Haplogonatopus oratorius ( Westwood, 1833 )

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 350-354

2. Haplogonatopus oratorius ( Westwood, 1833)

( Plates 104C, D , 105A, B )

Gonatopus oratorius Westwood 1833: 496 ; Richards 1935: 145.

Gonatopus mayeti Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 103 (synonymized by Abdul-Nour 1974); type locality: Austria.

Dicondylus oratorius (Westwood) : Kieffer 1907: 22.

Haplogonatopus atratus Esaki & Hashimoto 1932: 25 (synonymized by Olmi 1993d); type locality: Utsunomiya ( Japan); Kitamura 1982: 172; Olmi 1984: 1413; Chen 1988: 45; Olmi 1993d: 51.

Monogonatopus oratorius (Westwood) : Richards 1939: 200; Raatikainen 1961: 131; Currado & Olmi 1972: 143; Abdul-Nour 1974: 1015.

Haplogonatopus suchovi Ponomarenko 1970: 429 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type locality: Omsk (Siberia, Russia).

Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood) : Olmi & Currado 1979b: 39; Olmi 1984: 1409; Tussac 1988: 118; Olmi 1989a: 7; Olmi 1993d: 51; Olmi 1994: 65; Olmi 1995g: 5; Xu & He 1996b: 129; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 180–252; Tussac & Olmi 1998: 491; Olmi 1999a: 227; Olmi 1999b: 28; He & Xu 2002: 315; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 37, 50; Xu et al. 2012a: 13.

Haplogonatopus katangae (Benoit) : Xu & He 1995b: 594 (misidentified); He & Xu 2002: 309 (misidentified).

Haplogonatopus apicalis R. Perkins : Sugiura et al. 2004: 11 (misidentified).

Haplogonatopus oratrius (sic) (Westwood) : Mita et al. 2012: 50.

Description of female ( Plate 105A ). Apterous; length 2.0– 3.1 mm. Head brown or black, except anterior region of face, clypeus and mandible yellow; antenna brown, except segments 1–2 and 10 yellow; mesosoma reddish or testaceous; petiole and metasoma black; legs yellow-testaceous. Occasionally body totally black. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 7:5:9:5:5:5:4:4:5:8. Head excavated, shiny, weakly granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina absent; POL = 2; OL = 2; OOL = 7; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli about as long as POL. Palpal formula 2/1. Pronotum shiny, smooth, unsculptured, not crossed by strong transverse impression. Scutum dull, hairless, sculptured by some longitudinal keels. Metathorax + propodeum shiny, unsculptured, except transverse striae on posterior surface, metanotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Protarsal segments in following proportions: 13:2:3:8:13. Enlarged claw ( Plate 104D ) with one subapical tooth and one row of four–five lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Plate 104D ) with two rows of 6–12 lamellae; distal apex with about three–nine lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

Description of male ( Plate 105B ). Fully winged; length 2.2–2.5 mm. Head black, except mandible yellow-brown; antenna brown; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs brown, except tarsi testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 6:5:11:10:10:10:9:9:8:11; antennal segment 3 more than four times as long as broad (about 4.4). Head shiny, hairy, granulated; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; POL = 7; OL = 2.5; OOL = 2; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli much longer than OOL (4:2); temple distinct; occiput concave. Palpal formula 2/1. Scutum dull, granulated. Notauli complete, posteriorly strongly converging, but running parallel near posterior margin of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum dull, finely punctate. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Dorsal process of paramere ( Plate 104C ) long, slender, little distally broadened. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of G. oratorius : UNITED KINGDOM: England, Surrey, Ripley ( HMO); ♀ holotype of G. mayeti : AUSTRIA ( ENSAM); ♀ lectotype (designated by Olmi, 1984) of H. atratus : JAPAN: Honshu, Tochigi Pref., Utsunomiya , Gunma, 6.VI.1931, E. Amano leg. ( ELKU); ♀ holotype of H. suchovi : RUSSIA: Western Siberia, Omsk, 1940, K.S. Suchov leg. ( ZMM) ( Ponomarenko, 1992 ). Paratype of H. atratus : JAPAN: same label locality as lectotype, 1♂ paralectotype ( ELKU). Paratypes of H. suchovi : same locality label as holotype, 12♀♀ and 5♂ ( ZMM). Other material. CHINA: Fujian ( Xu & He, 2003); Guangdong, Mt. Yunjishan , parasitized host collected 9.VI.2002, dryinid cocooning 11.VI.2002, dryinid adult emerged 26.VI.2002, reared from an unidentified species of Delphacid, M. Olmi leg., 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, parasitized host collected 9.VI.2002, 8♀♀ ( MOLC); Guangdong, Zhaoqing, 1 8.V.1998, Yufang Liu leg., 1♀ and 2♂ ( ZJUC); Guizhou, Sinan , IX.1986, VIII.1991, 3♀♀ ( ZJUC); Hubei, Zhuxi , 1981, 1♀ ( ZJUC); Shaanxi, Ningshan County, 6.V.2011, Chengyuan Jin leg., 1♀ and 1♂ ( SCAU); Zhejjiang, Hangzhou , Junhua He leg., 4♀♀ and 21♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejjiang, Lin'an, Junhua He leg., 15♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejjiang, Jiashan , Junhua He leg., 2♀♀ and 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejjiang, Shangyu , IX.1984, Haifu Wei leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Zhejjiang, Lishui , VI–VIII.1981, Junhua He leg., 1♀ and 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Wenzhou, Junhua He leg., 10♀♀ and 10♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Yiwu, 1–3.VIII.1986, Xiaoming Lou leg., 7♂ ( ZJUC). JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands, Iriomote-jima, 30.VI.2003, Sugiura leg., 1♀ ( Sugiura et al., 2004); Ogasawara (= Bonin ) Islands ( Mita et al., 2012). Palaearctic: H. oratorius is broadly spread in the Palaearctic, where it is known from Austria, China, France, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Romania, Russia (including Siberia), South Korea, Spain, Turkey and United Kingdom. In China it is known from the following locality: Inner Mongolia, Bayanzhouer, 15–22.VII.2008, Bo Qiu & Huayan Chen leg., 1♀ ( SCAU); Liaoning, Shenyang , 7.VI.1995, Juxian Lou leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Xinjiang, Mosuowan , 10.IX.1985, 1♀ ( ZJUC); Shandong, Weixian , V.1966, 1♀ ( ZJUC); Shandong, Shanghe , VII–VIII.2003, Jiahe Yan leg., 2♀♀ ( SCAU). Australian region: MARIANA ISLANDS: Guam, Talofofo ( BMNH); Guam, Dededo , ex cocoon on taro ( BPBM); Guam, Libugon , on taro ( AMNH) .

Hosts. Delphacidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006): in China: Saccharosydne procerus (Metsumura) ( He & Xu, 2002) ; in France: Javesella pellucida (Fabricius) , Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) ; in Guam ( Mariana Islands): Tarophagus proserpina (Kirkaldy) ; in Italy: Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) , Megadelphax sordidulus (Stål) ; in Japan: Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) ( Esaki & Hashimoto, 1932; Mita et al., 2012), Hosunka hakonensis (Matsumura) ( Mita et al., 2012) , Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) , Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) ( Kitamura, 1982) (see remarks after the key to the Oriental species of Haplogonatopus ); in South Korea: Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) ; in Siberia ( Russia): Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) ; in Turkey: Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) , Toya propinqua (Fieber) ; in Ukraina: Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) .

Biology. Information on the biology in Japan by Nishioka (1980), Kitamura (1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, 1989a, 1989b), Yamada (1996), Yamada & Miyamoto (1998), Yamada & Kawamura (1999), Yamada & Kitashiro (2002), Yamada & Watanabe (2002), Yamada & Sugaura (2003) and Mita et al. (2012). The papers of Koyama (1989, 1991a, 1991b, 1993), Koyama et al. (1988, 1989), Koyama & Mitsuhashi (1989, 1990a, 1990b) and Abe & Koyama (1991) are of difficult interpretation, because the above authors mistook Haplogonatopus atratus Esaki & Hashimoto (= H. oratorius ) for Gonatopus lucens (Olmi) . Their data are related to G. lucens if the hosts are Cicadellidae , to H. atratus if the hosts are Delphacidae . This mistake is common to other authors. In the Oriental region, Chandra mistook Haplogonatopus apicalis R. Perkins (attacking Delphacidae ) for G. lucens (Olmi) (attacking Cicadellidae ). In the environments of Viterbo (Central Italy) H. oratorius overwinters as cocoon, rarely as larva in parasitized planthoppers. In Japan, it overwinters as larva in nymphs of L. striatellus ( Mita et al., 2012) . In Japan, Kitamura (1989a) reported the presence of overwintering nymphs and a relatively high ratio of parasitism (9–34%) by H. oratorius from winter to spring in Shimane ( Mita et al., 2012).

Natural enemies. According to Xu & He (2003) H. oratorius can be parasitized in China, Fujian, by Cheiloneurus exitiosus (R. Perkins) (= Echthrogonatopus lateocaudatus Xu & He, 2003 ).

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Japan (Ryukyus, Ogasawara), in addition to Mariana Islands ( Guam) and many countries of Eastern (Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Shandong ( China); Honshu ( Japan); Siberia ( Russia); South Korea) and Western Palaearctic region (from Spain to European Russia).

Figures

PLATE 104. A. Dorsal view. B, C. Male genitalia. D. Chela. A. Haplogonatopus apicalis, Male. Length 2.0 mm. B. H. apicalis from Sri Lanka (from Olmi 1984). C. H. oratorius (=H. atratus) from Japan (from Olmi 1984). D. H. oratorius from Italy (from Olmi 1984). Scale bar 0.09 mm for B, 0.13 mm for C and 0.18 mm for D.

PLATE 105. A. Haplogonatopus oratorius, female from Italy, lateral view. Length 2.5 mm. B. H. oratorius, male from Italy, lateral view. Length 2.3 mm. (From Olmi 1984).