Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål, 1859

Gómez-Zurita, Jesús, 2018, Systematic revision of Central American Calligrapha Chevrolat of the subgenus Erythrographa subgen. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae), Zootaxa 4531 (1), pp. 1-58 : 42-51

Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål, 1859

( Figs 10c , 11e, 11f , 14 )

Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål, 1859 . Öfvers. af K. Vet.-Akad. Förh. 16, p. 324.

Chrysomela labyrinthica: Stål, 1865 . Mon. Chrysom. Am., pt. 3, p. 282.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Gemminger & Harold, 1874 . Cat. Col., p. 3433.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Jacoby, 1882 . Biol. Centr.-Amer., vol. vi, pt. 1, p. 199.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Jacoby, 1891 . Biol. Centr.-Amer., vol. vi, pt. 1, suppl., p. 244.

Polyspila labyrinthica: Weise, 1916 . Coleopt. Cat., p. 40.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Blackwelder, 1946 . U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 185, p. 674.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Moldenke, 1971 . Pan-Pacific Entomol. 47, p. 110.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Wilcox, 1975 . Checklist Chryomelidae, p. 67.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Maes & Staines, 1991 . Rev. Nica. Ent. 18, p. 13.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Maes, 1998 . Ins. Nicaragua, vol. 2, p. 980.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Burgos-Solorio & Anaya-Rosales, 2004 . Acta Zool. Mex. (n.s.) 20, p. 47.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Montelongo & Gómez-Zurita, 2014 . Zool. Scr. 43, p. 607.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Gómez-Zurita, 2015 . Zootaxa 3922, pp. 5–8.

Calligrapha labyrinthica: Benítez-García et al., 2017 . Rev. Mex. Biodiv. 88, p. 339.

This species, one of several Erythrographa subgen. nov. described by Carl Stål, and selected here as the subgeneric type, lacks an original designation of holotype. However, based on the works by this author, we can expect it to be either in the museum of Stockholm or in the museum of Berlin (Stål 1865). Mexico is the type locality of the species and these collections currently host three and 42 Mexican specimens, respectively, the latter collected with posteriority to the description of the species (e.g., Godman-Salvin expeditions) and from a number of localities and collectors not reported in the original description or the subsequent reappraisal ( Stål 1859, 1865), and many departing from details in the original description. Facing this situation, with several potential lectotype candidates, I choose to retain as lectotype the specimen already labeled as type in the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden). This specimen conforms well to the species description, including proportions, but also specific features further characterised by the author, such as the darkened outline of dark markings on elytra (" maculisque [...] anguste fusco-marginatis "; Stål 1865), and also lacks a pale median sutural area seen in several other specimens, not mentioned in the description, and considered a polymorphic, taxonomically irrelevant trait in this work. Relative to this feature, when preparing the material for this work, it became obvious that many specimens that generally fit the appearance of C. labyrinthica Stål , departed from the type in having this short narrow pale area medially on sutural stripe, and they tended to have thicker, more confluent dark markings on elytra. I initially thought that these may belong to a yet undiscovered species of Calligrapha and kept both morphs separated, but the material was abundant and it became aparent soon that they appeared sympatrically across the whole range of the species, and in many cases syntopically as well. Locality data for both morphs will be given separately below for future reference (also shown in different maps in Fig. 14 ), but it will be currently treated as represent phenotypic diversity of a single species.

Lectotype, by present designation: Mexico / Stål / Type / Typus [red] ( NRM).

Habitus ( Fig. 10c ). Length: 8.22 mm, width: 5.24 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately convex. Head, pronotum, most of mandibles, most of ventral thoracic surfaces, femora and broad margins of abdominal ventrites bright rufous. Basal seven antennomeres, labrum, mouth appendages, scutellum, epipleura, elytral markings, tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Four apical antennomeres, prosternum, disc of metasternum, apex of mandibles, and margin of elytral markings brown. Basal 2/3 of abdominal ventrites shiny dark brown.

Head large, transverse, deeply inserted into prothorax; surface finely microreticulate, with some moderately strong punctures towards sides of frons and close to eyes, and few shallowly impressed smaller punctures medially and near clypeal suture; frons slightly depressed near upper border of eyes, including supraocular sulci extending shortly beyond dorsal apex of eyes; frontal suture fine, but clearly impressed from vertex and apically joining fine and bisigmoidal clypeal suture. Clypeus transverse, 1.5x as wide as long at middle, anteriorly deflexed, finely microreticulate with sparse fine punctation mostly at sides, with anteriorly recumbent long pale yellowish setae. Labrum transverse, regularly curved at sides and feebly emarginate medially at anterior border, with oblique row of small punctures at each side of middle bearing long pale yellowish setae. Mandibles large, protruding beyond apex of labrum by less than length of labrum; sides flat and convergent before strong preapical curvature, with strong, large punctation and recumbent long pale yellowish setae. Maxillary palpi long, slender, with apical palpomere broadest, subtrapezoidal, gradually widening from base to straight apex; second palpomere longer than wide at apex, conspicuously narrow and slightly elbowed basally; basal palpomere slender, club-shaped. Antennae slender, reaching slightly beyond humerus and weakly clavate beyond sixth antennomere; antennomeres 1–6 and base of seventh antennomere smooth, glossy, sparsely pubescent with fine whitish hairs; apex of seventh antennomere and antennomeres 8–11 finely granulose and densely pubescent with fine white translucent hairs; scape long, narrow and feebly curved at base, subcylindrical at apical half, convex at anterior and slightly flattened at posterior border; pedicel half as long as scape, as short but longer than wide club; third antennomere 1.5x longer than pedicel, narrow and slender, straight and slightly widened at apex; fourth antennomere slender, thinner than third, weakly enlarged at apex and about 1.2x longer than pedicel; fifth antennomere as long as fourth and similar in shape; sixth antennomere subequal to pedicel but more conical; seventh antennomere nearly as long as fourth, narrow at base and neatly widened towards apex; eighth antennomere longer than wide at apex (W/L = 0.76) about as long as seventh but less conical; ninth and tenth antennomeres 1.2x and 1.3x longer than eighth, respectively, with sides subparallel beyond basal narrowed insertions; eleventh antennomere as long as scape, with sides feebly divergent from base before conically tapering at apical third. Pronotum transverse, 2.0x wider between posterior angles than long at middle, widest behind middle, with sides finely margined, weakly curved and convergent from base to moderately protruding anterior angles; anterior border feebly convex between anterior angles, finely margined; posterior border unmargined, bisinuous with median posterior lobe in middle third; surface microreticulate, relatively densely punctured on disc posteriorly with small punctures, with punctures much stronger, deeper and confluent at sides, including row of elongate strong punctures laterally along and confluent with basal border. Hypomera slightly convex, finely microreticulate, unpunctured, with basal transverse wrinkles; hypomeral suture deeply impressed from base of hypomera and weakly diverging from margin of pronotum before apical divergence delimiting base of anterior angles. Prosternum short, with anterior border concave and finely margined; surface microreticulate, transversely depressed before procoxae, with large shallow impressions and long translucent posteriorly recumbent setae; prosternal process narrow, smooth, glossy, punctured and hairy at sides, deflexed and slightly expanded at apex. Mesepimera and mesanepisterna finely shagreened, unpunctured. Metanepisterna with strong longitudinally elongated punctures, denser at outer half. Metaventrite smooth and shiny, with fine transverse impressions on disc, finely shagreened at sides, surface with sparse fine punctation and short disheveled, short, fine whitish hairs. Scutellum ogival, about as long as wide at base, feebly convex, unpunctured, nearly smooth. Elytra long, with round but marked humeri, gently curved at sides, widest at middle and regularly curved at apical third; densely and finely punctured on pale areas and within dark markings, with regular premarginal line of fine puctures parallel to lateral border in posterior half of elytra, divergent from margin in midlateral area and getting confused in subhumeral area; scutellar row of some 14 punctures present; punctures around and within some dark markings stronger, deeper. Dark elytral markings consisting of: (i) sutural stripe entire, broadly surrounding scutellum and confluent with basal border of elytron basally, gradually narrowing towards apex, narrowly reaching sutural angle; (ii) subsutural stripe completely contiguous laterally to sutural stripe, with basal end at level with middle of scutellum, feebly enlarged at apical declivity, and almost reaching elytral apex, widening again before disappearing; (iii) arcuate band entire, gently curved, inflected at middle and laterally confluent with subsutural stripe except briefly at base and before apical pronounced laterally divergent lobe; (iv) humeral spot long, irregularly sinuous externally, completely fused internally with humeral lunule, reaching basal margin of elytron basally and projecting a short transverse blunt lobe towards midlateral spot at level with basal end of arcuate band; (v) humeral lunule long, subparallel, regularly curved, fused basally with dark basal margin of elytron, and longer than humeral spot, with extra length fused laterally with basal quarter of arcuate band; (vi) two spots enclosed by humeral lunule, basal one roundish, smaller, at level with basal end of subsutural stripe, and apical spot twice as big, irregularly round and laterally confluent with subsutural stripe in intermediate position between basal spot and basal end of arcuate band; (vii) subhumeral spot large, irregular, laterally confluent with dark elytral margin and with median convexity of humeral spot; (viii) midlateral spot without darkened margin, large (occupying some eight punctures of midlateral line), completely confluent laterally with dark margin of elytron and extended posteriorly as marginal stripe between premarginal and marginal lines of punctures nearly reaching apex of elytron; (ix) spot of apical declivity large, longitudinally elongate and laterally confluent with slight enlargement of subsutural stripe at apical declivity of elytron; (x) apical spot medium-sized, roundish, slightly transverse, at level with basal end of spot of apical declivity and laterally confluent with dark marginal band of elytron; (xi) four medium-sized and one large additional spot on posterior half of disc nearly completely fused as a single feature on left elytron of type and with one of smaller spots free on the right elytron; larger spot longitudinally elongate, parallel to side of elytron, but closer to apical end of arcuate band; two medium-sized roundish spots laterally confluent with external border near both ends of large elongate spot, one roundish spot narrowly confluent with basal end of large spot, and one slightly transverse, medium-sized spot in concavity of arcuate band, touching inner border of larger spot on left elytron, free on right elytron. Epipleura very finely shagreened, unpunctured, finely margined at inner border, wide at base, conspicuously narrowed at level with midlateral spot, and feebly slanted ventrally. Femora slender, feebly enlarged medially, with sparse punctures and short appressed translucent pubescence, and larger punctures ventrally with fine recumbent whitish hairs. Tibiae about as long as correponding femora, nearly straight, with sparse, small but deep punctures, denser at rugose apex, covered with thick golden pubescence. Tarsi slender, shorter than corresponding tibiae; onychia with claws simple and divergent at acute angle. Abdominal ventrites smooth, glossy, with fine, dense punctation with short, posteriorly recumbent fine yellowish hairs except near posterior borders of all but last ventrite; sides of ventrites slightly depressed, rugose and shagreened. Penis ( Figs 11e, 11f ) narrower in lateral profile than wide at base in ventral view, rather regularly curved dorsally before pronounced tapering towards apex at apical quarter; ventral profile enlarged at apical half, before opening of operculum, slightly wider than distance between lateral teeth at apex; dorsal flap of operculum wide and short; apical border regularly curved, projecting short lateral acute teeth posteriorly; distal end of flagellum sclerotized dorsally and deeply incised, showing as two narrow, divergent, pointed arms.

Distribution. This species can be considered a Neotropical endemism, and it is largely distributed in the Mexican Transition Zone and the Caribbean Mesoamerican domains ( Morrone 2006), from most of central and southern Mexico to Costa Rica ( Fig. 14 ). In the list of examined material below and the corresponding maps, the records will be further separated depending on the presence of pale sutural area in the specimens to show nearly perfect overlap between the ranges, as well as the justification to ignore this conspicuous trait to further subdivide taxonomically this highly variable, widely distributed species.

Other material examined (344 specimens matching the type; black triangles in Fig. 14 ).

BRASIL. MfN: (1) one specimen: Brasil.

COLOMBIA. NMNH: (1) one specimen: Colombia, Cauca Dept., Valle del Cauca, Buga 1700 m, 16 May 1973, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011 .

COSTA RICA.

IBE-JGZ: (1) two specimens: [JAJ98, JAJ99] Costa Rica, Alajuela, San Ramón, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sept. 2009, J.A. Jurado leg., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. MCZ: (1) three specimens: Bebedero, Costa Rica, (Underwood, 94) [one with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål ]; (2) four specimens: Costa Rica; (3) two specimens: Collection Schild-Burgdorf, Costa Rica, Atenas, 7, F.A. Eddy Collection; (4) one specimen: Collection Schild-Burgdorf, Costa Rica, Piedras Negras, 6, F.A. Eddy Collection; (5) one specimen: Cerro Central, Zurque, Costa Rica, 27-XII, C.P. Dodge; (6) one specimen: Collection Schild- Burgdorf, Costa Rica, Atenas, Jacoby 2nd Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010; (7) two specimens: C. Rica, Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010; (8) one specimen: Costa R., 1st Jacoby Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010; (9) one specimen: Cariblanco, Costa Rica, Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010. MfN: (1) one specimen: Costaric., Frantz, 39597; (2) seven specimens: Collection Schild-Burgdorf, Costa Rica, Piedras Negras; (3) two specimens: Collection Schild- Burgdorf, Costa Rica, Atenas [one with: Calligr. elegantula Jac.? Ws.]. NMB: (1) three specimens: Turrialba, Costarica; (2) one specimen: La Caja, Costa Rica, Reimoser, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010. NMCZ: (1) three specimens: Costa Rica, Coll. Boucard, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (2) one specimen: Costa Rica, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (3) one specimen: Turrialba, Costarica, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense.

NMNH: (1) one specimen: Atenas , Costa Rica, Coll. Schild & Burgdorf; (2) one specimen: Costa Rica, F. Nevermann 17-7-30; (3) one specimen: San Jose, C.R., June ’24, F. Gongora, Nevermann Collection 1940; (4) two specimens: Piedr. Negras, Costa Rica, Coll. Schild & Burgdorf; (5) one specimen: Atenas , Costa Rica, Coll. Schild & Burgdorf; (6) one specimen: Alajuela, C.R., viii.1930, altitude 900 m, Field Mus., F. Psota Coll., F. Monrós Collection 1959; (7) one specimen: on Phaseolus vulgaris, Mata Redonda C.R. , 12.14.’35, C. Wiessel, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, C.R., 4059, C.H. Ballou; (8) one specimen: Mataredonda C.R., 12.14.’35, C.M. Wiessel, San Pedro de Montes de Oca C.R. 4059, C.H. Ballou; (9) one specimen: Ciruelas, C.R., ix.1930, altitude 850 m, Field Mus. (F. Psota Coll.), F. Monrós Collection 1959 . ZSM: (1) one specimen: San Jose, Costa Rica; (2) one specimen: Collection Schild-Burgdorf, Costa-Rica, Atenas , Calligrapha labyrinthica, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke .

GUATEMALA. MTJM: (1) one specimen: Guatemala, Suchitepequez Dept., Finca Los Tarrales , ca. 10 km N of Patulul, 7 june 2005, 14°32.05'N 91°08.86'W, 1050 m, sweeping veg., R. S. Zack .

HONDURAS.

NMNH: (1) one specimen: Ecuat. Hond., J.V. Mankins collector, Calligrapha labyrinthica Det. 1977 J.V. Mankins ; (2) one specimen: 310, Ecuat. Hond. 31-7-74, J.V. Mankins collector; (3) one specimen: Honduras, Signatepec [ Siguatepeque ], 25 July 1981, B. McAfee .

MEXICO.

IBE-JGZ: (1) one specimen: IBE-JGZ-C327, Mexico, Veracruz, Catemaco, Alexey G. Moseyko leg., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. MCZ: (1) one specimen: Oaxaca; (2) one specimen: Guadalajara, Mexico; (3) one specimen: Huauchinango, Mexico; (4) five specimens: Guadalajara, Mexico, Dr. Buller; (5) three specimens: Mexico, Saltillo, E. Palmer; (6) two specimens: Mex., Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (7) one specimen: Tuxpan, Jalisco, Mex., 9/6 1903, J.F. McClendon; (8) six specimens: Mexico, Jal., Guadalajara, VIII/10- 11/65, H.E. & M.A. Evans; (9) one specimen: Mexico, Jalisco, 9 mi S Guadalajara, VII-24-65, H.E. Evans; (10) two specimens: Mex.; (11) one specimen: Juquila, Mexico, Sallé Coll., 1 st Jacoby Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010; (12) one specimen: Paso de San Juan, Vera Cruz, Höge, Jacoby 2nd Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010; (13) four specimens: Temax, N. Yucatan, Gaumer, Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (14) one specimen: Mexico, Sallé coll., 1st Jacoby Coll.; (15) one specimen: Ventanas, Durango, Höge, Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (16) one specimen: Tonila, Colima, Höge, Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (17) one specimen: Guadaloupe, Mexico; (18) one specimen: Josei, Mexico; (19) one specimen: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mex., 8/24, 1903, J.F. McClendon; (20) three specimens: Oaxaca; (21) one specimen: Calligrapha regularis , rubronotata Chev. Dej. Mex. ; (22) one specimen: Jalapa, Crawford, 18, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010. MfN: (1) one specimen: 29794, labyrinthica Stål , labyrinthica St. , Mexico, Deppe; (2) one specimen: Talea 15; (3) one specimen: Ventanas 17; (4) one specimen: Tepic 11; (5) two specimens: Mexico, Canelas [one with: labyrinthica Stål ]; (6) one specimen: Mexico, Colima; (7) two specimens: Mexico; (8) two specimens: Mexico, Heyne W. [one with: 49]; (9) five specimens: El Cora, Tepic, Ad. Lüdecke; (10) one specimen: Canelas; (11) one specimen: Mexico, Hoege; (12) five specimens: Mexico; (13) one specimen: Mexico, Hoege S., Kotze G.; (14) one specimen: Tuxtla [Tixtla]; (15) one specimen: Ixtlan 15, Zool. Mus. Berlin, Calligrapha notatipennis Stål , det. M. Daccordi 1991; (16) one specimen: Mexico, Puebla, eupatris Stål?; (17) two specimens: Mexico, Dr. Will [one with: Calligrapha mexicana Jc. ]. NHM: (1) two specimens: Truqui, Mexico, Fry Coll. 1905.100 [one with: 23847]; (2) one specimen: Mexico, Tehuant c, Fry Coll. 1905.100; (3) one specimen: Mexique, Baly Coll.; (4) one specimen: Ex. Coll. J. Sturm, Mexico, B. Chrys . flavosignata Mihi , Mexico, Sallé Coll., Calligrapha flavosignata Strm. apud Sallé, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (5) one specimen: Cuernavaca, Morelos, June, H.H.S., Godman- Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (6) one specimen: Ex Coll. J. Sturm, Calligr. flavosignata St. , Mexico, Sallé Coll., 659, Calligrapha flavosignata Strm apud Sallé, Sp. figured, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (7) one specimen: Chilpancingo, Guerrero 4600 ft, June, H.H. Smith, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (8) sixteen specimens: Temascaltepec, 1931 [six with: 1831], Mex. D.F., G.B. Hinton Collector, Hinton Coll., B.M. 1937-173; (9) one specimen: Real de Arriba, Temascaltepec Mex., 6–7000 ft., 1932, B.M. 1959-100, H.E. Hinton, R.L. Usinger Collectors; (10) one specimen: Cuernavaca, vi.1934, Mex., Coll. H.E. Hinton, Hinton Coll., B.M. 1939- 583. NMB: (1) four specimens: Oaxaca, Mexico; (2) one specimen: Mexico, Coll. Lange, Erwerb 1955, Coll. Brancsik; (3) one specimen: Mexico, Erwerb 1955, Coll. Brancsik; (4) one specimen: Oaxaca, Mexico; (5) one specimen: Mexiko. NMCZ: (1) one specimen: Oaxaca, Ballcard, ex coll. Chevrolat, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (2) two specimens: Mex. Deyr., ex coll. Chevrolat, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (3) one specimen: Mexique, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (4) one specimen: 232, labyrinthica Stål , Mexico, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (5) one specimen: Mexique, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (6) one specimen: Jalapa, Mexico, Hoege; (7) one specimen: Mexique, Boucard, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (8) one specimen: Sierra de Durango, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (9) one specimen: Mexique, Mexico, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (10) two specimens: Mexique, Mexico, Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Achard det. in BCA, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense. NMNH: (1) two specimens: Mexique, Gift of F.C. Bowditch [one with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål ]; (2) ten specimens: Colima Vulcano, Mex., L. Conrad [seven with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål ]; (3) one specimen: Colima, Col. Mex., Conradt; (4) thirty-seven specimens: Rin Antonio, Oax., Mex., Fred K. Knab collector [one with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål F. Monrós det. 1953]; (5) one specimen: Rin Antonio, Oax. Mex., F. Monrós Collection 1959, Calligrapha notatipennis Stål F. Monrós det. 1954; (6) one specimen: Dique, Mexico, 56, A.J. Herrera, 20 Dic 1923; (7) one specimen: on orchid plant, Mexico, Laredo Tex., XII-10-45 20241, 45-20241; (8) five specimens: Mexico, Mexico, Tejupilco de Hidalgo 18°54’N 100°09’W, 21 July 1995, leg. D. Furth & G. Chavarria; (9) one specimen: Mexico, V.C., Huatusco, 9 oct 1964, A.B. Lau; (10) one specimen: Mexico, Chiapas, 2600’, 3.9 mi N Ocozocuautla, iii.4 –5.1966, in bromeliads, George E. Ball & D.R. Whitehead collectors; (11) one specimen: Mex., Nuevo León, Rte. 60, 14.8 mi W Linares, 2400’, x.18 -20.65, George E. Ball & D. R. Whitehead collectors; (12) one specimen: Rin Antonio, Oax., Mex., F. Monrós Collection 1959; (13) one specimen: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mex., N.L.H. Krauss, vi.1955; (14) one specimen: Mexico, Ver., Cordoba, vii.28.1964, A.B. Lau; (15) three specimens: Mexico, R.F. Pearsall, Brooklyn Museum Coll. 1928; (16) one specimen: Acahuato, Michoacan, Mexico, Alt. 3000 ft., August 19, 1941, Coll. H. Hoogstraal, open pine forest, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (17) six specimens: Veracruz, Catemaco, Mexico, P. Hubbell 7.1973; (18) three specimens: 96 km SW Guadalajara, Jal., Mex. 5500’, July 25, 1952, F.W. & F.G. Werner, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (19) one specimen: orchid plant, S. Luis Potosí, SLP Mexico, Lar-43516, Apr. 23-47, 47-6148, Calligrapha sp. Barber ’47; (20) two specimens: 15 km N of Chapalilla, Nay., Mex., 19 July 1951, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (21) one specimen: Mexico, Veracruz, Cordoba, vi.1952, Coll. G. Halffter, F. Monrós Collection 1959. OUMNH: (1) one specimen: Mex., Named 1898 by M. Jacoby Calligrapha labyrinthica St. ; (2) three specimens: Mex. Named 1897 by M. Jacoby Calligrapha notatipennis St. , Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (3) one specimen: Named 1898 by M. Jacoby Calligrapha notatipennis St. , regularis, Mexico, Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen: Temax, N. Yucatan, Gaumer, B.C.A. duplicates pres. 1909 by F.D. Godman, Cat. No. 84. RBINS: (1) one specimen: Mexique, Coll. Chapuis, C. signatipennis spp. d. var. b. St. 501, Suffrian Type, det. Zygogramma signatipennis Stål. TAMUIC: (1) one specimen: X0533065, Mexico, Jalisco, 22 km NE Zapotlanejo, 30.vii.1978, Plitt & Schaffner coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) one specimen: X0533241, Mexico, Chiapas, 45 km SW Cintalapa, 12.viii.1967, Horace R. Burke & John E. Hafernik coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (3) one specimen: X0533258, Mexico, Chiapas, 7 mi S Ixtapa, 16.vi.1966, Jack Meyer coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen: X0533294, Mexico, Oaxaca, 2 mi N Candelaria Loxicha, 17–18.vii.1974, Wayne E. Clark, Robert R. Murray, James S. Ashe & Joseph C. Schaffner coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (5) one specimen: X0533328, Mexico, Chiapas, 3 mi SE La Trinitaria, 18–19.vi.1965, Horace R. Burke, Jack Meyer & Joseph C. Schaffner coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (6) two specimens: [X0533473, X0533633], Mexico, Chiapas, 8.4 mi N Ocozocoautla, 2900’, 16.viii.1967, Horace R. Burke & J. Hafernik coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (7) one specimen: X0533479, Mexico, Guerrero, 2 mi E Ocotito, 11.vii.1985, Jones & Schaffner coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (8) one specimen: X0533485, Mexico, Chiapas, 12 mi E Chiapa de Corzo, 23.vi.1965, Meyer, Schaffner & Burke coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (9) one specimen: X0533826, Mexico, Chiapas, 13.5 mi E Chiapa de Corzo, 10.vii.1971, Hart, Murray & Schaffner coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (10) one specimen: X0534000, Mexico, Guerrero, 15 mi SW Chichihualco, 15.vii.1984, L.E. Carroll, J.C. Schaffner & T.P. Friedlander coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (11) one specimen: X0535585, Mexico, Chiapas, 14.8 mi S Bochil, 9.vii.1971, Hart, Murray & Schaffner coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (12) four specimens: [X0540808, X0543090, X0548096, X0549662], Mexico, Guerrero, 7–10 km W El Ocotito, 15–22.ix.1989, James E. Wappes coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (13) one specimen: X0542138, Mexico, Veracruz, Catemaco, 21.vii.1981, Peter M. Jump coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. ZSM: (1) one specimen: Jalapa, Mexico, Hoege, argus Stål, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke , Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez- Zurita det. 2011; (2) seven specimens: Vulkan Colima, coll. Joh. Laue 1918 [one with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål det. Dr. J. Bechyne 1949]; (3) six specimens: Vulkan Colima, coll. Joh. Laue 27.iii.1918; (4) two specimens: Vulkan Colima Mexiko 1918, coll. Joh. Laue; (5) two specimens: Vulkan Colima, coll. Joh. Laue, 6.vi.1918; (6) two specimens: Vulcan Colima Mexico, 1918, Coll. Joh. Laue, Esperanza 1000 m; (7) twelve specimens: Vulkan Colima, coll. Joh. Laue; (8) two specimens: Mexico, Colima, Polyspila labyrinthica Stål, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke ; (9) one specimen: Mexico, Guadalajara, Jal. 1976, leg. H.W. Fittkau; (10) one specimen: Acapulco, Guerrero, Höge, Calligrapha notatipennis Stål ; (11) one specimen: Jalapa, Mexico, Hoege, Calligrapha suboculata Stål, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke.

NICARAGUA.

IBE-JGZ: (1) three specimens: [IBE-JGZ-C244, IBE-JGZ-C267, IBE-JGZ-C268], Nicaragua, Estelí, Reserva Natural Miraflor, Los Charcos, VII-2010, Jean-Michel Maes leg., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. MCZ: (1) one specimen: Naranja, Nicaragua; (2) one specimen: Chontales, Nicaragua, Janson, 1st Jacoby Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010. NMNH: (1) one specimen: Chontales, Nicaragua, Janson.

UNKNOWN SOURCE. MCZ: (1) one specimen: Cent. Am.; (2) one specimen: Chr. mexicana ; (3) one specimen: [no data]. MfN: (1) five specimens: [no data]. NHM: (1) one specimen: 163, Baly Coll., Calligrapha NJ. assimilis? [...]; (2) one specimen: Baly Coll. NMCZ: (1) one specimen: labyrinthica J. Achard det., Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (2) one specimen: Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (3) one specimen: Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2009. NMNH: (1) one specimen: R. Virilla 11.vii.26, K. Keithel, Nevermann Collection 1940; (2) two specimens: Gift ex. MCZ, Dupl. series. OUMNH: (1) one specimen: Named 1897 by M. Jacoby Calligrapha notatipennis Stål. RBINS: (1) one specimen: Polyspila Hope notatipennis Stål Am C 41-6, Coll. Thirot, R.I.Sc.N.B. I.G. 18.937, notatipennis Stål ; (2) one specimen: Collect. Duvivier, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Bechyné det., 1954, det. Calligrapha notatipennis Stål ; (3) one specimen: Restit. 1885, det. Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål ; (4) one specimen: Collect Duvivier, det. Calligrapha notatipennis Stål ; (5) two specimens: Coll. Chapuis, det. Zygogramma signatipennis Stål ; (6) one specimen: det. Calligrapha notatipennis Stål ; (7) one specimen: Coll. Thirot, notatipennis Stål, R.I.Sc.N.B. I.G. 18.937.

Other material examined (187 specimens with pale sutural area; white triangles in Fig. 14 ).

COSTA RICA.

EGRC: (1) one specimen: Costa Rica, San José, San José Escazu, 12.v.1989, D. Thomas & F. Parker coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. FSCA: (1) one specimen: Costa Rica, Alajuela Province, 6–8 km W Atenas, 1–2.vi.1980, J.E. Wappes coll., Calligrapha notatipennis Stål Det. E.G. Riley ’82, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. NHM: (1) three specimens: heathland 3200, mainly Mimosa spp ., Costa Rica, Río Macho, Río Grande de Orosí, 15.ii–17.ii.1982, R.J. Kirby & S.A. Speight BM1982-260; (2) two specimens: Cª. Rica, Fry Coll. 1905.100 [x2]; (3) three specimens: Costa Rica, 96-4, 549 [one with: Calligrapha notatipennis Stål ]; (4) one specimen: Costa Rica, 92-48, Calligrapha notatipennis Stål.

GUATEMALA.

NHM: (1) one specimen: Guatemª, 55.71; (2) one specimen: Chry notatipennis Stål, Guatm. , 67-56; (3) one specimen: Capetillo, Guatemala, G.C. Champion, Calligrapha notatipennis Stål, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr. -Amer.; (4) one specimen: Zapote, Guatemala, G.C. Champion, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.

HONDURAS.

EGRC: (1) one specimen: Honduras, 26 mi NW Tegucigalpa, 4100 ft., 17.vii.1974, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) one specimen: Honduras, Comayagua, 21 km NW Siguatepeque, ch. 5 Rd, 1.viii.1977, O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez- Zurita det. 2011; (3) one specimen: Honduras, Comayagua, 8 km W Siguatepeque, 2.viii.1978, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen: Honduras, Comayagua, 14 mi NW Siguatepeque, 19.vii.1974, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (5) one specimen: Honduras, Olancho, 34 mi SW Juticalpa, 1900ft., 16.vi.1974, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (6) one specimen: Honduras, D.C., 6 mi NW Tegucigalpa, 4900’, 10.vi.1974, O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (7) one specimen: Honduras, Comayagua, 10 km SE Siguatepeque, 14.vii.1977, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (8) one specimen: Honduras, Comayagua, 3 km S La Libertad, 18.vii.1977, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (9) two specimens: Honduras, Francisco Morazán, 12 mi W Talanga, 11.xi.1984, C.W. O’Brien coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (10) one specimen: Honduras, Francisco Morazán, 20 mi N Tegucigalpa, 9.ix.1984, C.W. O’Brien coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. FSCA: (1) one specimen: Honduras, Francisco Morazán, 8 km N Talanga, 27.v.1995, R. Turnbow coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) one specimen: Honduras, El Paraíso, Monserrat [Moncerrato], 5720’, 25.v.1993, P.W. Skilman, Jr. coll., sweeping, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011.

MEXICO.

EGRC: (1) one specimen: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Bocatoma, 7 km SSE Gómez Farias, 27–28.v.1979, E.G. Riley coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) three specimens: Mexico, Chiapas, Cuxtepeques area, 15.vi.1987, D.B. Thomas & A. Mendoza coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (3) one specimen: Mexico, Yucatán, 13 mi E Valladolid, 7.viii.1974, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen: Mexico, Chiapas, Finca La Trinidad, 13.iv.1985, D.B. Thomas coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (5) one specimen: Mexico, Hidalgo, Minera Autlan (=Otongo), 3400’, 1.viii.1982, C.W. and L. O’Brien & Marshall coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (6) two specimens: Mexico, Jalisco, Hwy54, 1 mi S Atenquique, 4500ft., 9.viii.1982, C.W. and L. O’Brien & G. Wibmer coll., Calligrapha aladina Bech. det. Daccordi ’86, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (7) one specimen: Mexico, Sinaloa, 32.9 mi NE Villa Unión, La Guayanera, 1.vii.1982, A.J. Gilbert coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (8) one specimen: Mexico, Jalisco, 12 km N El Tuito, 15.vii.1990, J.E. Wappes coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (9) one specimen: Mexico, Guerrero, 28 km W Taxco, 7600 ft., 20.ix.1989, J.E. Wappes coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (10) one specimen: Mexico, Guerrero, 29.9 km S Chilpancingo, 22.vii.1986, R. Turnbow coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (11) one specimen: Mexico, Jalisco, 6 km N El Tuito, 15–17.vii.1993, J. Huether, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez- Zurita det. 2011. FSCA: (1) one specimen: Mexico, Guerrero, 22 km E Chichihualco, 5200’, 22.ix.1989, R. Turnbow coll., Calligrapha notatipennis Stål Det. E.G. Riley ’82, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) one specimen: Mexico, Chiapas, 1 km S Ocosingo, 18.x.1988, R. Turnbow coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (3) one specimen: Mexico, Veracruz, Catemaco-Tuxtlas Biol. Sta. Rd., 15–17.vi.1985, Askevold & Heffern coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen: Mexico, Veracruz, vic. of El Salto de Eyipantla, 15 km S San Andrés Tuxtla, 15–28.vi.1985, Askevold & Heffern coll.; (5) one specimen: Mexico, Chiapas, Rte. 195, ca. 30 km S jct. Rtes. 190 and 195, 830 m, 14.i.1979, G.E. & K.E. Ball coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (6) one specimen: Mexico, Chiapas, Cumbre Le Orriaga [Arriaga?], 20.vi.1972, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (7) one specimen: Mexico, Nuevo León, Cola de Caballo, 20.vi.1975, D. Weems coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (8) one specimen: Mexico, State of Mexico, 3 mi N of Valle de Bravo, 30.vi.1965, G.H. & D.E. Nelson coll., on Mimosa sp., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål det. A.J. Gilbert ’87; (9) two specimens: Mexico, Guerrero, 22 km E Chichihualco, 5200’, 22.ix.1989, E. Giesbert coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (10) one specimen: Mexico, Jalisco, 14 km SW Cocula, 28.ix.1991, E. Giesbert coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (11) eight specimens: Mexico, Zacatecas, 6 km SSW Tepetongo, 3.x.1990, J.E. Wappes coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011.

HNHM: (1) one specimen: Mexico, coll. Geitner, Calligrapha , C. notatipennis det. Daccordi 1979, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2017; (2) one specimen: Mexico, Procopp, C. limbaticollis det. Daccordi 1979, Calligrapha limbaticollis det. Daccordi '79, Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2017. IBE- JGZ: (1) three specimens: [IBE-JGZ-C545, IBE-JGZ-C546, IBE-JGZ-C558] Mexico, Morelos, Puente de Ixtla, La Tigra 18°30'57''N 99°19'53.7''W, 25/05/12, Magdalena Ordóñez Reséndiz leg., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2012. MCZ: (1) one specimen: Cuern.; (2) one specimen: Mex., Colima, S. Slipchert, J. Strayer; (3) one specimen: Jalisco, Dr. B.; (4) one specimen: Yolos [Yolox], Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (5) five specimens: Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 4600 ft, June, H.H. Smith, Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (6) three specimens: Cuernava, Mexico, vi; (7) one specimen: Cuernavaca, Mor. Mex., Wickham, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010. MfN: (1) one specimen: Cuantla [Cuautla] 25; (2) one specimen: Temascaltepec 24; (3) one specimen: Guadalajara 11; (4) one specimen: labyrinthica var. Mex. Klug; (5) two specimens: Mexico; (6) two specimens: Mexico, Guerrero; (7) five specimens: Tepetlapa [one with:?labyrinthica]. NHM: (1) one specimen: Named by Stål, Sp. figured, Baly Coll., labyrinthica Stål , Mexico [underneath: named by Stål, Col: Deyrolle]; (2) two specimens: Mexico, 44/13; (3) one specimen: Oax., Baly Coll.; (4) one specimen: Mexico, 2055; (5) one specimen: Oax., 67- 56; (6) one specimen: Mexico, 2055, 67-56; (7) one specimen: Playa Vicente, Mexico, Sallé Coll., Calligrapha diversa Stål apud Sallé, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (8) four specimens: Temax, N. Yucatan, Gaumer, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (9) one specimen: Cordova, Mexico, Sallé Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål apud Sallé, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (10) two specimens: Jalapa, Mexico, Hoege, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (11) one specimen: Acapulco, Guerrero, Höge, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (12) two specimens: Juquila, Mexico, Sallé Coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål apud Sallé, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (13) two specimens: Veracruz, Mexico, Sallé Coll., 654, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål apud Sallé, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (14) one specimen: Mexico, Tarnier, Co-Type, Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221, Calligrapha notatipennis Stål. NMB: (1) one specimen: Colima, Mexico, Polyspila labyrinthica J. Achard det.; (2) one specimen: Jalapa, Mexico, Hoege; (3) one specimen: Mexiko. NMCZ: (1) two specimens: Mexico; (2) one specimen: Mexique, Bourcard, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (3) one specimen: labyrinthica Stål , Mexico, 112, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (4) four specimens: Tepetlapa, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense [one with: Mexico]; (5) one specimen: Temax, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (6) one specimen: Mex., Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (7) two specimens: Mexico, Coll. Nickerl Mus. Pragense, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål, Mex. NMNH: (1) one specimen: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mex., Mar. ’23, F. Monrós Collection 1959, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål F. Monrós det. 1964; (2) one specimen: Cuernavaca Mex., 7-7-00, El. 5000 ft, C.C. Deam Collector, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål ; (3) one specimen: Cuernavaca, Mor. Mex., Wickham Collection 1933; (4) one specimen: State of Colima, Mex., L. Conradt coll.; (5) two specimens: Mexico DF, E Mexico City, 27.v.1972, G.D. Ehni, Tillandsia sp. Lot 72-11895 [one with: Calligrapha sp. nr. labyrinthica Stål det. R. White]; (6) two specimens: Mexico, Mexico, El Salitre, 5 km W Nanchititla Rd. 18°50’N 100°20’W, 19 July 1995, leg. D. Furth & G. Chavarria [one with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011]; (7) three specimens: Mexico, Morelos, Cañón de Lobos, 12 mi E Cuernavaca, 18°51’N 99°05’W, 14 July 1995, leg. D. Furth & G. Chavarria [one with: Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011]; (8) twelve specimens: Mexi., Mexico, Ixtapan de la Sal, iii.5.72, ex Bromeliad, F. Parker & D. Miller; (9) two specimens: Colima Vulcano, Mex., L. Conrad; (10) one specimen: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca, viii.21.44, N.L.H. Krauss; (11) one specimen: Oaxaca, Mex., June 6, 1938, R. Greenfield; (12) one specimen: Cuernavaca, Mex., NLH Krauss, vi.1955; (13) one specimen: Mexico, Morelos, Tetecala, 20.vii.1947, G. Halffter, F. Monrós Collection 1959, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. NRM: (1) one specimen: Mexico, Sallé; (2) one specimen: labyrinthica Stål. OUMNH: (1) one specimen: W. Mexico, Coffin, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål. TAMUIC: (1) ten specimens: [X0532925, X0534146, X0534166, X0534234, X0534244, X0534274, X0534568, X0535188, X0535232, X0535318], Mexico, Zacatecas, 6 km SSW Tepetongo, 3.x.1990, James E. Wappes coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) one specimen: X0534746, Mexico, Guerrero, 7.2 km NW Ocotito, 7.vii.1987, J. Heraty coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (3) one specimen: X0534776, Mexico, Veracruz, Patla, 25.viii.1996, Thomas & Burne coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen: X0535662, Mexico, Guerrero, 15 mi SW Chichihualco, 15.vii.1984, L.E. Carroll, J.C. Schaffner & T.P. Friedlander coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (5) one specimen: X0582931, Mexico, Sinaloa, Mazatlan, 26.vii.1970, A.W. Tuttle coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica St. J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. ZSM: (1) one specimen: Tepetlapa, Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål.

NICARAGUA.

FSCA: (1) one specimen: Nicaragua, Matagalpa, iii.1974, F. Fuchs coll., Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. NHM: (1) one specimen: Janson, Nicarag., Chont s, Fry Coll. 1900.100; (2) two specimens: Chontales, Nicaragua, T. Belt, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.; (3) one specimen: Chontales, Nicaragua, Janson, Godman-Salvin Coll., Biol. Centr.-Amer.

UNKNOWN SOURCE. MCZ: (1) three specimens: 1st Jacoby Collection. MfN: (1) three specimens: [no data] [they belong to series: 29794, labyrinthica Stål , labyrinthica St. , Mexico, Deppe]. ZSM: (1) one specimen: Calligrapha notatipennis Stål, Pa., Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke.

Variation. Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål is characterised by the presence of a subhumeral spot and a welldeveloped midlateral spot that expands posteriorly on elytral margin nearly reaching the apex of elytra in some cases. In this species, markings are generally rotund, the apex of humeral lunule is confluent with the base of the arcuate band, which in turn is broadly confluent with the subsutural stripe, and the additional markings on disc can be free, connected in different combinations and even confluent as a single large irregular marking. I already mentioned that at least two divergent forms can be separated based on the absence or presence of a narrow pale longitudinal area medially on the suture, which tends to correlate with other traits, including generalized confluence of elytral markings, with additional spots tending to agglutinate in a single feature. In turn, specimens with the suture completely dark show less confluence of markings, the additional spots can appear free in some cases, and tend to have lower contrast between the markings and their darkened margin. Perhaps this largely distributed species (together with C. aladina Bechyné ) should be better described as a species complex, since the observed variation usually goes beyond what is observed in other taxa. But for the time being, until additional information becomes available, only two species will be recognized and, in the case of C. labyrinthica , with variation in the range described in this section. The coloration of the species is generally reddish brown, but in some cases it can be dark brown, so dark as to resemble that of C. suboculata Stål. This would be the case of one of the two Mexican specimens of the MCZ series #10, which despite its colour and contrasting with C. suboculata , has conspicuous subhumeral and additional spots; this specimen shows another abnormal character, namely the fusion of the two spots enclosed by the humeral lunule. The apex of antennae and maxillary palpi can be blackened, a state that is typical of C. aladina Bechyné. As mentioned several times, the narrow pale sutural area can be present or missing, but in one specimen from Chilpancingo (Guerrero, Mexico; NHM #7) the pale area is abnormally large and broad; however, the specimen shows other totally eccentric features, such as pale markings on pronotum similar to those seen in C. gyllenhali Stål. Although the latter trait is exceptional, this is not the only specimen of C. labyrinthica Stål with pale margins of pronotum, and one of the specimens with pale sutural marking from Jalapa ( Mexico; NMB entry #2) has the anterior and lateral margins of pronotum with a broad sinuous pale stripe. Sutural and subsutural stripes are normally fully confluent at base, but in at least one case, in one specimen from Cordoba ( Mexico), the base of the subsutural stripe is broken and as a narrow, elongate, slightly oblique spot. In some cases, the basal spot enclosed by humeral lunule can be minute, as a blackish dot, or even absent; the other, larger spot is generally free, but sometimes it is narrowly confluent externally with the humeral lunule, internally with the subsutural stripe or confluent with both subsutural stripe and humeral lunule. Even though very rarely, as already mentioned above for one specimen, both spots can be narrowly joined or, as seen in the specimen with pale sutural marking from Playa Vicente (NHM #7), both can be completely fused as a single large spot. The presence of subhumeral spot is a constant character in C. labyrinthica (only noticed as missing in two Mexican specimens; MCZ #10 and one of the series MCZ #13), and this marking can be detached from the elytral margin, from the humeral spot or, infrequently, from both. The latter configuration has been observed, among others, in a number of specimens from different origins and currently part of the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin) that share the presence of a small, usually free subhumeral spot, together with a completely dark suture and additional spots on disc of elytra free from each other, reminiscent of the pattern observed in C. notatipennis Stål. The large midlateral spot is another constant character in C. labyrinthica , and among the large number of studied specimens, it is only missing in one specimen from Xalapa (Veracruz, Mexico; MCZ #22), which also has pale epipleura. In a reduced number of specimens, the apex of humeral lunule might not be confluent with the base of arcuate band. In some specimens, the spot of apical declivity and apical spot can be connected, and sometimes the latter can be free. Finally, the exact shape and confluence of additional spots is variable: they can be small or large, with or without different confluence patterns, or largely confluent as a large discal marking (as it is typical for specimens with pale sutural marking).

Remarks. The existence of individuals with traits apparently intermediate between C. labyrinthica Stål and other species in this group, or with abnormal colouration or arrangement of markings has been already discussed and, at least in some cases, they may be interspecific hybrids showing developmental abnormalities because of their hybrid origin. However, interspecific hybridization as the root for phenotypic oddity might not always be the most logical cause, and alternative explanations will have to be explored. This might be the case of a series of four specimens from Temax, in northern Yucatan (MCZ #13), far from the ranges of any other Erythrographa subgen. nov. species, which look like and are classified here as belonging to C. labyrinthica , but acknowledging a strange combination of characters. For example, their humeral marking is long, largely bifid at apex, very similar to this marking in C. notatipennis , with the branch corresponding to the humeral lunule reaching basal 1/3 of the arcuate band, barely touching it, except in one of the specimens, where both markings are frankly fused laterally; remarkably, the arcuate band in all the specimens is free from the subsutural stripe and less concave than in C. labyrinthica , and it appears broken in a single elytron of one of the specimens; the apical half of the elytral margin is darkened in all the specimens as typical of C. labyrinthica , but three of the specimens have a very small subhumeral spot and one of them lacks it entirely; finally, the additional spots of these specimens are small, dotlike in some cases, similar to the spots in C. suboculata , but reddish instead of brown, as it would be typical in this species. Another specimen from the same locality (OUMNH #4), even though it has an elongate midlateral spot and a conspicuous subhumeral spot with the apex of the humeral lunule touching the base of the arcuate band, it also has the latter completely detached from the subsutural stripe and broken in two spots on its right elytron (basal one elongate, apical one round, small), and it also has the spots of apical declivity small and detached from the subsutural stripes. Among the unusual combination of traits described for these specimens, the one in particular that deserves a special comment is the detached arcuate band, as a fixed character in the specimens in this area. All the species in this group, including C. labyrinthica , have the arcuate band fused with the subsutural stripe, and only the divergent group of species allied to C. limbaticollis Stål has them separate. The specimens from Temax showing free, sometimes broken arcuate band must be thus affected by a relatively profound change in their developmental program relative to their entire lineage. The fact that all the specimens from this locality share this highly unusual trait, and that they cannot be readily attributed to direct effects of hybridization, since these populations are allopatric with any other related species, cannot be explained at present and until additional data becomes available, it is considered a local variation of the species.

Figures

FIGURE 10. Dorsal and lateral views of the lectotype of Calligrapha suboculata Stål (a), lectotype of C. notatipennis Stål (b), lectotype of C. labyrinthica Stål (c), and the holotype of C. aladina Bechyné (d).

FIGURE 11. Ventral and lateral views and dorsal view of apex of the penises of Calligrapha suboculata Stål (a, b), C. notatipennis Stål (c, d), C. labyrinthica Stål (e, f) and C. aladina Bechyné (g, h). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 14. Distribution of Calligrapha labyrinthica Stål, separating localities with specimens with completely dark and with narrowly pale suture.