Capoeta anamisensis

Zareian, Halimeh, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza & Freyhof, Jörg, 2016, Capoeta anamisensis, a new species from the Minab and Hasan Langhi River drainages in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Zootaxa 4083 (1) : -

CApoetA ANAmiseNsis , new species

( FIgS. 3–5 )

Holotype. ZM-CBSU Z131, 144 MM SL; IRAN: HORMUZgAN pROV.: MORADAbAD RIVER AT ZIARAT ALI, MINAb RIVER DRAINAgE, 27°45'47.6"N 57°14'31.8"E; H. R. ESMAEILI, M. MASOUDI, H. MEHRAbAN, A. GHOLAMIFARD & S. SHAbANI, 10 MAR 2013.

Paratypes. ALL FROM IRAN: HORMUZgAN pROV.: FSJF 3513 ; 3, 167–187 MM SL; ZM-CBSU Z126-130, 5, 134– 139 MM SL; ZM-CBSU Z132-134, 3, 147-164 MM SL; ZM-CBSU Z260, 1, 123 MM SL; SAME DATA AS HOLOTYpE.— ZM-CBSU C402-403, 2, 91–96 MM SL; ZM-CBSU C405-411, 7, 62–88 MM SL; ZM-CBSU C415-416, 2, 54–66 MM SL; ZM-CBSU C418, 1, 62 MM SL; ZM-CBSU C422, 1, 55 MM SL; ZM-CBSU C426, 1, 101 MM SL; SIAHO RIVER AT SIAHO, HASAN LANgI RIVER DRAINAgE, 27°45'35.8"N 56°32'18.7"E; H. R. ESMAEILI & A. TEIMORI.

Material for molecular genetic analysis. ZM-CBSU M 1416–1418; MORADAbAD RIVER AT ZIARAT ALI, 27°45'47.6"N 57°14'31.8"E (GENbANk AccESSION NUMbERS: COI: KU312342 , KU312343 , KU312344 ; cYT b: KU312379 , KU312380 ). ZM-CBSU M1475; SIAHO RIVER AT SIAHO, 27°50'4.44"N 56°28'25.90"E (GENbANk AccESSION NUMbERS: COI: KU312341 ; cYT b: KU312381 ). SMF 30860; SIAHO RIVER AT SIAHO, 27°50'4.44"N 56°28'25.90"E (GENbANk AccESSION NUMbERS: COI: KU312340 ).

Diagnosis. Capoeta anamisensis IS THE ONLY SpEcIES IN THE C. trutta SpEcIES gROUp HAVINg A pLAIN SILVERY FLANk WITHOUT bLAck SpOTS (VS. bLAck SpOTS pRESENT IN ALL OTHER SpEcIES). IT IS FURTHER DISTINgUISHED FROM OTHER SpEcIES OF THE C. trutta SpEcIES gROUp bY A cOMbINATION OF cHARAcTERS. Capoeta anamisensis IS DISTINgUISHED FROM C. barroisi bY HAVINg FEWER TOTAL LATERAL-LINE ScALES (56–67 VS. 76–84), FEWER ScALES bETWEEN DORSAL-FIN ORIgIN AND LATERAL LINE (6–8 VS. 10–13) AND bY FEWER ScALES bETWEEN ANAL-FIN ORIgIN AND LATERAL LINE (6–8 VS. 1 0–13) ( TAbLES 7–8) [OUR MATERIALS AND FROM TURAN et al. 2008], AND FEWER gILL RAkERS (21–25 VS. 26–29). Capoeta anamisensis IS DISTINgUISHED FROM C. erhani AND C. turani bY HAVINg FEWER ScALES IN THE LATERAL LINE (56–67 VS. 71–77 IN C. erhani ), NO MID-DORSAL kEEL ON THE bAck (VS. pROMINENT, ELEVATED, MID-DORSAL kEEL IN C. erhani AND C. turani ) AND FEWER gILL RAkERS (21–25 VS. 25– 30 IN C. turani ). Capoeta anamisensis IS DISTINgUISHED FROM C. trutta bY HAVINg A SHORTER LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY (SHORTER THAN THE HEAD LENgTH VS. USUALLY LONgER), FEWER ScALES IN THE LATERAL LINE (56–67 VS. 64–84 [OUR MATERIAL AND TURAN et al. 2008] AND FEWER ScALES bETWEEN THE ANAL-FIN ORIgIN AND THE LATERAL LINE (6–8 VS. 8–11). Capoeta anamisensis IS ALSO DISTINgUISHED FROM ALL OTHER SpEcIES OF THE C. trutta SpEcIES gROUp bY HAVINg FOUR FIxED, DIAgNOSTIc NUcLEOTIDE SUbSTITUTIONS IN THE MTDNA COI bARcODE REgION AND FIVE FIxED, DIAgNOSTIc NUcLEOTIDE SUbSTITUTIONS IN THE MTDNA cYT b REgION.

Species/count N 56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 C. anamisensis 22 1 1 2 5 3 4 1 3 2 C. barroisi 12

C. erhani 20 1 C. mandica 16 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 C. trutta 44 2 1 3 1 5

continued.

Species/count N 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 84 C. anamisensis 22

C. barroisi 12 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 C. erhani 20 2 2 5 2 3 3 2

C. mandica 16

C. trutta 44 4 2 2 2 5 5 3 2 4 2 1 above lateral line (ALL)

Species/count N 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Capoeta anamisensis 20 14 6

Capoeta barroisi 12 5 3 4 Capoeta erhani 20 4 10 6 Capoeta mandica 11 1 10

Capoeta trutta 40 2 1 1 7 16 7 3 3

continued.

below lateral line (BLL)

Species/count N 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Capoeta anamisensis 22 5 11 6

Capoeta barroisi 12 2 7 1 2 Capoeta erhani 20 2 12 6

Capoeta mandica 11 4 5 2

Capoeta trutta 38 6 18 8 6

Description. SEE FIgURES 3–5 FOR gENERAL AppEARANcE. MORpHOMETRIc AND MERISTIc DATA ARE gIVEN IN TAbLES 7– 10. BODY MODERATELY ELONgATE AND cOMpRESSED LATERALLY. DORSAL HEAD pROFILE STRAIgHT. PREDORSAL pROFILE SLIgHTLY cONVEx, VENTRAL pROFILE STRAIgHT OR SLIgHTLY cONVEx. NO ELEVATED kEEL IN FRONT OF DORSAL-FIN ORIgIN. MOUTH SMALL, TRANSVERSE AND ALMOST STRAIgHT ( FIg. 7 ). LOWER JAW cOVERED bY A HORNY SHEATH, WITH A SHARp EDgE, SHApE INVARIAbLE. ROSTRAL cAp WELL DEVELOpED, pARTLY OVERLAppINg UppER LIp. UppER AND LOWER LIpS ADNATE TO JAWS. ONLY MAxILLARY bARbEL pRESENT, ALMOST REAcHINg VERTIcAL OF ANTERIOR MARgIN OF EYE. DORSAL FIN WITH 3-4 SIMpLE AND 8½–9½ bRANcHED RAYS. LAST UNbRANcHED RAY THIck, OSSIFIED, SLIgHTLY SHORTER THAN FIRST bRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY, TIp SOFT, SERRATED ALONg 60–75% OF ITS pOSTERIOR MARgIN ( FIg. 8 ). OUTER DORSAL-FIN MARgIN STRAIgHT. DORSAL-FIN ORIgIN SLIgHTLY IN FRONT OF VERTIcAL THROUgH pELVIc-FIN ORIgIN. PEcTORAL FIN WITH 14–16 RAYS, TIp SLIgHTLY ROUNDED, REAcHINg TO AbOUT 50–60% OF DISTANcE bETWEEN pEcTORAL AND pELVIc-FIN ORIgIN. PELVIc FIN WITH 7–8 RAYS, TIp ROUNDED, REAcHINg TO AbOUT 50–60% OF DISTANcE bETWEEN pELVIc-FIN TIp AND ANAL-FIN ORIgIN WHEN FOLDED DOWN. PELVIc AxILLARY LObE pRESENT. ANAL FIN WITH 3 SIMpLE AND 5½–6½ bRANcHED RAYS, ITS pOSTERIOR MARgIN ALMOST cONVEx, NOT REAcHINg TO cAUDAL-FIN bASE. CAUDAL FIN DEEpLY FORkED, ITS LObES pOINTED OR ROUNDED. GILL RAkERS 21–25 ON OUTER SIDE OF FIRST gILL ARcH. LATERAL LINE cOMpLETE, TOTALLY WITH 56–67 ScALES, 11–12 ScALE ROWS bETWEEN LATERAL LINE AND DORSAL-FIN ORIgIN, 6–8 ScALE ROWS bETWEEN LATERAL LINE AND ANAL-FIN ORIgIN, 10–13 bETWEEN LATERAL LINE AND pELVIc-FIN ORIgIN.

Coloration. IN ETHANOL: PLAIN YELLOWISH, WITHOUT cOLOUR pATTERN. IN LIFE: DORSAL AND LATERAL HEAD AND FLANk SILVERY, bAck pALE gREY OR DARk bROWN. FLANkS WITH A pALE AND FAINT YELLOW STRIpE ALONg LATERAL LINE. VENTRAL HEAD AND bODY WHITISH. ALL FINS cREAMY WHITE. PEcTORAL- AND pELVIc-FIN bASE ORANgE OR YELLOW AND cAUDAL-FIN bASE DARk gREY ( FIg. 5 ).

Sexual dimorphism. MALES WITH NUpTIAL TUbERcLES, AbSENT IN FEMALES. TUbERcLES ON SNOUT, SIDES OF HEAD, FLANk AND cAUDAL pEDUNcLE. FEW SMALL TUbERcLES ON ANAL FIN AND bASE OF pEcTORAL, pELVIc AND cAUDAL FINS.

Distribution. Capoeta anamisensis IS kNOWN FROM ONE HEADWATER STREAM IN THE MINAb RIVER DRAINAgE AND ONE STREAM IN THE HASAN LANgI RIVER DRAINAgE ( FIg. 9 ). THE MINAb AND HASAN LANgHI RIVERS FLOW INTO THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ.

Etymology. Capoeta anamisensis REFERS TO ANAMIS, THE OLD NAME OF MINAb cITY AND THE MINAb RIVER. AN ADJEcTIVE.

Remarks. Capoeta anamisensis OccURS IN SYMpATRY WITH C. saadii , A SpEcIES cLOSELY RELATED TO C. damascina , WHIcH IS WIDESpREAD IN SOUTHERN AND cENTRAL IRAN ( ALWAN 2010; LEVIN et al. 2012). Capoeta anamisensis IS DISTINgUISHED FROM C. saadii bY HAVINg 21–25 gILL RAkERS (VS. 12–17), 14–16 pEcTORAL FIN RAYS (VS. 17–20) AND 7–8 pELVIc FIN RAYS (VS. 8–10).

ALL SpEcIES OF THE C. trutta SpEcIES gROUp ARE STRIcTLY ALLOpATRIc. THE SEqUENcE DIVERgENcE bETWEEN THESE SpEcIES ARE VERY LOW, INDIcATINg THAT ALL ARE VERY cLOSELY RELATED. ALL SpEcIES OF THE C. trutta SpEcIES gROUp MIgHT FORM AN EVOLUTIONARY YOUNg cLADE bUT ALL ARE WELL DIAgNOSED bY MORpHOLOgIcAL cHARAcTERS FULFILLINg THE EVOLUTIONARY SpEcIES CONcEpT. SEE MAYDEN (2002) FOR A DIScUSSION AND HIERARcHY OF SpEcIES CONcEpTS AND KOTTELAT (1997) FOR THEIR AppLIcATION.

Capoeta barroisi persica IS AN ADDITIONAL NOMINAL NAME IN THE C. trutta SpEcIES gROUp. THE IDENTITY OF C. b. persica HAS bEEN ALREADY DIScUSSED bY ÖZULUĞ & FREYHOF (2008), WITHOUT cONcLUSION. Capoeta b. persica WAS DEScRIbED bY KARAMAN (1969) bASED ON A SINgLE INDIVIDUAL FROM LAkE ZARIVAR (ZARIWAR) IN THE RIVER TIgRIS DRAINAgE IN IRAN. COAD (2005) cONSIDERED C. b. persica AS A SYNONYM OF C. barroisi . Capoeta barroisi IS ENDEMIc TO THE ORONTES AND THERE ARE NO cONFIRMED REcORDS OF THAT SpEcIES FROM THE EUpHRATES OR TIgRIS DRAINAgES. LAkE ZARIVAR IS STRONgLY IMpAcTED bY ALIEN SpEcIES AND NO Capoeta WAS FOUND IN THE LAkE DURINg A REcENT STUDY (ESMAEILI et al. 2011).

SINcE THE STUDY bY ÖZULUĞ & FREYHOF (2008), WE WERE AbLE TO ExAMINE MANY MORE INDIVIDUALS OF C. barroisi AND C. trutta . MOLEcULAR DATA WERE pUbLISHED bY LEVIN et al. (2012) AND GEIgER et al. (2014) AS WELL AS IN THIS STUDY. Capoeta barroisi IS DISTINgUISHED FROM C. trutta bY THE LENgTH OF THE LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY, WHIcH IS SHORTER THAN THE HEAD IN C. barroisi (VS. LONgER IN C. trutta ). WHEN MORE MATERIALS bEcAME AVAILAbLE, INDIVIDUAL FISHES WERE FOUND IN THE ORONTES AS WELL AS IN THE TIgRIS AND EUpHRATES HAVINg THE LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY AS LONg AS THE HEAD. IN A FEW INDIVIDUALS FROM THE EUpHRATES AND TIgRIS, THE LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY WAS EVEN SHORTER THAN THE HEAD. ONE OF THESE INDIVIDUALS (GENbANk AccESSION NUMbER: KU312382 ) cOULD bE SEqUENcED AND IT gROUpED TOgETHER WITH SYNTOpIc C. trutta . ONE INDIVIDUAL FROM THE ORONTES HAVINg THE LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY AS LONg AS THE HEAD (GENbANk AccESSION NUMbER: KJ553267 ) gROUpED TOgETHER WITH SYNTOpIc C. barroisi .

WE cONcLUDE, THAT THE RELATIVE LENgTH (IN % HL) OF THE LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY IS OVERLAppINg AND cANNOT bE USED DEFINITIVELY TO IDENTIFY ALL INDIVIDUAL FISHES. THE MOLEcULAR DIFFERENcES bETWEEN bOTH ‘SpEcIES’ ARE SMALL (0.57 % IN COI, SEE TAbLE 3) bUT cONSISTENT AND bOTH cOULD bE TREATED AS A SINgLE SpEcIES. HOWEVER, FISHES HAVINg A LONg LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY ARE RARE IN THE ORONTES (THREE OUT OF AbOUT 200 INDIVIDUALS ExAMINED IN THE FIELD bUT NOT pRESERVED) AND FISHES HAVINg A SHORT LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY ARE RARE ALSO IN THE EUpHRATES AND TIgRIS (FOUR OUT OF AbOUT 500 INDIVIDUALS ExAMINED IN THE FIELD bUT NOT pRESERVED). WE TREAT C. trutta AND C. barroisi AS SEpARATE SpEcIES FOLLOWINg THE EVOLUTIONARY SpEcIES CONcEpT ( MAYDEN 2002), AS THE OVERLAp IN THE LENgTH OF THE LAST DORSAL-FIN RAY IS VERY SMALL AND INDIVIDUALS SHOWINg THE cHARAcTER STATE OF THE OTHER SpEcIES ARE VERY RARE.

THE LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY OF THE TYpE OF C. b. persica IS SHORTER THAN THE HEAD (THIS WAS THE pRINcIpAL cHARAcTER bY WHY KARAMAN (1969) DEScRIbED IT AS A SUbSpEcIES OF C. barroisi ). IT SHOWS A FEW LARgE bROWN bLOTcHES (VS. MANY SMALL bLAck SpOTS IN C. barroisi AND C. trutta ). NO OTHER cHARAcTERS HAVE bEEN FOUND TO DISTINgUISH C. b. persica FROM C. trutta . AS ONLY C. trutta HAS bEEN cONFIRMED FROM THE TIgRIS RIVER DRAINAgE, WE IDENTIFY C. barroisi persica AS AN AbERRANT INDIVIDUAL OF C. trutta HAVINg A SHORT LAST UNbRANcHED DORSAL-FIN RAY AND ALSO AN AbERRANT cOLOUR pATTERN (SEE ÖZULUĞ & FREYHOF 2008 FOR DETAILS).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Capoeta anamisensis, ZM-CBSU Z 131, holotype, 144 mm SL; Iran: Moradabad River.

FIGURE 4. Capoeta anamisensis, paratypes; a, ZM-CBSU Z 128; 134 mm SL; b, ZM-CBSU Z 132, 150 mm SL; c, ZM-CBSU Z 126, 134 mm SL; Iran: Moradabad River.

FIGURE 5. Capoeta anamisensis, ZM-CBSU Z 260; 123 mm SL; Iran: Moradabad River.

FIGURE 7. Mouth; a, C. anamisensis, ZM-CBSU Z 128, 134 mm SL; Iran: Moradabad River; b, ZM-CBSU Z 251, C. trutta; 151 mm SL, Iran: Asgaran River; c, C. mandica, ZM-CBSU Z 212; 118 mm SL, Iran: Qareh Aghaj River.

FIGURE 8. Capoeta anamisensis, ZM-CBSU Z 127, 138 mm SL; last unbranched dorsal fin ray; Iran: Moradabad River.

FIGURE 9. Iran: Moradabad River, type locality of C. anamisensis.