Glenognatha gaujoni Simon, 1895

Jimmy Cabra-García & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2016, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), Zootaxa 4069 (1), pp. 1-183 : 65-72

Glenognatha gaujoni Simon, 1895

( Figs. 50–55 , 132 )

Glenognatha gaujoni Simon, 1895: 151 (male holotype from Loja, Ecuador, Gaujon leg., deposited in MNHN, examined); Cabra-García et al. 2014: 1029, figs. 1 A –B, 1H, 2I, 7G, 9E–F; World Spider Catalog 2015.

Diagnosis. Males of G. gaujoni resemble those of G. globosa and G. patriceae by the presence of thin pleural bars between coxae II–III ( Fig. 50C ) and by the slender palpal tibia (longer than 1.5 times the maximum tibia width) ( Figs. 52 A, E ). It can be distinguished from the two latter species by the presence of scale-shaped projections in the dorsal surface of the embolus ( Figs. 54K–L ). Females are diagnosed by the presence of anterior tooth, ectal apophysis and CFO on the chelicerae ( Figs. 51D–F ).

Description. Male (IBSP 26965). Habitus as in Figures 50 A –D . Carapace brown, with three dusky longitudinal bands (two lateral and one medial). Sternum pale brown. Abdomen greyish, dorsally with black patches arranged in two longitudinal bands. Silver guanine spots scattered in the dorsal and lateral surfaces. Venter with black median patch between the epigastric furrow and the petiole. Silver guanine spots scattered between the tracheal spiracle and the epigastric furrow. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Legs yellow-brownish. Pleural bars between coxae I–II, II–III and III–IV. Total length 3.60. Cephalothorax 1.55 long, 1.17 wide, 0.95 high. Abdomen 2.17 long, 1.37 wide, 1.22 high. Sternum 0.90 long, 0.70 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14. ALE 0.10. PME 0.15. PLE 0.12. AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.02. Clypeus height 1.10. Chelicerae brown, with ramified setae in the basal portion of the posterior surface ( Figs. 55 H- I). Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 51 A-C, 55G-H). Cheliceral fang outgrowth welldeveloped ( Figs. 51 A , 55G ). Ret1 on the posterior surface ( Fig. 51B , 55H ). Leg measurements: I: femur 3.00, patella 0.65, tibia 3.05, metatarsus 2.97, tarsus 1.47, total 11.15; II: 2.72, 0.60, 2.57, 2.50, 1.22, 9.62; III: 1.75, 0.45, 1.42, 1.42, 0.55, 5.60; IV: 2.35, 0.42, 1.92, 1.90, 0.85, 7.45. DTS 0.52. DTE 0.62. Epiandrous fusules as in Figure 55B . Spinnerets as in Figures 55C–F . Palp as in Figures 52E–H . Palp tibia longer than wide ( Figs. 52 A, E ). Conductor lamina in dorsal view with a conspicuous excavation ( Figs. 52C , 54G ). Embolus widened subapically, with projection beyond embolic opening ( Figs. 54B, I–K ).

Female (MUSM 0504906) (Note: the female is here described for the first time). Coloration and general habitus as in male ( Figs. 50E–H ). Abdomen greyish, dorsally with three longitudinal bands of black patches that forms thin transversal bands in the posterior region. Venter with a black median patch between the gonopore and the petiole. Silver guanine spots arranged in two longitudinal bands between the tracheal spiracle and the epigastric furrow. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Legs yellow-brownish. Pleural bars between coxae I–II, II–III and III– IV. Total length 4.35. Cephalothorax 1.85 long, 1.30 wide, 1.12 high. Abdomen 2.67 long, 1.70 wide, 1.82 high. Sternum 0.80 long, 0.80 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances AME 0.60. ALE 0.45. PME 0.70. PLE 0.55. AME- AME 0.50, AME-ALE 0.80, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.77, ALE-PLE 0.02. Clypeus height 1.10. Chelicerae brown. Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 51D–F ). Anterior tooth present ( Figs. 51D, F ). Ectal apophysis well-developed ( Figs. 51D–F ). Cheliceral fang outgrowth well-developed ( Figs. 51D, F ). Ret1 on the posterior surface ( Fig. 51E ). Leg measurements: I: femur 3.25, patella 0.55, tibia 2.75, metatarsus 3.25, tarsus 1.37, total; II: 3.00, 0.65, 2.90, 2.85, 1.25, 10.65; III: 1.75, 0.37, 1.30, 1.55, 0.67, 5.65; IV: 2.60, 0.50, 2.10, 2.10, 0.85, 8.15. DTS 0.60. DTE 1.20. Tracheal system as in Figures 53J–L . Spinnerets as in Figures 53F–I . Genitalia without spermathecae ( Figs. 53B–E ). UE distal portion tubiform ( Figs. 53B, D ).

Variation. Male total length 3.6–4.9 (N = 10; average 4.2), cephalothorax length 1.5–2.0 (N = 10; average 1.7), femur I length 2.9–3.7 (N = 10; average 3.1). Female total length 3.7–4.5 (N = 10; average 4.0), cephalothorax length 1.6–1.9 (N = 10; average 1.7), femur I length 2.5–3.3 (N = 10; average 3.0).

Distribution. Known from the Amazonian regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil ( Fig. 132 ).

Additional material examined (N = 126). New records: COLOMBIA: Meta: Carimagua , 4º36´8.1´´N, 71º20´34.1´´W, elev. 173m, 15.iv.2012, D. Martínez leg. , 2♀ 1♂ (ICN 7828); Villavicencio, Bosque Bavaria, [4º9´N, 73º38´W], elev. [467m], 14.v.2005, Sistemática Animal leg., 1♀ ( ICN 4487 ). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina , 0º50´S, 66º9´W, elev. 140m, 4–12.ii.1984, D. Davis & T. McCabe leg. , 1♀ ( USNM). ECUADOR: Napo: Limoncocha , [0º58´S, 77º49´W], elev. [562m], 12.xii.1971, R. Buskirk leg. , 3♀ ( MCZ 125477 ). PERU: Cuzco: Convención, Cerro Dorado, Quillabamba [12º50´S, 72º44´W], elev. 1500m, 18.vi.1964, B. Malkin leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH); Cashiriari, Rio Camisea , 11º52´S, 72º39´W, elev. 690m, xii.1997, S. Córdoba leg. , 1♂ (MUSM 0504920); Parque Nacional Manu, Carretera Paucartambo-Pillcopata, quebrada quita calzón, [13º2´S, 71º31´W], elev. 1180m, ix.1991, B. Leon leg., 1♂ ( MUSM 0504919 ). Huánuco: Sta. Teresa. Huallaga , [9º40´S, 75º30´W], elev. 600m, viii.1954, F. Woytkowski leg. , 1♀ ( CAS 9039649 ). Loreto: Jenaro Herrera, Quebrada el Baño , [4º54´S, 75º40´W], elev. 100m, 26.viii.1988, D. Silva leg. , 1♂ ( USNM). Madre de Dios: 15 km E Puerto Maldonado , 12º33´S, 69º3´W, elev. 200m, 17.vii.1989, D. Silva leg. , 9♀ 3♂ 2 immature ( MUSM 0 5 04926); Boca del rio los Amigos , 12º34´S, 70º6´W, elev. 270m, 6.xii.2005, J. A. Ochoa et al. leg. , 2♀ ( MUSM 0501093 ); Zona Reserva Pakitsa , 11º56´S, 71º17´W, elev. 356m, 2–3.v.1991, D. Silva leg. , 1♀ (MUSM 0504912); 9.v.1991, D. Silva leg., 1♀ (MUSM 0504915); 13.v.1991, D. Silva leg., 1♀ 1♂ (MUSM 0504908); 25.v.1991, D. Silva leg., 3♀ (MUSM 0504922); 6.x.1987, J. Coddington & D. Silva leg., 6♀ 7♂ 1 immature ( MUSM 0509928 ); Zona Reserva Pakitsa , quebrada picaflor, 11º56´S, 71º17´W, elev. 356m, 10–11.v.1991, D. Silva leg. , 4♀ 2♂ (MUSM 0504914); 8.v.1991, D. Silva leg., 1♀ 3♂ ( MUSM 0504923 ); Zona Reserva Tambopata , [12º13´S, 69º51´W], elev. 290m, 10– 11.v.1991, D. Silva leg. , 7♀ 7♂ ( MUSM 0504927 ); Zona Reserva Tambopata , [12º50´S, 69º17´W], elev. 290m, 21.v.1988, D. Silva leg. , 2♀ 2♂ ( USNM); Zona Reservada de Manu, Puesto de Vigil., Pakitsa , 11º58´S, 71º18´W, elev. [425m], 6.x.1987 , 6♀ 5♂ 1 immature (USNM); 1.x.1987, 1♀ 1♂ (USNM); 28.ix.1987, 2♀ (USNM); 1.x.1987, 3♀ 1♂ (USNM); 5.x.1987, 1♀ ( USNM), all collected by D. Silva & J. Coddington. Pasco: Huancabamba , quebrada chispa, 10º10´S, 75º15´W, elev. 345m, 4.xi.1986, D. Silva leg. , 1 ♂ ( MUSM 0504918 ); Huancabamba , quebrada castillo, 10º10´S, 75º15´W, elev. 345m, 10.ix.1987, D. Silva leg. , 1♀ 1♂ (MUSM 0504906); 2♀ 1♂ ( USNM); Santa Rosa, río Palcazú , [10º27´S, 75º29´W], elev. 1776m, 24.ix.1991, P. Hocking leg. , 1♀ ( MUSM 0504902 ). Puno: Tambopata-Candamo , 13º21´S, 69º33´W, elev. 380m, 27.viii.1992, I. Bohorquez leg. , 2♀ 1♂ 2 immature ( MUSM 0504916 ). BRAZIL: Acre: Marechal Thaumaturgo, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor , [8º17´S, 73º19´W], elev. [262m], 14.iii.1997, L. Resende & R. Vieira leg. , 1♀ 1♂ (IBSP 12612); 25.iii.1997, L. Resende & S. Vieira leg., 1♀ 1♂ ( IBSP 12182 ). Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva do PDBFF, [2º29´S, 60º2´W], elev. [115m], ii–ix.2001, E. M. Venticinque leg. , 1♀ (IBSP 55545); Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, [2º59´S, 59º56´W], elev. [90m], vii.1999, A. J. Santos leg., 1♀ 2♂ (IBSP 26965); 10.iv.1992, S. Darwich leg, 1♀ 1♂ ( MCTP 2715 ). Rondônia: Porto Velho, Mutum, [8º33´S, 63º42´W], elev. [83m], 7.vi.2011, M. C. Silveira leg. , 2♂ ( MZSP 41003 ). Roraima: Pacaraima , [4º25´S, 61º8´W], elev. [480m], 25.vi—5.vii.1988, J. A. Rafael leg. , 1♂ ( MCN 19742). Mato Grosso: Vale São Domingos / Pontes e Lacerda, Usina hidrelétrica de Guaporé , [15º15´S, 59º12´W], elev. [262m], x.1999, Equipe Resgate et al. leg. , 1♀ ( IBSP 41537 ). São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto , [21º7´S, 47º51´W], elev. [567m], 2003–2005, E. Nascimento et al. leg. , 1♂ (IBSP 58162).

Figures

FIGURE 50. Glenognatha gaujoni from Brazil. A – D, male habitus (IBSP 26965). A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral (arrow, pleural bar). D, frontal. E – H, female habitus (IBSP 55545). E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral (arrow, pleural bar). H, frontal. Scale bars, 500 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 51. Glenognatha gaujoni from Brazil. A – C, male left chelicerae (IBSP 12182). A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D – F, female left chelicerae (IBSP 12612). D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 500 µm. AT: anterior tooth. CFO: Cheliceral fang outgrowth. EA: ectal apophysis. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.

FIGURE 52. Glenognatha gaujoni. A – D, male left palp, schematic (MUSM 0504920). A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E – H, male left palp (IBSP 26965). E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 53. Glenognatha gaujoni. A, female gonopore. B – E, female genitalia. B, dorsal (arrow, uterus externus distal portion). C, ventral. D, lateral arrow, uterus externus distal portion. E, membranous chamber (arrow, tendons). F – I, female spinnerets. F, ventral. G, ALS. H, PMS. I, PLS. J – L, female tracheal system. J, dorsal. K, median and lateral trunks. L, tracheal spiracle lateral view. Scale bars, 100 µm (A – D, F, J – L), 20 µm (E, G – I). AC: aciniform gland spigots. AG: aggregate gland spigots. CY: cylindrical gland spigot. FL: flagelliform gland spigot. LT: lateral trunk. mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot. MC: membranous chamber. MT: median trunk. PI: piriform gland spigots. TAG: tracheal atrium gland. UE: uterus externus.

FIGURE 54. Glenognatha gaujoni. A, male left palp ventral. B – C, conductor and embolus. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. D – H, conductor. D, ventral. E, ventroretrolateral. F, retrolateral. G, dorsal. H, prolateral. I – L, embolus. I, ventroretrolateral. J, ventral (arrow, inner membrane). K, dorsal. L, scale-shaped projections. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. T: tegulum.

FIGURE 55. Glenognatha gaujoni. A, male tracheal spiracle. B, epiandrous fusules. C – F, male spinnerets. C, ventral. D, ALS. E, PMS. F, PLS. G – I, male left chelicerae. G, anterior. H, posterior (box defines area of figure I). I, cheliceral setae. Scale bars, 100 µm (A, C, G – H), 10 µm (B, D – F, I). AC: aciniform gland spigots. AG: aggregate gland spigots. CFO: cheliceral fang outgrowth. FL: flagelliform gland spigot. MAP: major ampullate gland spigot. mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot. PI: piriform gland spigots. Ret: retromarginal tooth.

FIGURE 132. Distribution of G. mendezi new species, G. patriceae new species, G. globosa and G. gaujoni.