Rhinolophus robinsoni, K. Andersen, 1918

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 308-309

57 . Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus robinsoni

French: Rhinolophe de Robinson I German: Robinson-Hufeisennase I Spanish: Herradura de Robinson

Other common names: Peninsular Horseshoe Bat

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 ,

“ Kao Nawng, Bandon [Surat Thani Province], Lower Siam [= Thailand].”

Included in the megaphyllus species group, and appears to be sister to a clade that includes A philippinensis , R megaphyllus , R celebensis , and A virgo , based on limited genetic data. A robinsoni has often been treated as a subspecies or synonym of A megaphyllus , but morphological and genetic data support their specific separation. In addition to the two subspecies recognized here, a third, thaianus. described from northern and western Thailand by J. E. Hill in 1992 (originally named siamensis by D. A. McFarlane and B. R. Blood in 1986 but this name is preoccupied) is commonly recognized; however, it this name is probably a synonym of A chaseni which is presently accepted as monotypic. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

A r. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - Malay Peninsula.

A r. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 - Tioman, Pemanggil, and Aur Is off SE Malay Peninsula.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 47-55 mm, tail 19-29 mm, ear 16-23 mm, hindfoot 9 mm, forearm 40-46 mm; weight 6-13 g. Dorsal pelage is dark brown to reddish brown, whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Ears are of medium length. Noseleaf has long, broadly triangular lancet that is practically straight with pointed tip; connecting process is high and rounded; sella is broad basally and gets slightly wider in middle before narrowing abruptly before squared-off tip; horseshoe is wide, at 8-3— 9- 2 mm, nearly covers muzzle, has small but noticeable median emargination, and has lateral leaflets that are mostly covered by horseshoe. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is of medium build; anterior nasal swellings are moderately developed and globular; sagittal crest is low and braincase is elongate; frontal depression is longer than it is wide, and is clearly defined; supraorbital crests join sagittal crest more or less behind mid-orbit; rostrum is elongated. P2 is small with well-developed cusp and is within tooth row labially, separating C 1 and P4 widely; P3 is partially or completely displaced labially.

Habitat. Known from mixed deciduous forest and lowland dipterocarp forest in Thailand and from lowland and hill forest in Malaysia.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal. It has been reported roosting in crevices in rocks and in palms in the understory, in Malaysia. Call shape is FM/CF/ FM with a F of 64-68 kHz.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat probably roosts in small colonies.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat is considered rare throughout its relatively restricted range (as currently known). It is likely threatened by deforestation for logging, agriculture, and fires. Very little is known of its ecology or potential threats, and further research is needed.

Bibliography. Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba et al. (2003), Kingston et al. (2006),

McFarlane & Blood (1986), Robinson et al. (1995), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).

Figures

On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};

Subspecies and Distribution. A r. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - Malay Peninsula. A r. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 - Tioman, Pemanggil, and Aur Is off SE Malay Peninsula.