Stegosatyrus periphas

Zacca, Thamara, Mielke, Olaf H. H., Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Casagrande, Mirna M., Freitas, André V. L. & Boyer, Pierre, 2013, Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Zootaxa 3682 (2), pp. 331-350 : 340-343

Stegosatyrus periphas ( Godart, [1824]) n. comb.

( Figs 9–12 , 19, 22 , 47–60 , 65–83 , 84 )

Satyrus periphas Godart, [1824] : 465, 495.

Neonympha periphas (Godart) ; Westwood, 1851: 375.

Euptychia periphas (Godart) ; Butler, 1867: 465, pl.12, fig. 16; Weymer 1910: 202; Giacomelli 1928: 686 –687; Gaede 1931: 236; Hayward 1958: 228; Biezanko 1960a: 5; Biezanko 1960b: 4; Mielke 1994: 773; Kochalka et al. 1996: 212; Teston & Corseuil 2002: 86, 120; Krüger & Silva 2003: 40.

Euptychia periphas var. ocellata ; Giacomelli 1928: 686 –687; Gaede 1931: 236 (as syn. of E. periphas ); Heimlich 1972: 165.

Pampasatyrus periphas (Godart) ; Cannals 2003: 365; Lamas & Viloria 2004: 217; Marchiori & Romanowski 2006a: 447; Marchiori & Romanowski 2006b: 1032; Núñez-Bustos 2007: 300; Núñez-Bustos 2008: 442; Teston & Corseuil 2008: 47; Betancur-Viglione 2009: 35; Núñez-Bustos 2009: 287; Iserhard et al. 2010: 312; Siewert et al. 2010: 82; Dolibaina et al. 2011: 349; Santos et al. 2011: 272.

Pampasatyrus peryphas [sic]; Paz et al. 2008: 145.

Type locality. Brazil.

Taxonomic history. Godart [1824] described Satyrus periphas based on a single specimen [holotype] from Brazil, bearing no specific locality data. Westwood (1851) treats it as belonging to Neonympha Hübner, 1818 , based on adult morphological characters. Later, it is considered as a species of Euptychia by Butler (1867). Giacomelli (1928) described the variation ocellata based on specimens from Cosquin, Argentina. Lamas & Viloria (2004) transfer this species to Pampasatyrus and this classification is followed since then by several authors.

Diagnosis. Easily distinguished from Stegosatyrus ocelloides n. comb. by the larger size. The ocelli on ventral face of wings of S. periphas n. comb. are smaller than those of S. ocelloides n. comb.. On the ventral face of FW, the discal line is straight and joins with sub-marginal line close to 2A, whereas in S. ocelloides n. comb. it is irregular and joins with CuA2. On the ventral face of HW, the discal line of S. periphas n. comb. is straight and the marginal line is thinner than in S. ocelloides n. comb..

Redescription. MALE ( Figs 9–10 , 19, 22 , 47–60 , 78–83 ). Head ( Figs 19, 22 , 78–79, 82–83 ): Antenna light brown with 33 flagellomeres; frons with a tuft of elongated medium brown scales; labial palp with elongated white and black scales on ventral face, third segment thin with a pointed apex, a little longer than first segment. Thorax ( Figs 49 , 80–81 ): with thin and elongated medium brown scales; prothoracic leg with coxae a little longer than total length of the others segments, femur more developed than tibia, tarsus the same length of tibia and with a pointed apex. Abdomen: dorso-laterally dark brown and ventrally light brown. Wings ( Figs 9–10 , 47 ): dorsally medium brown and ventrally light brown. FW (length: 16–19 mm): external margin with medium brown fringes; Rs with length equal to dcs + dcm +dci; R1 arises in discal cell, before dcs vein; R2 and R3 start together in R as a single vein and then branch out; sub-marginal region with a black ocellus between M1-M3 externally surrounded with a yellow line and with a small nacreous pupil; ventral face with thin dark brown sub-marginal line between R4-2A, parallel to external margin, joining the discal line and surrounding the ocellus. HW: external margin with slight indentations and with fringes similar to those of FW; a black ocellus between CuA1-CuA2 and another small one between CuA2-2A; ventral face with black ocelli between M1-M2, CuA1-CuA2 and another smaller one between CuA2-2A, two small nacreous pupils between M2-M3 and M3-CuA1, discal line straight and joining sub-marginal line at tornus. Genitalia ( Figs 51–58 ): tegumen with median concavity at the proximal portion; ventral arm of tegumen straight and dilated at the middle portion; appendix angular reduced; anterior projection of saccus 2/3 the length of gnathos; apex of valva slightly crenulated; aedeagus thin with proximal portion lanceolate, a little longer than the valva.

FEMALE ( Figs 11–12 , 48, 50, 59–60 ). Similar to male. Head: Antenna with 35 flagellomeres. Thorax ( Fig. 50 ): prothoracic tibia a little smaller than femur. Wings ( Figs 11–12 , 48 ): FW (length: 15–20 mm): R2 arises very close to dcs vein. Genitalia ( Figs 59–60 ): Papillae anales a little longer than length of tergite VIII; sternite VIII fused with tergite VIII; lamella antevaginalis sclerotized; ductus bursae membranous; signa 2/3 the length of bursa.

Distribution ( Fig. 84 ). Occurs in south Brazil (states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) and in Argentina (being doubtful occurrence in Tucumán and Cósquin), from sea level to 1,400m. Flies throughout the year.

Host plants. Gramineae , Poa annua ( Varga, 1997; L. A. Kaminski, pers. comm.).

Oviposition and eggs ( Figs 65–70 , 72 ). Eggs laid individually. Spherical eggs, without ornamentations, light yellow during the first few days, passing to cream with broad reddish bands and with a reddish spot in the micropilar area close to eclosion. Before hatching, the egg becomes translucent and it is possible to see the larvae. Height: 1.04 mm. Width: 1.04 mm (n=24). Duration: 10–15 days.

First instar ( Figs 71 , 73–77 ). Head capsule width 0.5 mm; height 0.8 mm; head scoli 0.1 mm (n = 10). Head capsule black, reticulate, with enlarged chalazae; bearing a pair of short scoli in the vertex. Third stemma larger than the other five stemmata. Body cream colored, smooth, with orange longitudinal stripes; caudal filaments very short. Setae dark, short, several dorsal and subdorsal clubbed at the tip. Legs and prolegs cream colored; abdominal spiracle globose. Larval length: 1.8 – 2.0 mm (n = 10/ DZUPIL 0122).

Examined material. BRAZIL, Paraná: Ponta Grossa ( Vila Velha ) 13, 2.III.1962, without collector (DZ 24.624), 13, 8.XII.1967, Mielke & Moure leg. (DZ 24.627), 1Ƥ 14.X.1967, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.632), 53, 1.V.1966, Mielke & Larroca leg. (DZ 24.634, DZ 24.653, DZ 24.654, DZ 24.656, DZ 24.668), 1,000m, 13, 26.IX.1966, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.635), 1,000m, 33, 2.III.1967, Mielke & Tangerini leg. (DZ 24.648, DZ 24.649, DZ 24.669), 23, 20.XI.1966, Moure, Marinoni & Mielke leg. (DZ 24.657, DZ 24.662), 13, 16.III.1972, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.666), 33 and 1Ƥ, 3.VII.2002, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.678, DZ 24.679, DZ 24.680, DZ 24.683), Colombo 63, 3.XII.1970, Mielke & Lauterjung leg. (DZ 24.626, DZ 24.628, DZ 24.629, DZ 24.630, DZ 24.631, DZ 24.645), 900m, 33, 3.III, Lauterjung leg. (DZ 5.591, DZ 24.652, DZ 24.663), Palmeiras (Papagaios Velhos) 2Ƥ, 20.XI.1966, Moure, Marinoni & Mielke leg. (DZ 24.633, DZ 24.636), Castro, 1,000m, 13 and 2Ƥ, 25.I.1972, Mielke & Tangerini leg. (DZ 24.639, 24.640, DZ 24.667), 1Ƥ, 26.I.1972, Mielke & Tangerini leg. (DZ 24.655), Rio Negro, 800m, 13 25.II.1968, Moure & Mielke leg. (DZ 24.644), Alto Amparo 13 and 1Ƥ, 25.IX.1966, Moure & Mielke leg. (DZ 24.647, DZ 24.651), 43, 1.VI.1967, O.-E. Mielke leg. (DZ 24.638, DZ 24.646, DZ 24.650, DZ 24.658), 23 and 1Ƥ, 8.X.1967, Moure leg. (DZ 24.641, DZ 24.642, DZ 24.643), 1Ƥ, 14.III.1972, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.665), 13, 31.VIII.1983, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.673), 13, 28.I.1968, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.676); Santa Catarina: Curitibanos 13, 22.XII.1952, without collector (DZ 24.688), 23 and 1Ƥ, 22.II.1973, without collector (DZ 24.691, DZ 24.692, DZ 24.693), 13 22–23.II.1973, without collector (DZ 24.696), São Joaquim, 33, 1–12.II.1973, without collector (DZ 24.686, DZ 24.687, DZ 24.699), 13, without date, without collector (DZ 24.695), 1,400m, 23 and 1Ƥ, 23.II.1973, O. H. Mielke leg. (DZ 24.695, DZ 24.697, DZ 24.698), 1,250m, 13, 24.II.1973, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.702), Pericó, 1,320m, 13, 25.II.1963, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.703), São Bento do Sul, 860m, 13, 5.XII.1969, Ebert leg. (DZ24.689), Lages, 900m, 23, 26.II.1966, Ebert leg. (DZ 24.690, DZ 24.700), Lages (Painel), 1,000m, 23, 23.II.1973, O. H. Mielke leg. (DZ 24.701, DZ 24.704), (Rio Lavatudo, estrada entre Lages- São Joaquim), 1,000m, 13, 23.II.1973, Mielke leg. (DZ 24.705); Rio Grande do Sul: Guarani 13, 7.III.1932, Biezanko leg. (DZ 24.713); Pelotas 1Ƥ, 30.III.1964, Biezanko leg. (DZ 24.706), 13, 24.II.1966, Biezanko leg. (DZ 24.709), 13, 26.II.1966, Biezanko leg. (DZ 24.712), 1 sem abdome, 23 and 1Ƥ 23.III.1972, Biezanko leg. (DZ 24.707, DZ 24.708, DZ 24.710, DZ 24.711). ARGENTINA, Tucuman: 13, without date, ex. coll. E. May ( MNRJ 24.433); Cósquin: 13, V.1947, without collector (DZ 24.715).

Neotype, male: Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa , Paraná, Brasil, 900m, 3.III.2002, Mielke leg. / DZ 24.680/ Neotypus / Satyrus periphas Godart, [1824] , Zacca, Mielke & Pyrcz det. 2013.

Remarks. After examining specimens in the collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris and consulting Dr. Lamas (Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru), we concluded that the holotype is lost. Therefore, a neotype of Satyrus periphas is hereby designated to clarify the taxonomic status of the species and for nomenclatural stability.

Figures

FIGURES 84. Geographical distribution of Stegosatyrus, n. gen.

FIGURES 1 – 16. Adults of Stegosatyrus, n. gen.. 1 – 2. S. imbrialis, male: 1. Dorsal, 2. Ventral; 3 – 4. S. imbrialis, female: 3. Dorsal, 4. Ventral; 5 – 6. S. ocelloides, male: 5. Dorsal, 6. Ventral; 7 – 8. S. ocelloides, female: 7. Dorsal, 8. Ventral; 9 – 10. S. periphas, male: 9. Dorsal, 10. Ventral; 11 – 12. S. periphas, female: 11. Dorsal, 12. Ventral. 13 – 14. S. hemiclara n. sp., holotype, male: 13. Dorsal, 14. Ventral; 15 – 16. S. hemiclara n. sp., allotype, female: 15. Dorsal, 16. Ventral.

FIGURES 17 – 22. Cephalic appendages of Stegosatyrus. 17 – 19. Antenna: 17. S. imbrialis, 18. S. ocelloides, 19. S. periphas; 20 – 22. Labial palpi: 20. S. imbrialis, 21. S. ocelloides, 22. S. periphas. (Scale = 1 mm).

FIGURES 47 – 60. Stegosatyrus periphas. 47 – 48. Wings venation (scale = 2 mm): 47. Male, 48. Female. 49 – 50. Forelegs (scale = 1 mm): 49. Male, 50. Female. 51 – 58. Male genitalia (scale = 1 mm): 51. Lateral; 52 – 53. Tegumen, uncus and gnathos: 52. Dorsal, 53. Ventral; 54 – 55. Valvae: 54. External view, 55. Inner view; 56 – 58. Aedeagus: 56. Lateral, 57. Dorsal, 58. Ventral. 59 – 60. Female genitalia (scale = 1 mm): 59. Lateral, 60. Ventral.

FIGURES 65 – 71. Immature stages of Stegosatyrus periphas. 65 – 66. Egg: 65. Dorsal, 66. Lateral; 67 – 69. Few days before hatching: 67. Dorsal, 68. Left lateral, 69. Right lateral; 70. Larvae hatching; 71. Larvae of first instar. (scale = 1 mm).

FIGURES 72 – 83. Morphological structures of immature stages and adult of Stegosatyrus periphas. 72 – 77. Egg and larvae of first instar: 72. Egg, 73. Cephalic capsule, 74. Thorax, 75. Abdominal legs, 76. Abdominal segment IX + X, 77. Abdominal spiracle; 78 – 83. Adult, male: 78. Apex of antennae, 79. Sensory organ, 80. Midtibial spur, 81. Claw, 82. Von Reuter organ, 83. Basiconical sensila of galeae. e—stemmata, fm—femur, tb—tibia, t—tarsus, g—claw, cc—hooks, et—thoracic spiracle.