , 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142208 – AMNH _ PBI 00142213 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142200 , AMNH _ PBI 00142201 ) . Kursk Prov.: Streletskaya Steppe , 04 Jul 1922, S. Medvedev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141880 ) . Orenburg Prov.: Bazuluk Nature Reserve , 08 Jul 1941, Chostovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142347 ) . Elshanka , 60 km S Orenburg, 24 Jul 1933, L. Zimin, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142300 , AMNH _ PBI 00142301 ) . Left bank of Ural River, Verkhnedneprovka , 17 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142296 , AMNH _ PBI 00142299 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142292 ) ; 04 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141921 ) ; 11 Aug 1934, L. Zimin, 53 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141919 – AMNH _ PBI 00141920 , AMNH _ PBI 00142293 – AMNH _ PBI 00142295 ) , 7♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141909 , AMNH _ PBI 00141911 , AMNH _ PBI 00141922 – AMNH _ PBI 00141926 ) ; 18 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141918 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141930 , AMNH _ PBI 00141931 ) ; 21 Aug 1934, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141917 ) ; 28 Aug 1934, L. Zimin, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141915 , AMNH _ PBI 00141916 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141934 , AMNH _ PBI 00141935 ) ; 02 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141910 , AMNH _ PBI 00141913 – AMNH _ PBI 00141914 , AMNH _ PBI 00142291 ) ; 12 Aug 1934, L. Zimin, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141927 ) ; 17 Jul 1934, L. Zimin, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141928 , AMNH _ PBI 00141929 ) ; 21 Jul 1932 – 27 Jul 1932, L. Zimin, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141932 , AMNH _ PBI 00141933 ) . Nr Orenburg , 06 Jun 1924, A.I. Ivanov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141960 ) ; 12 Sep 1924, A.I. Ivanov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142346 ) . Saratov Prov.: Between rivers Bolshoy and Malyy Uzen , 07 Sep 1931, Lukyanovich, 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141851 – AMNH _ PBI 00141854 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141855 – AMNH _ PBI 00141858 ) . Dyakovka 25 km S Krasniy Kut, 22 Jun 1961, I. M. Kerzhner, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141988 ) . Lysaya Mt. nr Saratov , 28 Sep 1935, Lukyanovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142127 ) . Saratov , 25 Sep 1932, Lukyanovich, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142323 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142322 ) . Stavropol Terr.: Manych, former ulus Bolshoy Derbet , 22 Jul 1914, B.P. Uvarov, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142342 , AMNH _ PBI 00142343 ) . Tuva Rep.: Erzin , 16 Aug 1964, I. M. Kerzhner, Kochia prostrata , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142195 – AMNH _ PBI 00142199 ) . Kyzyl , 13 Aug 1964, I. M. Kerzhner, Kochia prostrata , 153 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142171 – AMNH _ PBI 00142175 , AMNH _ PBI 00142182 – AMNH _ PBI 00142191 ) , 8♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142176 – AMNH _ PBI 00142181 , AMNH _ PBI 00142193 – AMNH _ PBI 00142194 ) . S slopes of E Tanu-Ola Mts., nr Samagaltai , H51400- 1800 m, 26 May – 15 Jun 2004, S.N. Vashchenko, 1♀, without USI label ( AC) . Volgograd Prov.: Krasnoarmeysk [former Sarepta], Becker, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141938 , AMNH _ PBI 00141939 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141940 – AMNH _ PBI 00141943 ) ; Voronezh Prov.: Savala forestry, Ternovka , 04 Aug 1953, Stark, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142340 , AMNH _ PBI 00142341 ) . SPAIN: Catalonia: Segria`: Albatàrres , 30 Aug 1975, J. Ribes, 13, without USI label ( JR) . Alfés , 4 Jun 1995, J. Ribes, 13, without USI label ( JR) . Lleida , 3 Nov 1963, J Ribes, 1♀, without USI label ( JR) . TURKMENISTAN: Bala-Ishtem , 25 Jun 1989, Semenov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141764 ) . UKRAINE: Askania-Nova Nature Reserve , 18 Sep 1930, Medvedev, 13( AMNH _ PBI 00141754 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141759 ) ; 22 Sep 1930, Medvedev, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141756 ) ; 27 Sep 1930, Medvedev, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141755 ) ; 28 Sep 1930, Medvedev, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141753 , AMNH _ PBI 00141757 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141758 ) . Donskaya balka, Viktorovka , 02 Jul 1922, A. N. Kiritshenko, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141944 , AMNH _ PBI 00141951 – AMNH _ PBI 00141952 ) , 12♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141945 – AMNH _ PBI 00141950 , AMNH _ PBI 00141953 – AMNH _ PBI 00141958 ) . Odessa, Hadzhib, Liman , 15 May 1928, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142427 ) ; 12 Aug 1920, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142428 ) . Odessa, Hadzhib, Liman , salt-marsh, 28 Sep 1922, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142429 ) . Odessa, Kuyalnitskiy Liman , 18 Sep 1920, A. N. Kiritshenko, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00137117 – AMNH _ PBI 00137119 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00137114 – AMNH _ PBI 00137116 ) ( AMNH) . 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142383 , AMNH _ PBI 00142384 ) , 18♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142365 – AMNH _ PBI 00142382 ) ; 16 Sep 1920, A. N. Kiritshenko, 263 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142387 – AMNH _ PBI 00142400 , AMNH _ PBI 00142414 – AMNH _ PBI 00142425 ) , 15♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142385 – AMNH _ PBI 00142386 , AMNH _ PBI 00142401 – AMNH _ PBI 00142413 ) ; 02 Aug 1920, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142426 ) . Odessa, Kuyalnitskiy liman, Hadzhib , 19 Jul 1920, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142433 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142432 ) ; 05 Jun 1922, A. N. Kiritshenko, 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142435 – AMNH _ PBI 00142441 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142434 ) . Odessa, Luzanovka , 02 May 1920, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13( AMNH _ PBI 00142431 ) . Provalye , 01 Sep 1947, Medvedev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142507 ) ; 03 Sep 1947, Medvedev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142350 ) . Snigirevka on Ingulets River , 19 Jul 1923, A. N. Kiritshenko, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142338 , AMNH _ PBI 00142339 ) . Stanitsa Luganskaya nr Lugansk , 25 Aug 1928, Galitskiy, 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142297 – AMNH _ PBI 00142298 , AMNH _ PBI 00142309 – AMNH _ PBI 00142310 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142311 ) . Veselyi Podol , 13 Jul 1951, Putshkov, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142286 , AMNH _ PBI 00142430 ) ; 20 Jul 1951, Putshkov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142287 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141724 , AMNH _ PBI 00142288 – AMNH _ PBI 00142290 ) . Crimea: Agarmish Mt. , A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141762 ) . Kerch , V. Jakovlev coll., 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141765 ) ; 24 Jul 1908, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141937 ) ; 01 Sep 1907, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00142317 ) . Planerskoye [Koktebel], 28 Jul 1907, N. Pliginski, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141760 ) ; 08 Jun 1904, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141912 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141936 ) . Saki , 14 Aug 1910, N. Pliginski, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141763 ) . UZBEKISTAN: Fergana Valley: Gava , 05 Sep 1928 – 06 Sep 1928, V. Kuznetsov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142348 ) . W Chust, Almas , 08 Sep 1928, V. Kuznetsov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00142345 ) .

Solenoxyphus loginovae ( Putshkov, 1976) , new comb.

Figures 5 , 61

Leucopterum loginovae Putshkov, 1976: 1137–1138 .

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the comparatively large and irregularly distributed dots on forewings, faint dotting on hind femora, absence of dark setae on dorsum, and vesica with well-developed series of teeth extending proximally and distally to secondary gonopore. Close to S. adspersum , but differs in the pale tibial spines, long labium, and structure of the vesica. Somewhat resembles S. pallens but differs in the longer labium, irregular dotting on forewings, and absence of pale brown setae on clavus and corium.

DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Body covered only with silver setae, but cuneus in one specimen with distinctly infuscated setae.

COLORATION: Body (fig. 61) pale yellow, naturally greenish. Head, antennae, pronotum, and scutellum without any dark markings. Basal part of pronotum and apex of scutellum usually greenish. Forewings pale yellow; area along inner claval margins, exocorium (except very apex) and base of cuneus whitish. Whitish areas of forewings devoid of any dots, or covered with few minute and pale ones. Remainder of forewings irregularly covered with comparatively large, pale brown dots. Membrane milky hyaline, with slightly embrowned and indistinctly bordered area at middle. Legs pale; femora apically covered with pale brown dots. Dots sparse on fore- and middle femora, rather well marked on hind ones. Tibiae pale, with pale spines.

MALE GENITALIA: Vesica as in fig. 5, comparatively robust. Apical process long and acute, gradually becoming thinner, with distinctly curved apex, at least twice as long as width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange poorly developed. Series of teeth extending proximally and distally to secondary gonopore. Areas proximal to secondary gonopore and at extreme base of apical process covered with minute denticles.

STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium long, extending far beyond hind coxae, reaching sixth or seventh abdominal segment. Hind femora not swollen in either sex. Females macropterous.

In males, body 3.4 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.3 X as wide as long, 1.5 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.3 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 1.1 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.6 X as long as width of head. Body length: 4.2 mm.

In females, body 2.8–3.3 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 1.8–2.0 X as wide as long, 1.3–1.5 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.3– 1.6 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.9–1.0 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.3 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.9–4.1 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality— Repetek ( Turkmenistan) .

HOSTS AND NATURAL HISTORY: Solenoxyphus loginovae was originally collected and described by Putshkov (1976) from Suaeda schrenkiana ( Chenopodiaceae , junior synonym of Kochia odontoptera ). Kaplin (1993) provided some notes on the natural history of the species, based on long-term observations in the Repetek Nature Reserve. Solenoxyphus loginovae is a bivoltine species with summerwinter egg diapause and feeds on Kochia odontoptera as well as on Londesia eriantha (Chenopodiaceae) . The first instar larvae of the first generation appeared in early April, during vegetative growth of both host plants. The second generation appeared in early May, at the period of flowering and fructification of host plants. The second generation adults were found in early June. The species was collected in an average quantity of 0.2–0.4 specimens per plant. A female lays up to 10 eggs.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Paratypes: TURK- MENISTAN: Repetek, 25 May 1976, Putshkov, 13, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141184 ) .

Additional material: Repetek, 02 Jun 1962, Trjapitzin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141181 ) ; 21 Jun 1972, Kaplin, Haloxylon persicum , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141182 ) ; 24 Jun 1976, Kaplin, Kochia odontoptera , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141183 ) .

Figures

Figs. 8–18. Vesica, ventral view: 8–9, Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus: 8, Kazakhstan: Saykhin, on Halocnemum strobilaceum; 9, Ukraine: Kerch. 10–11. S. adspersus: 10, Turkmenistan: Repetek (Hohlbeck); 11, Uzbekistan: Derbent. 12, S. punctipennis, Azerbaijan: Turut steppe. 13–15, S. lepidus: 13, Kazakhstan: Muyunkum sands; 14, Mongolia: Gobi Altai Aimak; 15, Spain: Alfés. 16, S. artemisiae, Uzbekistan, holotype. 17–18, S. alkani: 17, Armenia, holotype of S. markevichi; 18, Turkey, paratype.

Figs. 1–7. Vesica, ventral view: 1, Solenoxyphus candidatus (Kazakhstan: Karasay st.); 2, S. nanophyti (Tuva, paratype); 3–4, S. asanovae (Kazakhstan: Koksengir, paratype); 5, S. loginovae (Turkmenistan: Repetek, paratype); 6–7, S. halocnemi: 6, Kyrgyzstan, on Anabasis truncata, 7, Turkmenistan, Mollakara, paratype, on Halocnemum strobilaceum.