Rhinolophus euryotis, Temminck, 1835

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 318

78 . New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus euryotis

French: Rhinolophe euryote I German: Neuguinea-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Nueva Guinea

Other common names: Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat, New Guinea Horseshoe Bat

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus euryotis Tem - minck, 1835 ,

Ambon Island , Molucca Islands, Indonesia.

Rhinolophus euryotis is placed in the euryotis species group. It appears to be sister to an undescribed species from the central highlands of Sulawesi that is usually considered a population of R. arcuatus . Only populations from mainland New Guinea have been studied genetically; the forms from a number of islands between New Guinea and Sulawesi still need to be tested, including the type locality of R. euryotis ; the validity and relationships of the various races is still unclear. Five subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

R.e. euryotis Temminck, 1835 — C Moluccas Is ( Ambon and Seram) and Tanimbar Is.

R.e. aruensis K. Andersen, 1907 — Aru Is.

R. e. burius Hinton, 1925 — C Moluccas Is (Buru).

R. e. praestans K.Andersen, 1905 — Kai Is.

R. e. timidus K. Andersen, 1905 - N Moluccas Is (Halmahera and Bacan), New Guinea (including Waigeo, Batanta, and Yapen Is), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland), and Trobriand Is (Kiriwina).

Descriptive notes. Head—body 54-73 mm, tail 16—28 mm, ear 19—26- 5 mm, hindfoot 11—15 mm, forearm 50—60 mm; weight 14-1—27- 5 g. Dorsal pelage is brown (hairs paler drab basally), whereas ventral pelage is lighter brownish or wood brown. Ears are moderately long. Noseleaf has more or less straight-sided and densely haired lancet; connecting process is semicircular and hairy; sella is wide but relatively short and almost parallel-sided, with convex outlined tip; horseshoe has longitudinal groove with raised edges extending from median edge to intemarial region, is dark in color with exception of whitish stripe on median longitudinal groove, is very wide (10- 2—13 mm), covers muzzle and even projects slighdy beyond it, and has very shallow median emargination. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is large but relatively slender in build (zygomatic breadth is only slighdy larger than mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are prominent and bulbous; posterior swellings are reduced; frontal depression extends anteriorly to medium swellings and is elongated and moderately deep; supraorbital crests are conspicuous but not very sharp; sagittal crest is moderately developed. C1 is long and strong; P2 is medium-sized and within tooth row or halfway extruded from it; P is small and completely extruded from tooth row, or is sometimes missing entirely; P, and P4 are usually very close to one another or touching. Dental formula is the usual of 32 teeth for the genus or only 30 teeth when a lower premolar is missing.

Habitat. Known to forage in both primary and secondary rainforest from sea level up to elevations of 2050 m.

Food and Feeding. The New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat forages for insects by substrate-gleaning.

Breeding. Pregnant females were reported in late August on New Britain, and four pregnant and one lactating females were captured in late October on Batanta Island; based on these data, females probably give birth in late October. Each pregnant female carried only a single embryo.

Activity patterns. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bats roost by day in caves and tunnels. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with peak frequencies of 52-58 kHz recorded in New Guinea.

Movements, Home range and Sodai organization. Colonies can reach over 1000 individuals (e. g. a maternity colonywith over 1000 bats was reported in November on New Guinea).

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat is widespread but is likely to be threatened by roost disturbance, as well as habitat destruction and alteration.

Bibliography. Armstrong & Aplin (2017h), Bonaccorso (1998), Csorba et al. (2003), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Leary & Pennay (2011), Patrick et al. (2013), Robson et al. (2012).

Figures

On following pages: 78. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryotis); 79. Sulawesi Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus tatah; 80. Poso Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus belligerator); 81. Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis); 82. Arcuate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus arcuatus); 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus inops); 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subrufus); 85. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rufus); 86. Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis); 87. Homfray's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis); 88. Croslet Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus coelophyllus); 89. Shamel's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shameli); 90. Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus microglobosus); 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno).

Subspecies and Distribution. R.e. euryotis Temminck, 1835 — C Moluccas Is ( Ambon and Seram) and Tanimbar Is. R.e. aruensis K. Andersen, 1907 — Aru Is. R. e. burius Hinton, 1925 — C Moluccas Is (Buru). R. e. praestans K.Andersen, 1905 — Kai Is. R. e. timidus K. Andersen, 1905 - N Moluccas Is (Halmahera and Bacan), New Guinea (including Waigeo, Batanta, and Yapen Is), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland), and Trobriand Is (Kiriwina).