Podisus ventralis ( Dallas, 1851 )

Roell, Talita, Brugnera, Ricardo & Lemaître, Valérie A., 2021, Lost and found-Discovery of the presumed lost type of Arma pallipes Dallas new synonymy and description of two new species of Podisus Herrich-Schäffer (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae), Zootaxa 4958 (1), pp. 570-584 : 571-575

Podisus ventralis ( Dallas, 1851)

( Figs. 1–9 , 16–18 , 25–27 , 34–35 , 40–42 , 49–50 )

Arma ventralis Dallas, 1851: 100 ( Figs 1–3 ).

Arma pallipes Dallas, 1851: 101 ( Figs 4–6 ) syn. nov.

Podisus neniator Breddin, 1904: 154 ( Figs 7–9 ) (syn. Thomas 1992: 99).

Podisus (Podisus) ventralis (Dallas) : Stål 1870: 51.

Podisus pallipes (Dallas) : Walker 1867: 144; Stål 1870: 54.

Apateticus (Eupodisus) ventralis (Dallas) : Schouteden 1907: 72.

Apateticus (Eupodisus) neniator (Breddin) : Schouteden 1907: 72.

Apateticus (Eupodisus) pallipes (Dallas) : Schouteden 1907: 72.

Apateticus (Podisus) neniator (Breddin) : Kirkaldy 1909: 20.

Apateticus (Podisus) pallipes (Dallas) : Kirkaldy 1909: 20.

Apateticus (Podisus) ventralis (Dallas) : Kirkaldy 1909: 21.

Podisus ventralis (Dallas) : Thomas 1992: 99.

Types examined. Arma ventralis Dallas , syntype ♀ at NHMUK, labels: “ Venezuela / 47 26”; “21. ARMA VENTRALIS”; “a”; “ Type ”; “NHMUK 010592337”. ( Figs 1–3 )

Arma pallipes Dallas , syntype ♂ at NHMUK, labels: “ Venezuela / 47 26”; “29. ARMA CRASSIMARGO. ”; “a”; “BRIT.MUS”; “ Podisus sp. 1-198”; “NHMUK 010938912”. ( Figs 4–6 )

Podisus neniator Breddin , lectotype ♀ at SDEI, labels: “Balzapamba (Ecuad.) R. Haensch S.”; “ Podisus neniator Bredd.”; “coll. Breddin”; “Holo-typus”; “DEI EBRESWALDE [sic!]”; “DEI Hemimetabola #100183”. ( Figs 7–9 )

Non-types examined. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca, Reserva Chicaque, Refugio , 04.6148667°N, 74.3112833°W, 2221m, 24-28-II-2014, D. Forero col., 2♀ 1♂ ( MPUJ) ; Choachi, La Victoria, N 4° 31, W 73° 55, 1927 m, 18-VI-2011, J. Pérez col., ♂ ( UNAB) ; Boyacá, Buenavista, Patiño, Las Lomas , N 5° 3, W 73° 24, 1989 m, 15-IV-2004, W. Ávila col., ♀ ( UNAB) ; Risaralda, La Suiza, 1900m, VIII-1992, Yaces col., ♀ ( MPUJ) .

Diagnosis. Pronotum without spots, anterolateral pronotal margins calloused, crenulated, paler than pronotal disc; humeral angles angular, without a posterior tooth, laterally directed. Apex of scutellum concolourous with disc ( Figs 1, 4, 7 , 16 ). Apices of parameres obtuse ( Figs 25–27 , 34 , par). Posterior margins of valvifers VIII strongly sinuous, forming a V-projection on posterior angles over valvifers IX ( Fig. 49 , vf 8).

Redescription. Body length 9.86–11.29 mm (♀) and 10 mm (♂).

Body castaneous to brown or rubrous, anterior half of lateral margins of pronotum forming a marginal wide carina, lighter than rest of pronotum. A thin central line mostly without punctures or lighter than rest of dorsum extends from anterior margin of pronotum to posterior margin of scutellum ( Figs 1, 4, 7 , 16, 18 ).

Head subrectangular, mandibular plates uniformly punctured, clypeus as long as or slightly surpassing apex of mandibular plates; ocelli lying behind an imaginary line through posterior margins of compound eyes; antennal tubercles partially visible from above, proportion of antennomeres: I<II>III<IV>V ( Figs 1, 4, 7 , 16, 18 ); bucculae evanescent posteriorly, apex rounded; labium extending to posterior margin of metasternum, proportion of labiomeres: I<II>III>IV ( Figs 2, 5, 8 , 17 ).

Pronotum hexagonal, uniformly punctured; cicatrices flat, almost indistinguishable; anterior and lateral margins concave in dorsal view, lateral margins slightly crenulated and lighter than disc on anterior half, anterior half of lateral margins preceded by a marginal sulcus; humeral angles angular, slightly produced, without a posterior tooth. Scutellum longer than wide, reaching an imaginary line connecting fifth connexives medially; frenal margins longer than post frenal margins. Coria longer than scutellum, each attaining abdominal segment IV, uniformly punctured; hemelytral membranes well surpassing apex of abdomen, with apex spotted in brown ( Figs 1, 4, 7 , 16 ). Pro-, meso- and metasterna covered by small thin setae; prosternum with a weak median carina; mesosternum carinated longitudinally; limit between mesosternum and metasternum tumid; metasternum flat. Pro-, meso-, and metapleura sparsely punctured, evaporatoria on posterior margin of each mesopleura; metapleural evaporatoria surrounding each ostiolar peritreme; each ostiolar peritreme discal-type, elongated, with a darker spot on apical angle; each ostiolar opening directed laterally ( Figs 2, 5, 8 , 17 ).

Abdomen sparsely punctured, posterolateral angles of each connexivum projected as small spines, longer on seventh segment. Mesial tubercle projecting from sternite III not surpassing metacoxae ( Figs 2, 5, 8 , 17 ).

Male. Without glandular patches on ventral surface of abdomen.

Genitalia. Pygophore bowl-shaped, opened posteriorly, setose, setae denser on ventral rim ( Figs 25–27 ); dorsal rim concave with 1+1 dorsal projections near segment X ( Figs 25–27 , dr, dp); ventral rim concave, with 1+1 ventral projections near posterolateral angles ( Fig. 27 , vr, vp, pa); surface between inferior and superior layers of ventral rim excavated ( Figs 26–27 , vr). Posterolateral angles acute, slightly surpassing seventh tergite ( Fig. 5 ). Segment X tubular, ventrally directed. Head of parameres divided into two arms, each apex obtuse, well visible posteriorly ( Figs 25–27 , 34 , par). Pseudoclasper subquadrate, outer margins sinuous, placed dorsolaterally to parameres, with globose projections and elevations ( Figs 25–27 , 35 , pc, om). Phallus. Basal theca and thecal shield subequal in length, thecal shield slightly wider than basal theca ( Figs 40–42 , bt, ts), vesica golf club-shaped in lateral view ( Fig. 41 , v), apices of conjunctival lobes slightly sculptured ( Fig. 40–42 , cl).

Female. Genitalia. Genital plates positioned ventroposteriorly ( Fig. 17 ); valvifers VIII subtriangular, posterior margins setose, strongly sinuous, forming a V-projection on posterior angles over valvifers IX, sutural margins straight, juxtaposed ( Fig. 49 , vf 8). Laterotergites VIII triangular with spiracles on proximal angle ( Fig. 49 , la 8). Exposed portion of valvifers IX rectangular, wider than long ( Fig. 49 , vf 9). Exposed portion of laterotergites IX tongue-like, setose apically ( Fig. 49 , la 9), surpassing segment X and almost attaining mediotergite VIII. Segment X subquadrate ( Fig. 49 , X). Inner portion of valvifers IX projected in 1+1 straight elongated arms with acute apices ( Fig. 50 , vf 9). Valvulae IX with 1+1 small lunate secondary thickenings ( Fig. 50 , tva 9). Ring sclerites small, circular, placed posteriorly to thickening of vaginal intima ( Fig. 50 , rs, tvi); thickening of vaginal intima short, obtuse ( Fig. 50 , tvi); arcus placed right anteriorly of thickening of vaginal intima ( Fig. 50 , ar). Vesicular area almost four times length of pars intermedialis plus capsula seminalis ( Fig. 50 , va, pi, cs). Inner and median ducts of vesicular areas of uniform diameter, median duct slightly enlarged basally ( Fig. 50 , id, md). Pars intermedialis tubular, shorter and narrower than capsula seminalis; capsula seminalis oval, elongated, smooth ( Fig. 50 , pi, cs). Proximal and distal annular crests of similar width ( Fig. 50 , pa, da).

Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador.

Remarks: Dallas (1851) described A. ventralis and A. pallipes in the same work. He examined one or more females of A. ventralis and one or more males of A. pallipes . It is unclear how many specimens he had at the time of the description of each species as the lettering system he used is different from the one that had been agreed for the catalogues of zoological specimens in the collection of the British Museum, the one that, for instance, Francis Walker dutifully followed ( Kondorosy et al. 2006; Roell et al. in prep.). After a morphological analysis of the typespecimens found by Roell et al. (in prep.), we can confirm our original hypothesis: Dallas’s syntype of A. pallipes is the male of Podisus ventralis .

Arma submarginata Walker, 1867 , synonymized under P. ventralis by Thomas (1992), was recently synonymized under Podisus distinctus (Stål, 1860) by Brugnera et al. (2020).

Breddin (1904) described Podisus neniator from an undetermined number of female specimens (syntype (s)). Gaedike (1971), finding a unique female specimen in the collection of SDEI, labelled and listed it as the holotype. As syntypes from Breddin’s collection are still found scattered in many depositories and even still discovered in SDEI by experts of different hemipteran families ( Kondorosy & Rédei 2015; Simões & Campos 2015; Rédei et al. 2016), we have accepted that Gaedike (1971) has designated the female specimen deposited at SDEI as lectotype by inference of holotype ( ICZN 1999, Art. 74.6). Should further syntypes be found, they should be considered paralectotypes.

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. Type specimens examined, in ventral and dorsal views, with their respective labels. 1–3, Arma ventralis (NH- MUK); 4–6, Arma pallipes (NHMUK); 7–9, Podisus neniator (SDEI); 10–12; Podisus graziae sp. n. (MZSP); 13–15, Podisus thomasi sp. n. (NHMUK). 7–9, photographed by Angelika Weirauch (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut); original photos cropped, light levels and contrast adjusted. Scale bars = 4 mm.

FIGURES 16–24. Podisus ventralis (16–18), Podisus graziae sp. n. (19–21), and Podisus thomasi sp. n. (22–24) in dorsal and ventral views, and detail of head and pronotum. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURES 25–33. Male pygophore of Podisus ventralis (25–27), Podisus graziae sp. n. (28–30), and Podisus thomasi sp. n. (31–33) in dorsal (25, 28, 31), posterior (26, 29, 32) and ventral (27, 30, 33) views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection; dr, dorsal rim; pa, posterolateral angle; il, inferior layer of ventral rim; par, paramere; pc, pseudoclasper; sl, superior layer of ventral rim; vp, ventral projection; vr, ventral rim. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 34–39. Male right parameres (34, 36, 38) and right pseudoclaspers (35, 37, 39) of Podisus ventralis (34–35), Podisus graziae sp. n. (36–37), and Podisus thomasi sp. n. (38–39). Abbreviations: im, inner margin; om, outer margin. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 40–48. Phallus of Podisus ventralis (40–42), Podisus graziae sp. n. (43–45), and Podisus thomasi sp. n. (46–48) in posterior (40, 43, 46), lateral (41, 44, 47) and anterior (42, 45, 48) views. Abbreviations: bt, basal theca; cl, conjunctival lobes; ts, thecal shield; v, vesica. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 49–54. External (49, 51, 53) and internal (50, 52, 54) female genitalia of Podisus ventralis (49–50), Podisus graziae sp. n. (51–52), and Podisus thomasi sp. n. (53–54). Abbreviations: ar, arcus; cs, capsula seminalis; da, distal annular crest; id, inner duct; la9, laterotergites IX; md, median duct; od, outer duct; pa, proximal annular crest; pi, pars intermedialis; rs, ring sclerites; tvi, thickening of vaginal intima; tva 9, thickening of valvulae IX; va, vesicular area; vf8, valvifers VIII; vf9, valvifers IX; X, segment X. Scale bars: 49, 51, 53 = 0.5 mm; 50, 52, 54 = 0.1 mm.