Clibanarius aff. tricolor ( Gibbes, 1850 ), 2019

Lima, Daniel, Tavares, Marcos & Jr, Joel Braga De Mendonça, 2019, Paguroids (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae and Paguridae) of the remote oceanic Archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, off southeast Brazil, with new records, description of three new species and zoogeographical notes, Zootaxa 4694 (1), pp. 1-63 : 11-14

Clibanarius aff. tricolor ( Gibbes, 1850)

( Fig. 4 A–C)

Pagurus tricolor Gibbes 1850: 189 .

Clibanarius tricolor .— Stimpson 1858: 234; Benedict 1901: 142, pl. 6, fig. 2; Verril 1908: 447, figs. 61–63 [in part]; Schmitt 1924: 94; 1935: 200, fig. 61; 1939: 28; Boone 1927: 77; Provenzano 1959: 366, fig. 5a; 1960: 119; 1961: 153; Coelho 1965: 309; 1969: tab. 1; Sánchez & Campos 1978: 25, fig. 6; Coelho & Ramos-Porto: 1986: 51; Rieger 1998: 422; Melo 1999: 54, fig. 12 a–d; Coelho et al. 2007: 9, tab. 4; McLaughlin et al. 2010: 20; Nucci & Melo 2015: 333 , figs. 2c, 6a. 25, fig. 6; Lemaitre & Tavares 2015: 453, tab. 1.

Clibanarius hebes Verrill, 1908: 450 , figs. 65, 66 [in part].

Clibanarius brachyops Bouvier, 1918: 9 , fig. 3.

Clibanarius tricolor tricolor Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968: 102 , fig. 61, tab. II; Coelho & Ramos 1972: 169; Coelho & Santos 1980: 143.

Clibanarius tricolor .— Rieger 1997: 114; Masunari et al. 1998: 224, 225; Nucci & Melo 2015: 333 [in part, Espirito Santo only]; Sousa et al. 2015: 341, table 2, 3. [= Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1869 , not Clibanarius tricolor ( Gibbes, 1850) ] Trindade specimens. Clibanarius aff. tricolor ( Gibbes, 1850) : 6 males, 6 females, 2 juveniles, + 88 specimens ( MZUSP 36151 ), Brazil, Espírito Santo, Trindade Island, Crista do Galo , 20°29’22.1”S, 29°20’03.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 12.vi.2012 , tide pool; 8 males, 8 females, 7 juveniles, + 128 specimens ( MZUSP 36142 ), idem, Crista do Galo , stn tide pool, 20°29’22.1”S, 29°20’03.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 17.vi.2012 , snorkeling, 2.5 m; 3 males, 9 females, 3 juveniles ( MZUSP 36148 ), idem, Crista do Galo , stn tide pool, 20°29’22.1”S, 29°20’03.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 18.vii.2015 , snorkeling, 1.5 m; 5 males, 1 female, 6 juveniles, + 52 specimens ( MZUSP 36149 ), idem, Crista do Galo , stn tide pool, 20°29’22.1”S, 29°20’03.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 17.vi.2012 ; 1 male ( MZUSP 36146 ), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol , 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 10.vii.2012 , SCUBA, 14.6 m; 21 males, 3 females ( MZUSP 36156 ), idem, Praia da Calheta , 20°30’37.6”S, 29°18’29.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 12.vi.2012 , tide pool; 33 males, 2 females ( MZUSP 36155 ), idem, Praia da Calheta , 20°30’37.6”S- 29°18’28.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 11.vi.2012 , tide pool; 4 males, 6 females, 1 juvenile ( MZUSP 36144 ), idem, Praia dos Andradas , 20°30’45.7”S, 29°18’21.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 21.vii.2013 , tide pool; 3 males ( MZUSP 36147 ), idem, Praia dos Andradas , 20°30’45.7”S, 29°18’21.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 05.viii.2013 , tide pool; 4 males, + 37 specimens ( MZUSP 36141 ), idem, Ponta dos Andradas, 20°30’45.7”S, 29°18’21.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 21.vii.2013 , tide pool; 8 males, 2 females, 7 juveniles ( MZUSP 36158 ), idem, Praia das Tartarugas , 20°30’54.1”S, 29°18’18.2”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 05.vii. 2013m tide pool and rock shore; 1 male ( MZUSP 36161 ), idem, Parcel das Tartarugas, stn tide pool, 20°30’10.4”S, 29°17’58.3”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2016 , intertidal and snorkeling, 1.0 m; 1 male, 1 female, 2 juveniles ( MZUSP 36139 ), idem, Praia das Tartarugas , 20°30’54.1”S, 29°18’18.2”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 05.vii.2013 , tide poll and rock shore; 1 juvenile ( MZUSP 36159 ), idem, Parcel das Tartarugas, stn tide pool, 20°31’10.4”S, 29°17’58.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2016 , intertidal e snorkeling, 1.0 m; 1 male ( MZUSP 36160 ), idem, Parcel das Tartarugas, stn tide pool, 20°31’10.4”S, 29°17’58.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2016 , intertidal and snorkeling, 1.0 m; 1 male, 2 juvenile ( MZUSP 36179 ), idem, Praia das Tartarugas , 20°31’10.4”S, 29°17’58.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 12.iv.2014 , tide pool; 1 male, 1 female ( MZUSP 36145 ), idem, Parcel das Tartarugas, stn Piscinal Natural , 20°31’10.4”S, 29°17’58.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2016 , intertidal and snorkeling, 1.0 m; 1 male ( MZUSP 36154 ), idem, Praia das Tartarugas , 20°31’10.4”S, 29°17’54.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 12.iv.2014 , tide pool; 6 males, 6 females, 2 juveniles ( MZUSP 36379 ), idem, Parcel das Tartarugas, stn tide pool, 20°31’10.4”S, 29°17’58.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2016 , intertidal and snorkeling; 3 males, 4 females, 3 juveniles, 2 megalopa ( MZUSP 36153 ), idem, Parcel , stn tide pool, 20°31’11.4”S, 29°18’00.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 15.vii.2012 , snorkeling; 3 males, 3 females, 6 juveniles, 2 megalopa, + 118 specimens ( MZUSP 36150 ), idem, Parcel , stn tide pool, 20°31’11.4”S, 29°18’00.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 15.vii.2012 , snorkeling; 2 males, 5 females, 4 ovigerous females ( MZUSP 36143 ), idem, Praia do Lixo , 20°31’29.8”S, 29°19’43.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 25.x.2014 , SCUBA, 13.7 m; 1 female ( MZUSP 36324 ), idem, Enseada do Príncipe, stn Paredão, 20°31’22.4”S, 29°19’52.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 09.vii.2013 , SCUBA, 19.5 m; 1 male ( MZUSP 36152 ), idem, Ponta do Túnel , 20°31’33.0”S, 29°17’59.4”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 11.vi.2012 .

Comparative material examined. Clibanarius tricolor ( Gibbes, 1850) : 2 males, 2 females ( MZUSP 36967 ), Brazil, Pernambuco, Fernando de Noronha, east of Praia do Porto , 03°50’05.1”S, 32°24’04.1”W, L.R.L. Simone coll., 30.iv.2005 ; 2 males, 2 females ( MZUSP 36968 ), Fernando de Noronha, west of Praia do Porto , 03°50’01.8”S, 32°24’01.1”W, L.R.L. Simone coll., 01.v.2005 ; 14 males, 8 ovigerous females, 4 females, 1 juvenile ( MZUSP 36969 ), Fernando de Noronha, Praia do Atalaia , 03°51’22.6”S, 32°24’37.2”W, L.R.L. Simone coll., 04.v.2005 .

Type locality. Key West , Florida, USA.

Distribution. Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, Colombia and Brazil, where it is restricted to oceanic islands so far (Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha and Trindade ( Coelho 1965; Paiva et al. 2007; Nucci & Melo 2015; present study).

Remarks. The specimens of Clibanarius from Trindade are herein provisionally assigned to C. tricolor ( Gibbes, 1850) . The specimens from Trindade share with C. tricolor s. str. the same pattern of transverse orange and blue bands on the articulations of P2 and P3. However, in C. aff. tricolor from Trindade the meri, carpi and propodi of P2 and P3 have whitish or pale blueish backgrounds ( Fig. 4 A–C), instead of the bright blue backgrounds of the adults of C. tricolor s. str. ( Fig. 4E ). In adults of both, C. tricolor s. str. and C. aff. tricolor from Trindade, the dark color on the chelae usually extends to the tips of the fingers ( Fig. 4B, E ), whereas in juveniles the cheliped fingers are usually lighter than the palm ( Fig. 4D ; Table 2 ). Juveniles of C. tricolor s. str. can have P2 and P3 with pale blueish backgrounds, cheliped palm dark, with whitish fingers ( Fig. 4D ).

In some species of Clibararius, such as C. virescens ( Krauss, 1843) , there are considerable intraspecific differences in color between specimens from different localities or even within the same local population (e.g. Morgan 1985; Yoshikawa et al. 2018). At this point, however, it is unclear whether the differences in size and color patterns between populations from northern localities and Trindade correspond with an intraspecific color variation of C. tricolor s. str. or with a yet undescribed species. Ongoing molecular and morphological studies of populations of C. tricolor s. l. from throughout its presumed distributional range are expected to add to our understanding of the boundaries between C. tricolor s. str. and C. aff. tricolor from Trindade.

Clibanarius tricolor is morphologically closely related to C. antillensis Stimpson, 1859 . Previous authors have found it difficult to separate between preserved specimens of C. tricolor and C. antillensis in which the color in life has faded away (e.g. Schmitt 1935; Provenzano 1959), and indeed we know of no realiable characters to date to distinguish between C. tricolor and C. antillensis other than the striking differences in color patterns. Specimens of C. tricolor and C. antillensis with color in life information can be easily distinguished from each other, for instance, by the presence of a transverse orange and blue bands on the articulations of P2 and P3, Fig. 4 A–C (vs. P2 and P3 pereopods with a broad, longitudinal, light stripe on a dark background at their lateral sides in C. antillensis , Fig. 4F ).

Coelho (1965) recorded C. tricolor for the first time from south of the Caribbean Sea (Rocas Atoll, some 263 km off the coast of Brazil). A few years later, Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968) assigned 133 specimens collected by J. Forest in the oceanic island of Fernando de Noronha (FN) to Clibanarius tricolor (FN is located about 152 km east of the Rocas Atoll). Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968: 103) stressed that the specimens from FN are morphologically inseparable from C. chapini Schmitt, 1926 (known from the Cape Vert islands, and from Senegal to Angola coastal waters): “Aucune différence morphologique ne sépare les formes est- et ouest-atlantiques [ C. chapini and C. tricolor , respectively] et seule une différence de coloration, minime mais constante, nous interdit de les identifier”. To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few, scattered references to the colors of the chelipeds and ambulatory legs for C. chapini ( Schmitt 1926; Forest & de Saint Laurent 1968; Manning & Chace 1990), and our attempts to obtain color photographs of C. chapini failed. However, the brief color description by Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968: 99, key to Clibanarius species; 103, Table 2 ) for the FN material closely matches the color of the specimens from Trindade, but differs from C. tricolor s. str. (see above and also Table 2 ).

Clibanarius rosewateri , a species being small in size (sl. ranging from 0.4–2.4 mm) so far endemic to Ascension Island, is also morphologically related to C. tricolor s. str. and C. chapini . However, C. rosewateri is unique in having a distinctive distal blue spot on the mesial and lateral surfaces of the propodus of P2 and P3, a character found neither in C. tricolor s. str. nor in C. chapini (viz. Manning & Chace 1990), or C. aff. tricolor from Trindade. It is worth noting that in the original description of C. rosewateri, Manning & Chace (1990) involuntarily also used three times the manuscript name Clibanarius ascensionis , which becomes a nomen nudum and hence is unavailable under the ICNZ (1999: Article 13).

In the Table 1 we summarize the distinctive color characters between Clibanarius aff. tricolor from Trindade Island, C. tricolor s. str., C. chapini , and C. rosewateri .

In addition to the oceanic island records, there are three records of C. tricolor from the Brazilian continental shores. Masunari et al. (1998) recorded C. tricolor for the first time from the coast of Paraná, based on a single specimen caught during a 1-year survey at a rocky shore in Matinhos, with no further informations. Surprisingly, C. antillensis was not found during their survey, despite the species being long known from along the coast of Paraná.

Nucci & Melo (2015) referred three males and three females (two ovigerous) from Camburí beach, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil (MZUSP 8867) to C. tricolor . These specimens were actually caught in April 1960 by Henrique Rodrigues da Costa (see Rodrigues da Costa 1964) and were in his collections before they went to MZUSP in 1987, with no color informations. However, Rodrigues’ da Costa (1964) report on his field trip to Espírito Santo in April 1960 should have given rise to caution as actually only two Clibanarius were recorded from Camburí, Tubarão Port: C. sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796) and C. antillensis .

The third record of C. tricolor is an odd one from a Brazilian mangrove under strong influence of Amazonian waters in São Marcos Bay, Maranhão. This record was based upon a single specimen taken over muddy sediment with scattered vegetation ( Sousa et al. 2015).

We strongly suspect that the above records of C. tricolor ( Masunari et al. 1998; Nucci & Melo 2015; Sousa et al. 2015) from the Brazilian shores actually refer to C. antillensis as, in absence of adequate color pattern informations, this species is easily mistaken for C. tricolor .

Figures

FIGURE 4. (A–C) Clibanarius aff. tricolor (Gibbes, 1850). (A–C) males from Trindade Island. (A) sl 2.0 mm (MZUSP 38885); (B) sl 1.7 mm (MZUSP 36160); (C) sl 1.6 mm (MZUSP 38883). (D, E) specimens from Guadalupe: aspect of juvenile and photograph of an in situ specimen, respectively. (F) Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859 from Bahia, Brazil. Photographs by A. Pol (A–C), J. Poupin and L. Corbari (D, E), and D. Lima (F).