Rhinolophus canuti, Thomas & Wroughton, 1909

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 317

76 . Knud’s Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus canuti

French: Rhinolophe de Knud /German: Knud-Andersen-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Knud

Other common names: Canut's Horseshoe Bat, Canuti Horseshoe Bat

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 ,

“ Island ofJava ,” Indonesia. Restricted by O. Thomas and R.. Wroughton in 1909 to “Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S.Java .”

Rhinolophus canuti is included in the euryotis species group and is probably related to . creaghi and R arcuatus , although it has not yet been included in any phylogenetic studies. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

. c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Java (three localities), and Nusa Barong ail'd Bali Is.

. c. timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979 — Timor I.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 51-62 mm, tail 19-24 mm, ear 21-24- 1 mm, forearm 47-6-51- 2 mm. Fur is long and fine. Dorsal pelage is variable, ranging from dark red to wood brown (hairs paler at base), and ventral pelage varies between wood brown and light drab. Ears are large. Noseleafhas concave sided lancet; connecting process is very low (slightly more developed in timorensis', and curved, and has fringe of hairs along the edge; sella gradually narrows to rounded tip and there is a tuft ofhair between sella and lancet (hairs much less dense than in Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat, R creaghi ), which varies in color from reddish brown (timorensis) to straw yellow (canuti); horseshoe is wide (c.ll mm). Skull is heavily built (zygomatic breadth slightly exceeding mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are well inflated and extend posteriorly; lateral swellings are prominent; posterior swellings are relatively reduced; rostral profile is sharply concave; sagittal crest is well developed; frontal depression is well to moderately developed; supraorbital crests have sharp ridges. C 1 is moderately strong and long; P2 is relatively large and within the tooth row, or crowded slighdy out of line; P3 is small and completely extruded, or rarely missing; P9 and P4 are in contact Dental formula is the usual of 32 teeth for the genus, or only 30 teeth when a lower premolar is missing.

Habitat. Found almost exclusively in intact forest, although it may occasionally forage over cultivated land. Recorded at 550 m on Timor.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves by day.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat appears to roost in large colonies.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCNed List. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat is currendy only known from a few scattered localities. It prefers undisturbed forests, which severely limits its distribution. The species was thought perhaps to be extinct inJava, but recent sampling efforts have shown that it is still present. This species is threatened by deforestation and roost disturbance throughout its distribution.

Bibliography. Csorba eta/. (2003), Goodwin (1979), Hutson, Kingston & Csorba (2008), Ikranagara eta/. (2014).

Figures

On following pages: 78. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryotis); 79. Sulawesi Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus tatah; 80. Poso Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus belligerator); 81. Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis); 82. Arcuate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus arcuatus); 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus inops); 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subrufus); 85. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rufus); 86. Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis); 87. Homfray's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis); 88. Croslet Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus coelophyllus); 89. Shamel's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shameli); 90. Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus microglobosus); 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno).

Subspecies and Distribution. . c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Java (three localities), and Nusa Barong ail'd Bali Is. . c. timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979 — Timor I.