Aamunops, Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.4.5 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A6944AD-C0B9-4046-A1FC-6C9429F99FB1 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480039 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B276562-FFBA-A267-B8E4-F99EFA4FFDE6 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Aamunops |
status |
gen. nov. |
Aamunops View in CoL gen. n.
Type species. Aamunops olmeca View in CoL sp. n.
Other included species. Aamunops chimpa sp. n., Aamunops misi sp. n., Aamunops noono sp. n.
Etymology. The genus name is taken from the word aamu which means spider in the “Popoluca de la Sierra” dialect. This language belongs to the mixe-zoquean family spoken in the tropical lowlands of the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz, a historical region that was part of the Olmec culture. The name is masculine in gender and formed by a combination of the words aamu + nops, the latter a common suffix for several caponiid genera.
Diagnosis. Aamunops gen. n. can be easily distinguished from all caponiine genera by the presence of subsegmented tarsi ( Figs. 12 View FIGURES 12–18 , 31 View FIGURES 31–37 , 50 View FIGURES 50–56 , 65 View FIGURES 65–69 ). Females differ from all currently known Nopinae except Tarsonops by having an anteromedian membranous receptaculum ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 7–11 , 29 View FIGURES 25–30 , 48 View FIGURES 44–49 ). Differs from Tarsonops by the presence of a median sclerotized bifid duct leading to a large, membranous sac ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 7–11 , 30 View FIGURES 25–30 , 49 View FIGURES 44–49 , Sanchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2015: figs. 29, 47). Males can be distinguished from other Nopinae genera by having a spherical bulb with a sclerotized embolus protruding from the centre ( Figs. 7 View FIGURES 7–11 , 27 View FIGURES 25–30 , 46 View FIGURES 44–49 , 64 View FIGURES 57–64 ) and by the presence of a hyaline process associated to the seminal duct that ends near the embolus tip ( Figs. 16 View FIGURES 12–18 , 37 View FIGURES 31–37 , 55 View FIGURES 50–56 , 68 View FIGURES 65–69 ).
Description. Small to medium-sized caponiids. Carapace surface orange, weak patterned; oval, narrowed anteriorly to about a half its maximum width ( Figs. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 , 19 View FIGURES 19–24 , 38 View FIGURES 38–43 , 57 View FIGURES 57–64 ), pars cephalica in lateral view rounded, with slight depressions opposite intercoxal spaces, pars thoracica flat and short, sloping posteriorly ( Figs. 2 View FIGURES 1–6 , 20 View FIGURES 19–24 , 39 View FIGURES 38–43 , 58 View FIGURES 57–64 ). Cuticle of carapace reticulated with hexagonal cells, thoracic groove indistinct, carapace covered with long, strong setae mostly concentrated behind eyes, on the clypeal area, around the midline of the pars cephalica and over the depressions ( Figs. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 , 38, 41 View FIGURES 38–43 ). Two eyes, separated by about a half their diameter and surrounded by a semicircular area of black pigment. Clypeus about twice the diameter of eyes. Cheliceral paturon orange, covered with long, weak setae; prolateral surface with a long median lamina and a white membranous lobe near to the fang base; retrolateral surface with closely spaced stridulatory ridges in both sexes; pick on the prolateral side of palpal femur near to its proximal portion ( Brescovit & Sanchez-Ruiz 2016: figs. 4A, F). Endites pale orange, except near the pedipalp joint, convergent along midline but not touching, serrula consisting of a single row of teeth, anterior edge quadrangular, internally with white membranous projections, endite middle section wider and forming an angle of about 90 degrees on the retrolateral margin ( Figs. 5 View FIGURES 1–6 , 42 View FIGURES 38–43 ), endite posterior margin quadrangular. Labium orange, triangular, fused to sternum, covered with scattered, long setae ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 19–24 ). Sternum orange, margin darker, longer than wide, not fused to carapace, sculptured with hexagonal cells, covered with long, stiff setae ( Figs. 5 View FIGURES 1–6 , 61 View FIGURES 57–64 ); cephalothoracic membranes with sclerotized epimeric extensions above coxae I, II and, III plus IV, the latter shorter; not fused with triangular intercoxal sclerites of sternum, long precoxal triangles on coxae II-IV (arrow Fig. 42 View FIGURES 38–43 ). Legs orange, coxae and trochanters pale orange; formula: 4123; setose, without spines; anterior femora and tibiae enlarged; metatarsi entire, with dorsal metatarsal stopper (arrow Fig. 12 View FIGURES 12–18 ), anterior legs with crista, occupying 3/4 or less of the ventral surface in males ( Figs. 12 View FIGURES 12–18 , 31 View FIGURES 31–37 , 50 View FIGURES 50–56 , 65 View FIGURES 65–69 ), almost covering the metatarsus length in females ( Figs. 14 View FIGURES 12–18 , 33 View FIGURES 31–37 , 52 View FIGURES 50–56 ); membranes separating anterior metatarsi and tarsi with gladius ( Figs. 33 View FIGURES 31–37 , 52 View FIGURES 50–56 ); all tarsi bi-segmented, proximal segment longer and wider than the distal one, with three claws; paired claws with five to seven teeth ( Figs. 18 View FIGURES 12–18 , 53 View FIGURES 50–56 , 67 View FIGURES 65–69 ), the most distal largest, unpaired claws short on all legs, hook-shaped, lacking arolium; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi with trichobothria in a single row; female palpal tarsus elongated, without claw, prolateral and ventral surfaces densely covered with strong setae, dorsal surface with a chemoreceptor patch of short, fine setae. Abdomen dorsum dark gray, lighter ventrally, elongated, setose ( Figs. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 , 38 View FIGURES 38–43 ); with slightly sclerotized epigastric and post-epigastric scuta ( Figs. 3 View FIGURES 1–6 , 40 View FIGURES 38–43 ); with two pairs of respiratory spiracles clustered below the epigastric furrow ( Figs. 10 View FIGURES 7–11 , 28 View FIGURES 25–30 ); anterior spiracles leading to wide, short tubular tracheae branching in numerous, long tracheoles; posterior spiracles each leading to four tracheal trunks, two large, fused at base, that extend anteriorly into the cephalotorax, the others narrowed directed posteriorly and branched in several tracheoles. Six spinnerets in typical caponiid arrangement ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 1–6 , 24 View FIGURES 19–24 ); in males, ALS with only one major ampullate gland spigot, PMS with three aciniform gland spigots, PLS with five aciniform gland spigots; in females, ALS with one major ampullate gland and two piriform gland spigots, PMS with one minor ampullate gland and four aciniform gland spigots, PLS with five aciniform gland spigots. Male palpal patella shorter than tibia, cup-shaped; tibia excavated ventrally, with a prolateral brush on its distal portion ( Figs. 56 View FIGURES 50–56 , 69 View FIGURES 65–69 ); cymbium elongated ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 7–11 ), swollen in A. chimpa ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 25–30 ), prolateral and ventral surfaces densely covered with strong, long setae, dorsal surface with a chemoreceptor patch of short, fine setae ( Figs. 22 View FIGURES 19–24 , 25 View FIGURES 25–30 ); bulb globose, spherical, originating from the proximo-ventral region of cymbium ( Figs. 7 View FIGURES 7–11 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 ); spermatic duct with a small, hyaline process ending near the embolus tip ( Figs. 16 View FIGURES 12–18 , 37 View FIGURES 31–37 , 55 View FIGURES 50–56 , 68 View FIGURES 65–69 ); embolus long, short in A. noono , strongly sclerotized, curved, protruding from the center of the bulb, directed ventrally. External female genitalia with anterior plate slightly sclerotized on the postero-median region, posterior plate wide, oval; sclerotized around and between spiracles ( Figs. 10 View FIGURES 7–11 , 28 View FIGURES 25–30 , 47 View FIGURES 44–49 ); internal genitalia consist of a transverse rigid plate, anterior margin dorsally curved, posterior margin with a median invagination ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 7–11 , 15 View FIGURES 12–18 , 30 View FIGURES 25–30 ); membranous anteromedian receptaculum formed by a sclerotized bifid duct that protrudes medially from the plate leading to a large, oval membranous sac-like structure covered with scattered accessory gland openings ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 7–11 , 15 View FIGURES 12–18 , 48 View FIGURES 44–49 ).
Distribution. Eastern Mexico ( Fig. 83 View FIGURE 83 ).
Key for the species of Aamunops gen. n.
1 Males .............................................................................................. 2
- Females............................................................................................. 5
2 Long embolus, equal to or longer than palpal tibia, with a hyaline process reaching the tip ( Figs. 7 View FIGURES 7–11 , 25 View FIGURES 25–30 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 ).............. 3
- Short embolus, length does no reach a third of the palpal tibia length, with small denticles on the tip, with a minute hyaline process ( Figs. 62 View FIGURES 57–64 , 68 View FIGURES 65–69 ).................................................................... Aamunops noono View in CoL
3 Embolus as long as palpal tibia, distal portion bent ( Figs. 26 View FIGURES 25–30 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 )................................................ 4
- Embolus two times longer than palpal tibia, slender, curved ( Figs. 7 View FIGURES 7–11 , 16 View FIGURES 12–18 )........................... Aamunops olmeca View in CoL
4 Thick, rounded embolus tip ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 31–37 ); swollen cymbium ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 25–30 )................................. Aamunops chimpa View in CoL
- Thin, sharpened embolus tip ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 50–56 )......................................................... Aamunops misi View in CoL
5 Anteromedian receptaculum with a V-shaped sclerotized bifid duct ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 7–11 )........................ Aamunops olmeca View in CoL
- Anteromedian receptaculum with a T-shaped sclerotized bifid duct.............................................. 6
6 Sclerotized bifid duct long and thin, wide genital opening ( Figs. 28, 30 View FIGURES 25–30 )............................ Aamunops chimpa View in CoL
- Sclerotized bifid duct short and wide, transverse plate with small projections on the postero-median invagination ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 44–49 ).......................................................................................... Aamunops misi View in CoL
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