Cephalopsyche, Arefina-Armitage, Tatiana I. & Armitage, Brian J., 2010

Arefina-Armitage, Tatiana I. & Armitage, Brian J., 2010, A new caddisfly genus (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) from Vietnam, ZooKeys 65, pp. 1-15 : 3-10

Cephalopsyche gen. n. Figs 16

Type species:

Cephalopsyche gorgona sp. n., original designation.

Other included species:

Cephalopsyche neboissi sp. n.

Diagnosis.

The new genus is distinguished from all Odontoceridae genera by combined characters of the head, wings, and genitalia. There are a few similarities with Marilia , particularly the absence of Cu2 in forewings of male; also, male of Cephalopsyche neboissi sp. n. bears a brush of long hairs on the anal lobe of the hind wings, typical for Marilia . In contrast, the hind wings in Cephalopsyche are similar in shape to the forewings, unlike the wider hind wings of Marilia , with an enlarged anal area.

Also, the new genus shares similarities in wing venation with the genera Lannapsyche Malicky, 1989 and Barynema Banks, 1939, namely the shape of the hind wings, nearly equal in width to forewings, and the presence of a transverse line of anastomosis (cord) in the male forewings. However, the male of Cephalopsyche differs by the presence of forks I, II, and V in both wings, versus forks I, II, III, and V in Lannapsyche and Barynema ; also, it differs by fork II petiolate.

Finally, Cephalopsyche has several unique characters compared to all genera, including wing venation, specialized head structures, and genitalic features described below. However, based on the general structure of the male genitalia, it most closely resembles Psilotreta Banks, 1899. The following diagnosis emphasizes the comparison of these two genera [matching character states for Psilotreta in brackets] as a proxy for all other odontocerid genera. This new genus is unique when considering the following characters. Male with a “swollen” or domed head of varying extent [head not modified in this manner]. Scape thickened and longer than head, with spines along dorsomesal surface [subequal to length of head, lacks spines]. Eyes not enlarged, subequal in both sexes [male eyes larger than in female]. In male, fifth segment of maxillary palpi longest, tapered [fifth subequal to fourth or shorter, digitate]. Metathorax scutellum (Fig. 2D) triangular with short base and long, nearly straight sides [equilateral triangular with bent sides (Fig. 2E)]. Both pairs of wings in both sexes elongate and narrow, anal area in hind wings not enlarged [hind wings wider than forewings, anal area in hind wings enlarged]. Forewing crossvein r wide, lying near the base of fork I in both sexes, and is aligned with other crossveins in a transverse line of anastomosis [crossvein r halfway or more from the base of fork I to apical margin of forewing, no line of anastomosis]. Discoidal cell present only in forewings of both sexes [both pairs of wings with discoidal cell]. Discoidal cell long, joined for a very short distance by fork I [this distance much longer]. Cu2 in forewings of male absent [Cu2 present]. Anal cell missing in forewings of male [anal cell present]. Intermediate appendages of male genitalia lightly sclerotized with rounded, well sclerotized apical area possessing several setae [stout and sclerotized, in shape of curved or looped spurs]. Basal segment of inferior appendages of male genitalia bear a pair of large, stout spine-like, ventromesal processes [lacks spine-like processes]. Female with mesal plate of sternite IX well defined and more narrow than lateral lobes [sternite IX formed of sclerotized triangular or hemispherical plates, when present, of equal size].

Adult. General color in alcohol yellowish-brown to brown, with vertex darker. Head displays distinct sexual dimorphism in shape and number of setal warts (Figs 1, 2). Frontal warts absent in male but present in female. Vertex of male head swollen or domed, movable, formed as a “chamber” lined with filamentous, columnar tissue. Head of female shorter than wide, anterior margin of vertex convex, with V-shaped mesal notch. Eyes of male and female not enlarged, nearly equal in size. Antennae slightly longer than forewings in both sexes. Scape thickened, slightly longer than head in both sexes, with spines on dorsomesal surface in male. Maxillary palpi 5-segmented and rather long in both sexes. Male maxillary palpi thick, heavily setose, with clusters of long, dense dark setae, mainly on third and fourth segments; second segment shorter than first and third; fourth longer than third; apical segment longest and tapered. Female maxillary palpi thinner but longer than in male, covered evenly with yellow to light brown setae; third, fourth, and fifth segments subequal, longer than first and second segments. Labial palpi 3-segmented in both sexes, longer in male than in female; first segment short, third slightly longer than second and tapered. Prothorax (Fig. 1C) with pair of large, elongate, transverse setal warts, bearing long setae in male, shorter setae in female. Mesothorax of male (Fig. 1C) with pair of large, oblong, longitudinal mesoscutal setal warts; almost twice shorter in female; mesoscutellar wart single. Metathorax scutellum (Fig. 2D) triangular with short base and long, nearly straight sides. Legs long and slender, foreleg shortest, mid leg and hind leg subequal; femur of mid leg as long as tibia; femur of hind leg nearly twice shorter than tibia. Tibial spur formula 2, 4, 4. Male and female wings elongate (Fig. 3), hind wings slightly narrower than forewings. Forks I, II, and V present in forewings of male, and I, II, III, and V in female; R1 meets wing margin near R2 in both sexes; crossvein r lies near base of fork I in both sexes, and aligned with other crossveins in a transverse line of anastomosis (cord); discoidal cell long, joined for very short distance by fork I; fork II petiolate; M without base (no thyridial cell) in male, represented by single apical branch originating from R4+5; in female M 3-branched, thyridial cell long and narrow; Cu2 absent in male; in female Cu2 ending at Cu1b; anal vein single in both sexes, no anal cell; postanal vein long. Venation of hind wings reduced; forks I, II, and V present in both sexes (fork V secondarily absent in male of Cephalopsyche neboissi ); discoidal and thyridial cells absent; Sc and R 1 run close to each other in female; two anal veins present in male, three in female; sparse long hairs along posterior edge of anal area.

Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5): Segment IX stout and extended anteriorly in middle of lateral sides, with distinct setal area located posteriorly just above dorsal edge of inferior appendage. Dorsum of segment IX with paired, parallel lobes directed posterad. Preanal appendages large, elongate, earlike lobes in lateral view; elliptical in dorsal view. Segment X bifurcated, forming horn-like processes, with pair of setal, wart-like lobes located near base. Intermediate appendages lightly sclerotized with rounded, well sclerotized apical area possessing several setae. Basal segment of inferior appendages large, nearly 3 times as long as width at base in lateral view, having two large, stout, heavily sclerotized, spine-like ventromesal processes. Apical segment of inferior appendages short, straight in lateral view and slightly bent mesad in ventral view; bearing short, stout spines apically. Phallus with phallotheca sclerotized, long and cylindrical, slightly bent ventromesally; endotheca short and membranous; phallotremal sclerite large; parameres absent.

Female genitalia (Fig. 6): Sternum VIII rectangular, with a row of setae along posterior margin. Segment IX stout. Sternite IX divided into three plates; mesal plate elongate, lying between lateral plates; each lateral plate forms fold posteriorly, which apparently receives spine-like ventromesal processes of male inferior appendages during copulation. Segment X very small, indistinguishably fused with segment IX. Appendages of segment X ( Schmid 1998: 196), or setal warts of segment X ( Parker and Wiggins 1987: 5) appressed, ovoid, slightly prominent in lateral view. Vaginal sclerites elongate, slightly sclerotized, and extending into segment VIII.

Etymology.

The genus name is a combination of the two Greek words: cephalos meaning head and psyche meaning soul.

Immature stages.

Unknown.