Dendrina dendrina ( Morris, 1851 ) dendrina (Morris, 1851

Wisshak, Max, 2017, Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 390, pp. 1-99 : 16-18

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2017.390

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853679

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758-BA79-9F39-4E54-2450FAD4F80C

treatment provided by

Carolina

scientific name

Dendrina dendrina ( Morris, 1851 )
status

comb. nov.

Dendrina dendrina ( Morris, 1851) comb. nov.

Fig. 2 View Fig

Talpina dendrina Morris, 1851: 87 , pl. IV, figs 6b, 7.

Dendrina crassa Hofmann, 1996: 70 , pl. 5, figs 1–4 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig .

Dendrina fluensis Hofmann, 1996: 72 , pl. 6, figs 3–6.

Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996 (partim): 78, pl. 8, figs 5–6.

Dendrina – Quenstedt 1849 (partim): 470, pl. 30, figs 36 (upper three dendrinids), 37 (upper two dendrinids); 1885 (partim): 496, pl. 38, fig. 39 (individuals labelled “d”). — Radwański 1972 (partim): 257, figs 1–4 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig . — Hillmer & Schulz 1973 (partim): pl. 1, figs 1–2 View Fig View Fig . — Whittlesea 2005 (partim): 18, figs 1 View Fig , 3.

Without name – Dacqué 1921 (partim): 457, fig. 214 (reproduced from Quenstedt 1849). — Gravesen & Jakobsen 2011: 77, fig. 8.

Talpina dendrina – Voigt 1929: 122, pl. IV, figs 9–10.

Dendrina belemniticola – Mägdefrau 1937 (partim): 55, pl. IV, figs 1 View Fig (bottom individual), 6, 8. — Häntzschel 1962 (partim): W230, fig. 144-2 (reproduced from Mägdefrau 1937); 1975 (partim): W127, fig. 78-7 (reproduced from Mägdefrau 1937). — Pugaczewska 1965: pl. 1, fig. 2. — Nadjin 1969 (partim): 138, fig. 53 (reproduced from Quenstedt 1849), pl. III, fig. 7, pl. IV, figs 1 View Fig (bottom trace), 6, 8 (reproduced from Mägdefrau 1937). — Voigt 1972 (partim): 95, pl. 1, figs 3a–c (reproduced from Quenstedt 1849), pl. 2, figs 1c View Fig , 2–3c, 6d ( fig. 1d View Fig reproduced from Quenstedt 1849, fig. 4 reproduced from Quenstedt 1885). — Kutscher 1972 (partim): 27, figs 3–5. — Nestler 1975 (partim): 108, fig. 159b reproduced from Quenstedt 1849). — Schnick 1992 (partim): 112, pl. 3, fig. 4, pl. 4, fig. 5. — Girod & Rösner 2013 (partim): 280, fig. 12. — Rudolph 2014 (partim): 18, fig. 23.

Rosetten-Form A – Hofmann 1996: (partim;?) 83, pl. 10, fig. 3.

Dendrina ordoplana – Plewes 1996: 166, pl. 22, figs 5–8, pl. 23, figs 1–7 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig .

? Dendrina belemniticola – Hoşgör & Košt’ák 2012: 38, fig. 4I.

Original diagnosis

n/a

Emended diagnosis

Rosette of irregular to sub-circular outline, with loosely spaced galleries radiating from the centre in meandering fashion, ramifying with widened bi- and trifurcations of various angles, only rarely forming anastomoses. In larger individuals, additional tiers may develop.

Original description

This form has a very dendritic appearance, the branches are compressed, closely aggregated, generally arising from a common centre, and diverging in a somewhat radiating manner, variously dichotomous and rarely anastomosing.

Supplementary description

Plewes (1996) provided the following comprehensive description of the junior synonym D. ordoplana : “Tiers are visible in hole material through the semi-transparent belemnite, but these are more clearly illustrated in cast material. As individuals increase in size and bore more deeply in a series of tiers, the substrate between the branches becomes lighter in colour due to the borings beneath it. Cast material shows this increase in depth and increased complexity of boring in more detail. Borings begin as a small single tiered rosette which bores parallel to the substrate surface. As the trace becomes larger, the diameter and depth of the boring increases until complex tiered traces result. Up to three tiers of branches have developed in the material cast here. As the boring becomes more extensive there is a concomitant increase in the number of small interconnections with the substrate surface.” Also based on SEM observations of epoxy resin casts, Hofmann (1996) provided the complementing information for the junior synonyms D. crassa and D. fluensis that galleries are oval in cross section (parallel to the substrate surface), have diameters of 100 to 250 µm, branching points may be considerably widened (300 to 600 µm), branching angles range from 30° to 70°, the rosette is developed some 50 to 90 µm below the substrate surface and distal connections to the latter measure 25 to 50 µm in diameter. The diameter of the rosette was reported to range from 1 to 6 mm ( Plewes 1996, measured from plates 22–23; Hofmann 1996, for junior synonyms D. crassa and D. fluensis ).

Type material, locality and horizon

The Morris types are found in a belemnite rostrum (broken in two parts) from the Upper Cretaceous Norfolk Chalk near Norwich, Great Britain. The type stratum was not further specified by Morris, but the Upper Cretaceous at Norfolk comprises the Turonian to lower Maastrichtian and the belemnite genus Belemnitella d’Orbigny, 1840 narrows down the stratigraphical range to the upper Campanian to lower Maastrichtian. The type material is deposited at the Natural History Museum in London ( PI A 559). The belemnite contains, apart from many other bioerosion trace fossils, about ten specimens of D. dendrina . Morris did not designate a holotype, but one of the specimens ( Fig. 2 View Fig E–G) is encircled with ink and corresponds to the position of trace 6b on figure 6 on the original plate ( Morris 1851: pl. IV, fig. 6). Based on this circumstance, and due to this specimen clearly exhibiting the diagnostic inlet tunnel, it is hereby designated as the lectotype, rendering the other specimens (e.g., Fig. 2 View Fig H–I) on the same belemnite paralectotypes.

Remarks

Dendrina dendrina is primarily distinguished from D. belemniticola by the more irregular outline of the rosette and the more loosely spaced galleries that branch in perpendicular to acute angles and often follow a meandering course. In addition, multiple and interconnected tiers are a common phenomenon in D. dendrina that is only rarely observed in D. belemniticola . Distinction is complicated in the case of juvenile specimens or mature specimens with a very dense branching and nearly circular outline.

PI

Paleontological Institute

Kingdom

Fungi

Phylum

Ascomycota

Class

Globothalamea

Order

Rotaliida

Family

Anomalinidae

Genus

Dendrina

Loc

Dendrina dendrina ( Morris, 1851 )

Wisshak, Max 2017
2017
Loc

Dendrina belemniticola

Hosgor I. & Kost'ak M. 2012: 38
2012
Loc

Dendrina crassa

Hofmann K. 1996: 70
1996
Loc

Dendrina fluensis

Hofmann K. 1996: 72
1996
Loc

Dendrina ordoplana

Plewes C. R. 1996: 166
1996
Loc

Talpina dendrina

Voigt E. 1929: 122
1929
Loc

Talpina dendrina Morris, 1851: 87

Morris J. 1851: 87
1851
Loc

Dendrina

Quenstedt 1849
Radwański 1972
Hillmer & Schulz 1973
Whittlesea 2005
Loc

Dendrina belemniticola

Mägdefrau 1937
Häntzschel 1962
Mägdefrau 1937
1975
Voigt 1972
Kutscher 1972
Nestler 1975
Schnick 1992
Girod & Rösner 2013
Rudolph 2014
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