Salvia pugana J.G.González & Art.Castro, 2013

González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe & Castro-Castro, Arturo, 2013, New insights on Salvia platyphylla (Lamiaceae) and description of S. pugana and S. albiterrarum, two new species from Jalisco, Mexico, Phytotaxa 93 (2), pp. 47-60 : 52-54

Salvia pugana J.G.González & Art.Castro , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 C–D , 3 , and 4 B)

A Salvia playphyllae affinis sed calyces grandioribus (7.0–)8.8–10.2(–10.7) × 4.6–5.2 vs. 5.4–6.8(–7.3) × 2.8–3.8 mm), corollis magenteis (vs. caeruleis), corollarum tubis grandioribus (8.7–9.6(–12.7) × (3.4–)4.0–4.6(–5.8) vs. (4.7–)6.0–8.3 × 2.9–3.2 mm) et interne nudis (vs. rugis binis ornatis), filis longioribus (3.8–5.2 vs. 1.8–3.2 mm), gubernaculis longioribus (6.3–11.2 vs. 4.0–6.0 mm) et nuculis latioribus (1.9–2.2 vs. 1.4–1.7 mm) differt.

Type: — MEXICO. Jalisco: Cuautla : 12.8 km al SE de Los Volcanes por la carretera rumbo a Cuautla, entre el crucero de Fresno Hueco y Tierras Blancas, 20.251337ºN, 104.485552ºW, 1888 m, 31 July 2012 (fl, fr), J . González-Gallegos , A . Castro-Castro & M . A . Carrasco-Ortiz 1245 (holotype IBUG!, isotypes IEB!, MEXU!) .

Perennial herb, erect or sometimes procumbent, 50–60 cm tall, sparsely pilose. Leaves with petioles 0.3–1.3(– 2.4) cm long, pilose or glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate-deltoid, 2.0–5.5 × 2.1–4.6 cm, acute, obtuse to rounded at apex, truncate to cordate at base, broad serrate to crenate margin, both surfaces pilose, chiefly on the veins, or glabrous, lower one covered with glandular dots. Inflorescence 19–38 cm long, with 4–9 verticillasters, these 2–4(–6)-flowered, 3.3–5.5 cm apart from each other toward the base, floral axis hispidulous and covered with glandular-capitate hairs in the portion between the last leaves and the first verticillaster. Floral bract ovate-lanceolate, 2.8–4.9 × 0.7–1.0 mm, deciduous, acute at apex, truncate at base, entire margin, outer surface pilose, the inner glabrous; bracteoles present at the base of each pedicel, linear, 0.5–1.0(–1.9) × 0.1–0.3 mm, deciduous, pilose and glandular-dotted. Pedicel 2.8–4.6 mm long, up to 5.3 mm long in fruit, dense to sparsely pilose. Calyx (7.0–)8.8–10.2(–10.7) mm long, 4.6–5.2 mm wide at the throat, glandular-dotted, hispidulous to pilose on the veins, internally glabrous, sometimes verrucose or hispidulous toward the apex, lips acute and ciliate at the margins, the upper one 7-veined and entire. Corolla light magenta with white guides on the lower lip, upper lip and ventral portion of the lower one pilose; tube 8.7–9.6(–12.7), ventricose, (3.4–)4.0–4.6(–5.8) mm wide at the widest portion, slightly invaginated to straight at base and internally naked; upper lip 4.7–6.4(–7.5) mm long, lower lip (8.0–)11.0–14.0 × 10.0– 12.2 mm long. Stamens included; filament 3.8–5.2 long; connective 6.3–11.2 mm long, slightly curved and geniculate, the tooth irregular; theca 1.4–1.7(–3.3) mm long; staminodes present above and behind the insertion of the filaments, filiform. Gynobasic horn 0.8–1.1 mm long; style 13–15 mm long, pilose at the apex and before the branches, only the upper branch arquate and exserted from the upper lip, the lower stigmatic branch slightly sigmoid to acute and slightly curved at apex. Nutlet ovoid, 2.7–2.8 × 1.9–2.2 mm, dark brown marbled with light brown, glabrous, smooth.

Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Salvia pugana grows exclusively in the state of Jalisco, in the municipalities of Atenguillo, Cuautla, Mixtlán and Tecolotlán ( Fig. 3 ). It inhabits oak, oak-pine and pine-oak forests from (1577–) 1830–2150 m a.s.l. ( Table 1). It shares habitat with the trees Agarista mexicana (Hemsl.) Judd. , Juniperus flaccida , Pinus oocarpa , Quercus magnoliifolia , Q. obtusata , Q. resinosa , and the herbs Bletia ensifolia , Dahlia pugana Aarón Rodr. & Art.Castro , Ipomoea capillaceae , Mandevilla foliosa Hemsl. , Oplismenus burmanni (Retz.) P.Beauv. , Scutellaria dumetorum Schltdl. , Verbesina linearis (McVaugh) B.L.Turner. It flowers and fructifies in July and August.

Etimology: —This species is named to honor Luz María Villarreal de Puga, one of those rare persons who appear from time to time and that, with tenacity, succeed in a positive and significant transformation of the surroundings. She has fostered arduously the study and conservation of Mexican flora and vegetation. The Instituto de Botánica (Botanical Institute) from Guadalajara, and IBUG herbarium owe their existence to her.

Taxonomic relationships: — Salvia pugana matches well within Salvia sect. Sigmoideae . It is quite morphologically similar to S. platyphylla ; however, it differs in having bigger calyces, (7.0–)8.8–10.2(–10.7) × 4.6–5.2 vs. 5.4–6.8(–7.3) × 2.8–3.8 mm), pale magenta corollas (vs. sky blue; Fig. 1 A-B vs. 1C-D), bigger corolla tubes (8.7–9.6(–12.7) × (3.4–)4.0–4.6(–5.8) vs. (4.7–)6.0–8.3 × 2.9–3.2 mm), longer filaments (3.8– 5.2 vs. 1.8–3.2 mm), longer connectives (6.3–11.2 vs. 4.0–6.0 mm) and with ventral teeth less developed ( Fig. 4A vs. 4B), and wider nutlets (1.9–2.2 vs. 1.4–1.7 mm; Table 1, Fig. 4 ). Salvia platyphylla and S. pugana grow in similar habitats in terms of vegetation type and altitude range ( Table 1); however, the latter manifests a narrower geographical distribution, it is restricted to three contiguous mountain ranges in Jalisco: Sierra de Quila, Sierra Verde and Sierra de Jolapa; while, S. platyphylla , besides being present in these mountain ranges, extends its distribution to south and east of Jalisco, and south of Zacatecas ( Table 1, Fig. 3 ), and it is more frequent.

Additional material examined (paratypes): — MEXICO. Jalisco: Mixtlán: Sol de Oro , 23 km al N de Los Volcanes-Atenguillo, 20º23’N, 104º33’W, 1830 m, 8 July 1985 (fl, fr), P . Tenorio-L. & P.T. Ramamoorthy 9214 ( CHAPA!, IBUG!, IEB!, XAL!); cerro de Santa Cruz de El Roble, 3.3 km al SE de La Estanzuela, carretera Guadalajara a Mascota , 20º30’13.79”N, 104º21’18.74”W, 1577 m, 21 July 2011 (fl, fr), J . González- Gallegos et al. 1050 ( IBUG!); Santa Cruz del Roble, carretera Ameca a Talpa de Allende , 3.3 km al SW de La Estanzuela, 20º30’13.5”N, 104º21’16.8”W, 1579 m, 27 July 2011 (fl, fr), J . González-Gallegos et al. 1053 ( IBUG!). Tecolotlán: Sierra de Quila , Quila El Grande, 3 km al S al cruzar el arroyo El Ahogado, camino al Paraje El Columpio, 30 July 1989 (fl), J. J . Guerrero-N. et al. 226 ( IBUG!, IEB!); Sierra de Quila, ladera sur del cerro Huehuentón , 5 August 1989 (fl, fr), J. J . Guerrero-N. 277 ( IBUG!). Tenamaxtlán: ladera sur del segundo Picachito, Sierra de Quila , 2000 m, 22 July 2000 (fl, fr), J. A . Machuca-N. & M.J. Cházaro-B. 8461 (IBUG!, IEB!).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Salvia platyphylla flowers. A) lateral view, B) frontal view; S. pugana flowers. C) lateral view, D) frontal view; S. albiterrarum flowers. E) lateral view, F) frontal view. A–B taken in La Campana, Atenguillo, Jalisco, and C–D taken in Santa Cruz del Roble, Atenguillo, Jalisco, by J.G. González-Gallegos; E–F taken in Tierras Blancas, Cuautla, Jalisco, by A. Castro-Castro.

FIGURE 3. Distribution map for Salvia platyphylla (triangles), S. pugana (circles) and S. albiterrarum (single square).

FIGURE 4. Comparison of floral morphology from left to right: flower, corolla showing the position of connectives inside, style, and connective with theca. S. platyphylla, row A (based on J. González-Gallegos & A. Castro-Castro 1026); S. pugana, row B (based on type material J. González-Gallegos et al. 1245); and S. albiterrarum, row C (based on type material J. González-Gallegos et al. 1246). Drawn by Daniel Barba-López.