Troporhysipolis Quicke, Belokobylskij & Butcher

Donald L. J. Quicke, Sergey A. Belokobylskij & M. Alex Smith, 2016, A New Genus of Rhysipoline Wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Modified Wing Venation from Africa and Papua New Guinea, Parasitoid on Choreutidae (Lepidoptera), Annales Zoologici 66 (2), pp. 173-192 : 174-179

Troporhysipolis Quicke, Belokobylskij & Butcher , gen. nov.

Etymology. From “tropic”, the climatic belt where this taxon lived, and the generic name “ Rhysipolis ”. Gender: masculine.

Diagnosis. Cyclostome. Labial palp 4-segmented, maxillary palp 6-segmented. Occipital carina complete. Hypostomal and occipital carinae reaching mandible base separately. Epicnemial carina complete. Propodeum areolate. Fore wing vein cu-a (nervulus) anterfurcal and second subdiscal (brachial) cell swollen.

Subfamilies and genera Species Specimen voucher Provenance GenBank 28S Number CO1 Doryctinae Dendrosoter protuberans JM920 Turkey EF645736 EF645775 Doryctes erythromelas JM601 USA: Texas, College Station GQ374709 GQ374627 Heterospilus prosopidis — ex culture AY935469 AY935396 Hypodoryctes sibiricus none & JM 981 Finland & no data AJ302895 DQ498965 Syngaster lepidus — Australia AJ245698 DQ498963 Hormiinae Hormius moniliatus za201|203 Greenland — KF604624 Hormius Janzen09 — Costa Rica: A. C. Guanacaste — HQ549093 Hormius Janzen08 — Costa Rica: A. C. Guanacaste — HQ548789 Hormius Janzen04 — Costa Rica: A. C. Guanacaste — HQ549032 Hormius Janzen02 — Costa Rica: A. C. Guanacaste — HQ548710 Hormius Janzen10 — Costa Rica: A. C. Guanacaste — HQ548755 Hormius Janzen01 — Costa Rica: A. C. Guanacaste — HQ549024 Hormius sp.1 AL0161? Malaysia AY935455 AY935385 Hormius sp.2 PNG00680177 PNG: Madang, Wanang — FN662432 Hormius sp.3 PNG00405874 PNG: East Sepik — FN662431 Hormius sp.4 CNIN954 Mexico: Chamela — KX058580 Hormius sp.5 BF00473 Hungary — KX058581 Hormius sp.6 BJS2011 — JF979798 | 932 — Hormius sp.7 JM582 Madagascar: Mahajanga Prov. AY935455 AY935385 Parahormius JM576 Cameroun: Mt. Coupe AY935456 AY935386 Lysiterminae Acanthormius sp.1 JM692 Madagascar AJ302883 AY935381 Acanthormius sp.2 BCLDQ00238 Thailand: Khao Yai N.P. — KM067236 Acanthormius sp.3 QL2013?China — KF385867 Atritermus pedestris NHM675950 Madagascar: Mahajanga, Baie de Bali N.P. DQ414401 — Aulosaphes ? DQBKK0001 Thailand — KX058582 Aulosaphoides — Thailand KX058606 — Carinitermus NHM671037 Madagascar DQ414402 — Katytermus Hym-08 Japan: Honshu, Kobe, Rokko Mts EU854406 EU979624 Lysitermus sp.1 AL0220 Uganda: Western Prov., Kibale KM067238 — Lysitermus sp.2 BF000511 Nigeria: Ibadan KM067177 JF963503 Lysitermus sp.3 AAP0959 Mexico — HQ201061

Accession

The new genus is morphologically similar to Rhysipolis Haliday , but differs in the form of the second subdiscal (brachial) cell (widened medially or posteriorly), vein 1cu-a (nervulus) anterfurcal and vein 2CUb (parallel) arising distinctly before middle of distal margin of second subdiscal (brachial) cell.

Type species. Clinocentrus antefurcalis Granger, 1949 .

Description. Head transverse ( Figs 17 , 28 ). Vertex smooth. Ocelli enlarged, arranged in triangle with base weakly larger than its sides or in almost equilateral triangle ( Figs 17 , 28 ). Occipital carina distinct, complete dorsally and ventrally, ventrally not joining with hypostomal carina and reaching lower margin of head capsule near mandible separate from hypostomal carina. Eyes glabrous, distinctly and widely emarginated opposite antennal sockets. Face convex, without pointed tooth between antennal sockets, without carina between antennal socket and eye ( Figs 4 , 18 ). Clypeal suture entirely distinct. Hypoclypeal depression mediumsized and subrounded. Malar suture absent. Mandible short, thick basally and strongly narrowed apically. Maxillary palp 6-segmented; labial palp 4-segmented, second labial segment thickened, third segment long. Scape without spine, its dorsal margin weakly longer than ventral margin (lateral view). First flagellomere approximately as long as second flagellomere or weakly longer. Apical flagellomere pointed distally and with distinct apical spine ( Figs 2 , 14 ).

Mesosoma ( Figs 5, 6 , 19 , 30 ). Pronotum without pronope, its anterior flange wide. Propleuron with large posterodorsal flange. Notauli complete, deep anteriorly and shallow posteriorly. Mesoscutum mostly smooth, distinctly roundly elevated above pronotum. Scuto-scutellar suture distinct medially and fine or very fine laterally. Scutellar sulcus (prescutellar depression) deep and long, with high median carina; submedial carinae variable. Scutellum convex, without lateral carinae and subposterior depression. Metanotum long, with distinct dorsomedian carina. Epicnemial (prepectal) carina distinct and complete. Precoxal sulcus (sternaulus) long, narrow, weakly sinuate, more or less distinctly separated from median coxa. Metapleural flange short and wide, rounded apically. Propodeum with areas delineated by distinct carinae ( Figs 20 , 24 ).

Wings ( Figs 9 , 23 ). Vein r-rs (radial) arising from or almost from middle of pterostigma. Parastigma long and distinctly separated from pterostigma. Marginal (radial) cell not shortened. Second submarginal (second radiomedial) cell long and narrowed towards apex. Vein m-cu (recurrent) distinctly antefurcal. Veins 1-M (basal) and m-cu (recurrent) weakly divergent posteriorly or subparallel. Vein 1cu-a (nervulus) distinctly antefurcal. First discal (discoidal) cell wide, petiolate anteriorly. First subdiscal (brachial) cell long, wide, weakly swollen, sometimes weakly widened towards apex ( Figs 12 , 31 ). Vein M+CU (medio-cubital) entirely straight. Vein CU1a (parallel) vein arising weakly before or almost from middle of distal margin of first subdiscal (brachial) cell. Vein CU1b (brachial) distinctly oblique towards base of wing. In hind wing, Vein M+CU (first abscissa of medio-cubital) 0.7–0.8 times as long as vein 1M (second abscissa of medio-cubital). Vein m-cu (recurrent) present, but short or very short.

Legs. All femora narrow ( Figs 8 , 32 ). Hind coxa long and narrow, longer than propodeum ( Fig. 24 ). Tarsal segments long and rather slender. Hind tibial spurs subequal, straight and entirely setose. Claws simple, short, distinctly curved apically.

Metasoma ( Figs 11, 12 , 25 , 32 ). First tergite distinctly and linearly widened towards apex, with large dorsope, with distinctly convergent but not fused and not complete basal carinae ( Figs 20 , 24 ). Tergites behind first one weakly sclerotized, smooth or shagreened. Second suture very shallow, narrow, almost straight. Second tergites with separated laterotergites. Fourthseventh tergites distinctly exposed behind third tergite. Ovipositor ( Figs 1 , 11 ) straight, rather long, more or less thickened subapically, with distinct dorsal notch.

Key to species of Troporhysipolis gen. nov.

1. Antenna with more than 37 flagellomeres; prescutellar depression with median and two or more lateral carinae ( Fig. 7 ); fore wing vein cu-a (nervulus) antefurcal by approximately 0.2–0.5 of distance between veins 1-M (basal) and cu-a (nervulus) ( Fig. 10 ); propodeum, first tergite entirely and at least second tergite laterally more or less distinctly but always darker than rest of body ( Figs 1, 6, 7 , 12 ). [Afrotropical]................. T. antefurcalis (Granger) –. Antenna with fewer than 37 flagellomeres; prescutellar depression with only median carina ( Figs 19 , 29 ); fore wing vein cu-a (nervulus) antefurcal by approximately 0.9–1.2 of distance between veins 1-M (basal) and cu-a (nervulus) ( Figs 13 , 23 , 31 ); propodeum and first-third tergites unicolorous with remainder of body ( Figs 14 , 24–26 ) [ Papua New Guinea].................................... 2

2. Wings infumate with dark brown venation ( Fig. 23 ); notauli uniting well before scutellar sulcus forming a single mid-longitudinal groove ( Fig. 22 ); median area of metanotum large, without mid-longitudinal carina; propodeum with mid-longitudinal carina present on anterior 0.7 and posteriorly dividing to give rise to a narrow lozenge-shaped areola ( Fig. 24 ); fore wing vein m-cu (recurrent) not especially thickened, more or less straight ( Fig. 23 ); hind tarsus black ( Fig. 21 )........ T. markshawi sp. nov.

–. Wings hyaline with pale brownish yellow venation ( Figs 13 , 26 ); notauli remaining separate to posterior of mesoscutum where they are separated by a mid-longitudinal groove and coarse sculpture ( Figs 19 , 29 ); median area of metanotum small, with weak but distinct mid-longitudinal ridge or carina ( Fig. 29 ); propodeum with mid-longitudinal carina present on anterior 0.3–0.5 and posteriorly dividing to give wider, more angularly shaped areola ( Figs 20 , 29 ); fore wing vein m-cu (recurrent) distinctly thickened and curved ( Figs 13 , 31 ); hind tarsus yellow ( Figs 26, 27 )............................. 3

3. Frons with a distinct though weak mid-longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 28 ) [see also barcode characters in Table 2 ]................ T. molecularis sp. nov.

–. Frons essentially flat, without any mid-longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 17 )...... T. brenthiaphagus sp. nov.

Figures

Figures 13–20. Troporhysipolis brenthiaphagus sp. nov. (13) Habitus, dorsal view; (14) Apex of antenna; (15) Base of antenna; (16) Head and anterior of mesosoma, oblique view showing separation of occipital and hypostomal carinae; (17) Head dorsal view; (18) Head subfrontal view; (19) Mesosoma dorsal view; (20) Propodeum and first metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Figures 26–29. Troporhysipolis molecularis sp. nov. (26) Habitus, dorsal view; (27) Habitus, lateral view; (28) Head, dorsal view; (29) Mesosoma, dorsal view.

Figures 1 – 7. Troporhysipolis antefurcalis (Granger). (1) Habitus, lateral view; (2) Apex of antenna; (3) Head and pronotum, lateral view;

Figures 30 – 32. Troporhysipolis molecularis sp. nov. (30) Mesosoma, lateral view; (31) Fore wing second subdiscal (brachial) cell;

Figures 21–25. Troporhysipolis markshawi sp. nov. (21) Habitus; (22) Top of head and anterior mesosoma; (23) Wings; (24) Propodeum and first metasomal tergite; (25) Metasoma, dorsal view.

Figures 8–12. Troporhysipolis antefurcalis (Granger). (8) Hind leg; (9) Wings; (10) Fore wing second subdiscal (brachial) cell; (11) Metasoma, lateral view; (12) Metasoma, dorsal view.