Phymatopsallus, sensu Knight, 1964

Schuh, Randall T., 2006, Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2006 (301), pp. 1-115 : 5-6

PHYMATOPSALLUS GENUS GROUP

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the elongate, nearly parallel-sided right paramere with two more or less pronounced apical projections (figs. 5, 12, 14) and the marmorate membrane (figs. 1–3). All species green, pale, or sometimes weakly pink or red (figs. 1–3). Vesica formed of a single sclerotized strap in the form of a gutter, enclosed by a membrane on one side (figs. 5, 10, 15, 31). Some species with one or more of the following: tubercle on left side of pygophore (figs. 6E, F, 13E, F, 29E), yellow, orange, or green spots on the dorsum (figs. 1–3), and one or more spinelike projections on the phallotheca (figs. 5, 18, 32, 39). The pair of apical projections on the right paramere is similar to the condition seen in Europiella Reuter , but that taxon sharing few other structural features in common with Phymatopsallus -group taxa. The slender vesica formed of a single strap similar to that of Atractotomus Fieber , Megalopsallus Knight , and other genera, but those taxa lacking the distinctive right paramere and the marmorate membrane. Patch of setae (and often tubercle) on left side of pygophore possibly confused with the condition found in Phallospinophylus Weirauch (2006) and Pygovepres Weirauch (2006) , but those taxa lacking other features diagnostic of Phymatopsallus -group, including the marmorate membrane and the distinctive right paramere.

DISCUSSION: The form of the right paramere, which was first commented on by Van Duzee (1917) and later by Knight (1964), appears to be distinctive for the group of taxa here placed in the Phymatopsallus group of genera. Although the structure of the right paramere might be deemed sufficient to maintain Phymatopsallus sensu Knight , the resulting group is heterogeneous on the basis of other characters, such as the presence of a tubercle on the left side of the pygophore, which was viewed as diagnostic by Knight. Thus, I have chosen to diagnose genera on a more restricted basis, which allows groups to be formed on the basis of characters that show less homoplasy. This approach also permits the incorporation of taxa that do not possess the tubercle on the pygophore and that also show variability in other characters, such as coloration, but which on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, nonetheless appear to be embedded in the larger monophyletic group recognized by Knight (1964).

KEY TO MALES OF PHYMATOPSALLUS -GROUP GENERA AND SCHAFFNEROPSALLUS

1. Pygophore without a raised tubercle on left side (fig. 27F), although sometimes with a patch of differentiated setae (fig. 24D, F).......................... 2

– Pygophore with a distinct, raised, tubercle on left side; tubercle covered apically with erect setae (figs. 6E, F, 13E, F, 29E).. 6

2. Pygophore with a patch of short, stout, spinelike setae on left side (fig. 24D, F)...... Cercocarpopsallus , new genus

– Pygophore lacking patch of differentiated setae on left side................ 3

3. Dorsum more or less uniformly covered with brownish spots.............. 4

– Dorsum unicolorous green, often turning yellowish in preserved specimens (fig. 3, Phymatopsallus spp. )............. 5

4. Phallotheca with two hornlike projections on apicodorsal surface, indicated by arrows in figure 39 (see also fig. 38H); smaller, total length never more than 2.84......... Stictopsallus , new genus

– Phallotheca without hornlike projections on apicodorsal surface (fig. 5); relatively larger, total length greater than 2.88............... Arizonapsallus , new genus

5. Antennal segment 2 slightly tapered, not of uniform diameter over entire length; eyes relatively small (figs. 1, 4A), occupying about two-thirds height of head in lateral view (fig. 4A); right paramere parallelsided, conspicuously elongate, apex nearly as broad as midpoint (fig. 5); phallotheca with slender spine on ventral surface (fig. 5)...... Angelopsallus , new genus

– Antennal segment 2 of uniform diameter over entire length (fig. 27D); eyes relatively large (fig. 3), occupying nearly entire height of head in lateral view; right paramere not strongly parallel-sided, narrower at apex than midpoint (fig. 28); phallotheca with thumblike, apically attenuated spine on anterior surface (fig. 28)................ Knightopsallus , new genus

6. Dorsum always unicolorous green, although sometimes yellowish in preserved specimens (fig. 3, Phymatopsallus spp. ); left paramere with a distinct thumblike projection on the dorsal margin of the anterior surface (figs. 29E, F, 30–34), anterior process simple (figs. 30–34); vesica with a slender, medial spine (figs. 30– 34)........... Phymatopsallus Knight

– Dorsum usually covered, at least on hemelytra, with small spots contrasting with background coloration, although rarely of restricted distribution or absent; anterior surface of left paramere simple; vesica without medial spine........ 7

7. Pygophore relatively small, conical; anterior process of left paramere simple (fig. 41), lacking ornamentation as de-

–

8.

– scribed below....................

......... Schaffneropsallus , new genus Pygophore large, broad over much of length (figs. 6E, F, 13E); anterior process of left paramere either bifid apically or in shape of ‘‘cow horns’’ (figs. 7–12, 14–23)....... 8 Left paramere with anterior process bifid apically (figs. 7–12)................

............ Bisulcopsallus , new genus Left paramere with anterior process in shape of cow horns (figs. 14–23).......

............ Ceratopsallus , new genus