Ipomoea alba

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

272. Ipomoea alba L., Sp. Pl. 1: 161. 1753. (Linnaeus 1753: 161)

Calonyction album (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 591. 1904. (House 1904: 591).

Ipomoea bona-nox L. , Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 228. 1762. (Linnaeus 1762: 228), nom. illeg., superfluous name for I. alba L.

Convolvulus bona-nox (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 600. 1825 [pub. 1824]. (Sprengel 1824: 600).

Calonyction speciosum Choisy , Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 441[59]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 441[59]). Type. Based on Ipomoea bona-nox L.

Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, Hort. Maurit. 227. 1837. (Bojer 1837: 227).

Calonyction speciosum var. vulgare Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 345. 1845. (Choisy1845: 390), var. illeg., autonymic var.

Ipomoea aculeata forma bona-nox (L.) Voss, Vilmorins Blumengärtn. 708. 1894. (Voss 1894-96: 708).

Ipomoea aculeata var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2; 442. 1891. (Kuntze 1891: 442).

Quamoclit bona-nox (L.) M. Gómez, Fl. Habana 345. 1897 [dated 1899]. ( Gómez de la Maza y Jiménez 1897: 345).

Convolvulus aculeatus var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 212. 1898. (Kuntze 1898: 212).

Bonanox indica Raf. , Fl. Tell. 4: 77. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 77). Type. Based on Ipomoea bona-nox L.

Bonanox riparia Raf. , Fl. Tell. 4: 77. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 77). Type. Based on Ipomoea bona-nox in Bot. Mag. t. 752 (1804).

Convolvulus aculeatus L., Sp. Pl. 155. 1753. Type. Icon in Plukenet, Phytographia t. 276, f. 3 (1694), designated by Gunn (1972: 153).

Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 590. 1904. (House 1904: 590).

Convolvulus latiflorus Desr. , Encycl. Meth. 3: 561. 1789 [pub. 1792]. (Desrousseaux 1792: 561). Type. Santo Domingo and Martinique (syntype P-JUSS, not found).

Ipomoea latiflora (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 240. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 240).

Euryloma latiflora (Desr.) Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 75. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 75)

Ipomoea longiflora Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. , Enum. Pl. 1: 207. 1809. (Willdenow 1809: 207). Type; CUBA. La Habana, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (possible holotype B-W 03759-01, isotype P00670772).

Quamoclit longiflora (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 259. 1838. (Don 1838: 259).

Ipomoea grandiflora Roxb. , Hort. Bengal. 14. 1814. (Roxburgh 1814: 14)., nom. illeg., non Ipomoea grandiflora (L.f.) Lam. (1791). Type. Rheede, Hort. Malab. 11: t. 50 (1692), lectotype designated by Turner (2013: 157).

Ipomoea roxburghii Steud. , Nomencl. Bot. 1: 819. 1840, (Steudel 1840: 819), non Ipomoea roxburghii Sweet (1826) . Type. Based on Ipomoea grandiflora Roxb.

Ipomoea bona-nox var. grandiflora (Roxb.) C.B. Clarke , Fl. Brit. India 4: 197. 1883. (Clarke 1883: 197).

Ipomoea tubulosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 789. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 789). Type. America meridionalis, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (holotype B-W03755-01).

Convolvulus pulcherrimus Vell. , Fl. Flumin. 72. 1829 [dated 1825]. (Vellozo 1829: 72). Type. BRAZIL. (lectotype, original parchment plate of Flora Fluminensis in the manuscript section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198651-054], designated here; later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flum. Icon. 2: t. 54 1827. [pub. 1831]).

Ipomoea noctiluca Herb. , Bot. Reg. 11: t. 917. 1825. (Herbert 1825: t. 917). Type. Lectotype t. 889 in Bot. Reg. 11 under Ipomoea latiflora , designated here. No specimen found at CGE.

Calonyction noctilucum (Herb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. , ed. 3: 482. 1839. (Sweet 1839: 482).

Ipomoea ambigua Endl. , Prod. Fl. Norf. 53, 1833. (Endlicher 1833: 53). Type. NORFOLK ISLAND, F.L. Bauer s.n. (lectotype W0050659, designated here).

Calonyction macrantholeucon Colla , Mem. Nov. Sp. Calon. 15. 1840. (Colla 1840: 15). Type. A cultivated plant (lectotype TO, sheet numbered 5077, designated here).

Calonyction speciosum var. macrantholeucon (Colla) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 345. 1845. (Choisy1845: 390).

Calonyction megalocarpum A. Rich. ex Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 3: 129. 1850. (Sagra 1850: 129). Type. CUBA. Canasi (lectotype P04039238, designated here).

Ipomoea noctiflora Griff. , Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 286. 1854. (Griffith 1854: 286). Type. MYANMAR (BURMA). Mergui, Mrs Hutton’s Garden, no specimen found.

Calonyction pulcherrimum D. Parodi , Contr. Fl. Paraguay 12. 1877. (Parodi 1877: 12). Type. [PARAGUAY], "in ripis Paraná”, no specimen cited or known.

Ipomoea aculeata var. heterophylla Kuntze , Rev. Gen. Pl. 2; 442. 1891. (Kuntze 1891: 442). Type. PUERTO RICO. No type specified.

Calonyction bona-nox var. lobatum Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 1037. 1897. (Hallier 1897b: 1037). Type. JAMAICA. H. Sloane s.n. (lectotype BM000589513, designated here).

Calonyction bona-nox subvar. calvum Hallier f., [as var. lobatum subvar. calvum ] Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 1037. 1897. (Hallier 1897b: 1037). Type. As for var. lobatum Hallier f.

Ipomoea aculeata auct. mult. Amer., non Blume

Type.

Icon in Rheede, Hort. Ind. Malabar 11: t. 50 (1692), designated by Verdcourt (1963: 130) in Hubbard and Milne-Redhead (Eds) Fl. Trop. East Africa, Convolvulaceae .

Description.

Vigorous scrambling or trailing plant, stems to 10 m, glabrous, sometimes armed with soft spiny projections, sometimes subtomentose. Leaves petiolate, 5-15 × 4-14 cm, ovate, sometimes-lobed to about one third, acuminate to a fine hair point, cordate at the base, auricles sometimes with broad teeth, both surfaces glabrous; petioles 3-18 cm. Inflorescence of 1-3-flowered, pedunculate, axillary cymes; peduncles 2-9(-20) cm, stout; bracteoles caducous, not seen; pedicels 5-15 mm, swollen below flower; sepals unequal, glabrous, outer sepals 15-25 × 4-6 mm, lanceolate with a long awn 5-12 mm in length, green with white margins inner sepals 12-20 mm including a 2-5 mm long awn, ovate, whitish with green midrib; corolla hypocrateriform, with a narrow cylindrical whitish-green tube 5-12 cm long and a spreading, white limb 4-5 cm in diam., glabrous. Capsules ovoid, c. 3 cm long, glabrous; seeds 11-13 mm long, glabrous.

Illustration.

Figures 4C , 10D , 121D; O 'Donell (1959b: 105); Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 165); Austin (1998: 400); Bosser and Heine (2000: 44); Deroin (2001: 167).

Distribution.

A pantropical weedy species, not certainly known as a native anywhere but clearly of neotropical origin. Widely distributed in disturbed damp bushy places, particularly along shaded tropical streams, mostly below about 1600 m and probably native in this habitat in the Neotropics. It is also cultivated growing in gardens as high as Sucre (2800 m) in Bolivia as well as in gardens and conservatories in cool temperate countries.

URUGUAY. W.G. Herter 73 (MO, S).

ARGENTINA. Catamarca: P. Jörgensen 1421 (MO). Córdoba: A.T. Hunziker 17369 (CORD). Corrientes: M.M. Arbo et al. 6607 (CTES, S). Formosa: P. Jörgensen 3065 (MO). Misiones: E.L. Ekman 1439 (S).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: Estancia Miranda, F. Mereles 6848 (FCQ). Alto Paraná: E. Zardini & E. Florentin 40048 (MO). Caazapá: P.N. Caaguazú, L. Molas 762 (PY). Canindeyú: Simonis et al. 236 (PY, U). Central: T. Morong 269 (BM); Ypacaraí, E. Zardini et al. 2402 (FCQ, MO). Cordillera: Tobatí, E. Zardini & R. Velázquez 27362 (FCQ, MO). Guairá: Villarica, G.W. Teague 532 (BM); La Colmena-San José, F. Mereles & F. González 7907 (FCQ). Itapúa: Isla Yacyretá, J. de Egea et al. 337 (BM, FCQ). Paraguarí: Macizo Acahay, E. Zardini 6160 (MO, PY); Cerro Acahay, L.R. Landrum et al. 8625 (ARIZ, FCQ). San Pedro: A.L. Woolston 1548 (K).

BRAZIL. Acre: G.T. Prance et al. 12008 (K, MO, NY). Amazonas: B.A. Krukoff 4509 (MO, NY, S); Rio Solimões, R. Spruce 1626 (K); Manãos, J. Loew 182 (K). Bahia: J.L. Hage & E. B. dos Santos 1174 (K). Ceará: Villa de Orato, G. Gardner 1771 (BM, K). Dist. Fed.: E.P. Heringer et al. 1932 (NY). Espirito Santo: H. Boudet-Fernandes 1588 (MO). Mato Grosso: B. Dubs 1268 (K, Z). Minas Gerais: Ituiutaba, A. Macedo 1922 (BM). Pará: E.P. Killip 30648 (NY). Paraná: G. Hatschbach 24141 (MBM, MO). Pernambuco: Fernando do Noronha, Ridley et al. s.n. [1887] (BM, P). Rio de Janeiro: M.R. Barbosa et al. 18855 (K). Rio Grande do Sul: A. Kegler 180 (MO). Rondônia: G.T. Prance et al. 6544 (NY). Santa Catarina: A. Gavieski 81 (K). São Paulo: N.A. Rosa & J.M. Pires 3838 (NY).

FRENCH GUIANA. Courbon s.n. (P); Sastre 4697 (P).

SURINAM. J. Langouw & J.C. Lindman 1551 (MO).

GUYANA. Fide Austin and Huáman (1996).

BOLIVIA. Beni: S.G. Beck 5561 (LPB). Chuquisaca: M. Cárdenas 5733 (US). Cochabamba: Chapare, J. Steinbach 9355 (BM, NY, GH, F, MO, S). La Paz: J. Solomon 13710 (LPB, MO). Pando: S.G. Beck et al. 19555 (COL, LPB). Santa Cruz: J.R.I. Wood et al. 19653 (BOLV, K, LPB, USZ). Tarija: M. Serrano et al. 7608 (LPB).

PERU. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, R.W. Bussmann et al. 16839 (MO). Cajamarca: P.C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 3607 (K, P, UC). Cusco: G. Calatyud et al. 1942 (CUZ, MO); Convención, C. Vargas 3482 (CUZ). Huánuco: Huallaga valley, A. Gentry et al. 37627 (MO). Ica: San Juan Baptista, O. Whaley et al. 213 (K). Lima: Canta, P. Gonzáles 135 (USM). Loreto: A. Gentry et al. 32130 (MO). Madre de Dios: P. Nuñez 12308 (CUZ, MO). Pasco: L. Valenzuela et al. 12618 (MO, USM). Puno: Sandia, C. Vargas 16409 (CUZ). San Martín: J. Schunke 4022 (F). Ucayali: K.R. Young & G. Sullivan 658 (NY).

ECUADOR. Galápagos: G. Harling 5615 (S). C. Crossland 455 (K). Guayas: R. Spruce 6493 (BM, K). Imbabura: G. Harling 4320 (MO, S). Loja: R. Espinosa 215a (NY). Manabí: Eggers 15461 (P). Napo: H. Lugo 2747 (MO). Pastaza: B. Løjtnant & U. Molau 13283 (AAU, GB).

COLOMBIA. Amazonas: J. Duque 2415 (COL). Antioquia: Naranjo: E. André 372 (K). Cauca: K. von Sneidern s.n. [18/11/1941] (S). Chocó: Bahía Solano, E. P. Killip 33586 (COL, NY). Cundinamarca: G. Dugand 3805 (COL). Magdalena: Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 1581 (NY, S). Valle: F.C. Lehmann 7906 (K).

VENEZUELA. Aragua: Tovar, A. Fendler 929 (K). Bolívar: J. Steyermark et al. 104063 (MO). Miranda: K. Robertson & D.F. Austin 222 (MO). Sucre: J. Steyermark & R. Liesner 121014 (MO). Zulia: G.S. Bunting et al. 12569 (MO).

PANAMA. A. Gentry 4428 (BM, MO); H. Pittier 2244 (BM); Duchassaing s.n. [1851] (P).

COSTA RICA. El General, A.F. Skutch 4265 (K, S); Puntarenas, Coto Brus, M.M. Chavarría 691 (K, MO); Tucurrique, A. Tonduz 12942 (BM, K).

NICARAGUA. D. Neill 7340 (BM); L.O. Williams & A. Molina 42471 (BM, F); W.D. Stevens 3942 (BM, MO).

HONDURAS. S. Blackmore & G.L.A. Heath 1763 (BM).

EL SALVADOR. Hartman 59 (S); Lago Illopango, K. Sidwell et al. 529 (BM).

BELIZE. M.E. Peck 762 (K); Orange Walk, C. Whitefoord 8174 (BM).

GUATEMALA. Escuintla, J. Donnell Smith 2017 (K); R. Tun Ortiz 665 (BM, F).

MEXICO. Campeche: Calakmul, D. Álvarez & J.C. Soto Nuñez 1251 (IEB). Chiapas: Ocosingo, E. Martínez et al. 25431 (K); P. J. Stafford et al. 150 (BM). Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Valle de México, E. Bourgeau 1382 (K, P, S). Guerrero: Galeana, G.B. Hinton 11195 (K). Guanajuato: Valle de Santiago, M. González 70 (IEB). Jalisco: E. Palmer 727 (BM); La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, A.C. Sanders et al. 10510 (K). Michoacán: Coalcomán, G.B. Hinton 12698 (K). Morelos: Tlayacapan, Hernández et al. 648 (IEB). Nayarit: Nuevo Vallarta R. Barraza s.n. (IEB). Oaxaca: W.H. Camp 2423 (K, NY). Puebla: Ajalpan, J.I. Calzada 23614 (K, MEXU). Querétaro: Landa de Matamoros, A. Herrera 49 (IEB). Quintana Roo: O. Téllez 2006 (BM, MEXU). Sonora: fide Felger et al. (2012). Tabasco: Nacajuca, H. Cálix 416 (IEB). Veracruz: E. O. Darlet s.n. (K); E. Kerber 47 (BM, P). Yucatán: Cozumel Island, G.F. Gaumer 75 (K), 330 (BM, P).

UNITED STATES. Florida: A.H. Curtiss 2166 (BM, K, P, S); H. Moldenke 758 (K, S); L. Kitching s.n. [1905] (BM). Louisiana: C. Reid & T. Baker 5860 (LSU).

BERMUDA. F.S. Collins 250 (K, NY).

BAHAMAS. New Providence, D.S. Correll 48400 (NY); Ackling Island: L. Brace 4287 (NY).

CUBA. López Figuieras 783 (HAJB); C. Wright 450 (BM); N.L. Britton 6660 (NY); R. Combs 716 (NY); J.A. Shafer 1524 (NY).

HAITI. L. R. Holdridge 2013 (BM, NY); E.L. Ekman H9194 (S).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. E.L. Ekman H16197 (S); M.M. Mejia Pimentel & T. Zanoni 9216 (NY); Poiteau s.n. (P).

PUERTO RICO. P. Sintenis 446 (S); A.A. Heller 375 (NY).

JAMAICA. W. Harris 8458 (BM); W. Stearn 398 (BM); G.R. Proctor 20703 (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. Guadeloupe: A. Duss 3499 (NY); H. & M. Stehlé 8166 (P). Dominica: C. Whitefoord 6017 (BM); W.H. Hodge 811 (BM). Martinique: A. Duss 428 (NY); Belanger 219 (P). St Vincent: fide Powell (1979).

TRINIDAD. A. Fendler 589 (BM, P).

HAWAII. Faurie 1037 (BM); F.R. Fosberg 57423 (K); R. Kuykendall 137 (BM); L.H. MacDaniels 149 (BM); T.G. Lammers 8045 (BM, F); O. Degener 24511 (BM); Honolulu, C.R. Annabale & D.E. Atha 3097 (NY).

Typifications.

McDonald, (1994: 13) designated Velloso (1829 69, t. 25) as the lectotype of Convolvulus pulcherrimus Vell. but there is no plate on this page and t. 25 does not correspond to an Ipomoea . Hence a new lectotype is designated above.

Herbert’s description of Ipomoea noctiluca in the Botanical Register 11: t. 917 (Herbert 1825: t. 917) is included after the description of Hibiscus racemosus Lindl. No type is cited and there is no specimen at CGE but there is a reference to the illustration of Ipomoea latiflora (t. 889 in Bot. Reg. 11), which was, according to Herbert, drawn from one of his cultivated plants which he believed to be a distinct species. This is described after Hibiscus racemosus . We have, therefore, designated t. 889 in the Botanical Register as the lectotype of Ipomoea noctiluca .

Notes.

Unmistakeable when in flower but fruiting material can be difficult to distinguish from Ipomoea muricata except by the longer aristate points of the sepals. Plants with tomentose stems are known from Ecuador: F. Vilar 517 (LOJA) from the Galapogos Islands and F. Vilar 190 (LOJA) from Catamayo, Loja. They may occur elsewhere.

Figures

Figure 4. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A I. racemosa B I. rosea C I. alba D I. hirsutissima E I. barbatisepala F I. ampullacea G I. gigantea H I. longeramosa. Photographs of A (R. A. & E. S. Howard 8863) E (Gonzalez Ortega 874) and F (Lott & Wendt 2192) by John Wood; B (Harley et al. 54830); C (Fendler 589) and H (Pickersgill et al. RU 72 - 400) by John Baker; D (Mendoza 4365) and G (Mendoza 4645) by Moises Mendoza.

Figure 10. Pollen of Ipomoea species. A I. triloba (D'Arcy 317) B I. cryptica (Steinbach 6311) C I. purpurea (Parada & Rojas 2664) D I. alba (Wood et al. 27828) E I. dumosa (Hinton et al. 9479) F I. hederifolia (Queiroz 15975) G I. stans (Y. Mexia 275112) H I. suffulta (Pringle 4755). Photos by Robert Scotland.

Figure 121. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. indica B I. hederacea C I. pubescens D I. alba E I. purpurea (colour variants). A John Pink B Steven Turner C Darwin Initiative Project 162 / 11 / 010 D Tom Carruthers E Darwin Initiative Project 162 / 11 / 010.