Heteralepas japonica (Aurivillius, 1892)

Pitriana, Pipit, Valente, Luis, von Rintelen, Thomas, Jones, Diana S., Prabowo, Romanus E. & von Rintelen, Kristina, 2020, An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia, ZooKeys 945, pp. 17-83 : 17

Heteralepas japonica (Aurivillius, 1892) Figure 3a-g , Table 1: species no. 1

Alepas japonica Aurivillius, 1892: 125: Aurivillius 1894: 28, pl. II figs 14, 15, pl. VIII figs 3, 7, pl. IX fig. 3.

Alepas indica Gruvel, 1901: 259: Gruvel 1905a: 162, fig. 179.

Heteralepas (Heteralepas) japonica : Pilsbry 1907a: 101.

Heteralepas (Heteralepas) japonica var. alba Krüger, 1911a: 34, pl. 1 fig. 2b.

Heteralepas (Heteralepas) dubia Broch, 1922: 288, fig. 38.

Heteralepas japonica : Pilsbry 1911a: 71, fig. 4; Zevina et al. 1992: 31, fig. 19; Chan et al. 2009a: 61; Chan et al. 2009b: 88-91, figs 2A-D, 3A-D, 4, 5.

Material examined.

Deep-Sea: 32 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 050, Stn.23 Mooring Lifamatola, 250 m, coll. N. Fitriya, 9 Nov 2016; 13 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 051, Stn.39 Mooring Halmahera Seas, 250 m, coll. N. Fitriya, 13 Nov 2016; 27 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 052, Stn.56 MO2, 200 m, coll. N. Fitriya, 23 Nov 2016; 42 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 053, Stn.58 MO3, 250 m, coll. N. Fitriya, 25 Nov 2016.

GenBank accession numbers.

COI gene (MK995372), 18S (MK981386).

Diagnosis.

Capitulum rounded without hard valves and opercular plates, wall of capitulum tick with crest not more than two on the carinal region; cirrus I with filamentary appendage at the basal region; anterior rami shorter than posterior rami in cirri V-VI; caudal appendage present; maxillule strongly notched.

Description.

Orifice slightly protuberant, crenulated, occupying one half to one third capitular length, parallel to or at oblique angle to capitulum; integument thick, chitinous; carinal margin sometimes with warty protuberances on slight keel; peduncle naked; colour of capitulum and peduncle yellowish (Fig. 3a-c ). Cirrus I with anterior rami (19-segmented) shorter than posterior rami (25-segmented) and a filamentary appendage present at the basal region (Fig. 3d ); cirri II - IV long, slender, anterior rami of cirri V and VI shorter than posterior rami; cirrus VI has a caudal appendage with 20-segmented and one fourth length of anterior ramus (Fig. 3e ). Mandible with four large teeth excluding inferior angle (Fig. 3f ); maxillule strongly notched with two big teeth on upper angle and blade-shaped setae on cutting margin (Fig. 3g ); labrum concave, teeth numerous. Ranges of height of capitulum 11.9-18.6 mm, width 8.7-15.3 mm, thickness 7.0-13.3 mm; length of peduncle 7.7-27.6 mm and width 5.1-10.4 mm (measurements for 25 specimens are presented in Suppl. material 1: Table S2).

Distribution.

Heteralepas japonica is widely distributed in Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Singapore, Malacca Str., Indonesia; Malay Archipelago; Vietnam; Condor Island; S China Sea; E China Sea; Taiwan, Philippines; S Japan; NE New Zealand; fouling hard rock substrata, crabs, gorgonians, antipatharians, deep-sea cables; 48-500 m ( Jones and Hosie 2016). In this study, Heteralepas japonica was found attached to cable moorings in Lifamatola Sea and Halmahera Sea (a map with the occurrence of Heteralepas japonica in the Moluccas is shown in Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1).

Remarks.

The external appearance of this species is extremely variable ( Nilsson-Cantell 1927). After an extensive study of H. japonica , Nilsson-Cantell could not distinguish H. japonica and H. indica (Gruvel, 1901) and placed the latter in synonymy with H. japonica , and later authors have followed this suggestion (e.g., Broch 1931, Utinomi 1958). At the same time, Nilsson-Cantell (1927) also suggested that H. nicobarica Annandale, 1909, H. gigas Annandale, 1905 and H. cygnus Pilsbry, 1907 could be invalid species and future revision may synonymize some or all of them. Zullo and Newman (1964) pointed out the uncertainty surrounding the status of several of the species assigned to Heteralepas due to a lack of zoogeographic and morphological data, since extensive collections are unavailable. Furthermore, Foster (1978) suggested that a revision of the genus was called for since the variability of H. japonica , as noted by Foster and tabulated by Nilsson-Cantell (1927), encompasses characters which have been used to distinguish several different species by other authors (e.g., H. dubia Broch, 1922, H. cornuta Darwin, 1852, H. indica Gruvel, 1901, H. lankestri Gruvel, 1900).

Figures

Figure 3. Heteralepas japonica (Aurivillius, 1892) (MZB Cru Cir 050 - 2) a side view showing the capitulum and peduncle b upper view showing the capitulum and peduncle c side view showing the opening of operculum d cirrus I showing the filamentary appendage at the basal region e cirrus VI showing the caudal appendage f mandible g maxillule. Scale bars: 5 mm (a-c); 2 mm (d); 3 mm (e); 0.5 mm (f-g).