Oxyopes macilentus Koch, 1878

Lo, Ying-Yuan, Cheng, Ren-Chung & Lin, Chung-Ping, 2021, Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of Oxyopes (Araneae: Oxyopidae) of Taiwan, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4927 (1), pp. 58-86 : 70-72

Oxyopes macilentus Koch, 1878

Figs 6 , 12 a–b

Oxyopes macilentus L. Koch, 1878a: 1000 , pl. 87, figs 4–5; Song 1991: 173, fig. 5; Song et al., 1993: 876, fig. 45; Hu 2001: 223, figs 119.1–2; Ono & Ban 2009: 250, figs 9–11; Baehr et al. 2017: 23 , figs 10, 21. (Lectotype: 1 female, designated by Baehr et al. 2017, from Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia, ZMH, not examined).

Material examined. All specimens were collected from Taiwan.

1 female (TESRI Ar 1298), 30 Mar. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Jinlun Forest Road, Taitung County (22°31′57.7′′N, 120°56′33.0′′E; 70 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI Ar 1566/2774) and 4 males (TESRI Ar 1765/2775–2777), 17 Mar. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Daduhua, Hualian County (23°33′16.1′′N, 121°24′11.1′′E; 210 m elevation); 1 fe-male (TESRI Ar 1890) and 1 male (TESRI Ar 1889), 30 Aug. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Baibaoxi, Hualian Coun-ty (23°53′18.0′′N, 121°30′11.2′′E; 100 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 1571) and 1 male (TESRI Ar 1572), 18 Mar. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Qimei Village , Hualien County (23°29′41.8′′N, 121°26′27.8′′E; 70 m elevation) ; 2 females and 1 male (TESRI Ar 1364–1366), 20 Jul. 2015, Ying-Yuan Lo Leg., Shikong Historical Trail , Yilan County (24°52′56.5′′N, 121°50′37.8′′E; 20 m elevation) ; 2 males (TESRI Ar 1603/1652), 31 Mar. 2016, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , 4 females (TESRI Ar 2089–2092), 10 Aug. 2016, Chung-Sheng Huang leg. , Jiufenershan , Nantou County (23°57′37.9′′N, 120°50′59.2′′E; 730 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 0524), 26 Apr. 2013, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Jiji , Nantou County (23°49′38.9′′N, 120°48′04.0′′E; 250 m elevation) ; 1 male (TESRI Ar 0517), 07 Jun. 2013, Eu-gene Tsao leg. , Laofoshan , Pingtung County (22°02′21.6′′N, 120°47′27.8′′E; 640 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI C02175), 4 Nov. 2017, Guo-Yuan Wu leg. , 1 male (TESRI Ar 2762), 8 Jun. 2018, Guo-Yuan Wu leg. , 1 female (TESRI CS041), 4 Aug. 2018, Guo-Yuan Wu leg., Shoushan National Nature Park , Kaohsiung City (22°39′19.1′′N, 120°16′09.0′′E, 75 m elevation) ; 2 females (TESRI Ar 0802/0813) and 1 male (TESRI Ar 0770), 22–23 Apr. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , 2 females (TESRI Ar 0893/0896) and 1 male (TESRI Ar 0895), 25–26 Jun. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , 7 females (TESRI Ar 1051–1052/1126/1107–1108/1118–1119), 20–22 Oct. 2014, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Qi-pan Village , Yunlin County (23°40′49.9′′N, 120°36′49.4′′E; 140 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI A05058 ), 29 May. 2015, Da-Ching Chang leg. , Changxing Road , New Taipei City (24°56′23.4′′N, 121°33′15.1′′E, 130 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 2771), 31 Mar. 2018, Ying-Yuan Lo leg. , Pinglin Tea Garden , New Taipei City (24°55′51.5′′N, 121°42′20.1′′E, 200 m elevation) ; 1 male (TESRI Ar 2748), 19 Sep. 2016, Kuang-Ping Yu leg. , National Taiwan University , Taipei City (25°01′03.4′′N, 121°32′23.3′′E, 15 m elevation) ; 1 female (TESRI Ar 2759) and 1 male (TESRI Ar 2758), 27 Jun. 2018, Yi-Lun Lin leg. , Orchid Island , Taitung County (22°01′44.7′′N, 121°34′43.3′′E; 18 m elevation) .

Diagnosis. Oxyopes macilentus is similar to O. striagatus in body shape and coloration, as well as genital mor-phology. However, it can be distinguished from the latter species by the following characters: (1) the distal median protrusion of epigyne is acuminate (columnar in O. striagatus ); (2) the base of male cymbium is laterally extended (without lateral extension in O. striagatus ).

Description. Female (TESRI CS041). Total length 6.5; carapace length 2.5, width 2.0; abdomen length 4.0, width 1.5. Carapace yellowish-green, pear-shaped, with two brown central lines from PME extending to posterior margin, pair of bands on submargin. Fovea longitudinal. Clypeus high, with two black stripes from AME margin to front of each chelicera. Eye diameters and inter-distances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.20, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16, eye sizes ALE> PME = PLE> AME; MOA-L 0.78, MOA-AW 0.34, MOA-PW 0.52; AME-I 0.16, PME-I 0.22, AML-I 0.04, PML-I 0.24; clypeus height 0.48. Chelicerae downward with two promarginal teeth, first larger than second, one retromarginal tooth. Endite and labium longer than wide. Sternum yellowish with irregular flecks on margin and several hairs. Abdomen fusiform, yellowish-green. Cardiac mark reddish-brown with black lines on each lateral margin. Lateral abdomen pale white with two parallel black stripes. In ventral view, broad dark longitudinal band extending from epigastric furrow to spinnerets. Legs clothed with many conspicuous long spines, distinct black stripes on venter of femur I–III and dorsum of tibia I–III. Three claws. Pedipalps bear apical claw. Measurements of pedipalps and legs: pedipalp 2.9 (0.9, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0), leg I 12.2 (3.3, 0.8, 3.4, 3., 1.3), leg II 11.2 (3.1, 0.8, 3.0, 3.2, 1.1), leg III 9.3 (2.7, 0.8, 2.3, 2.6, 0.9), leg IV 10.9 (3.1, 0.8, 2.7, 3.3, 1.0). Leg formula: I> II ≒ IV> III. Epi-gyne sclerotized on posterior edge with median acuminate-shaped projection. Copulatory ducts thick, curved, with rounded spermathecae on apical side. Fertilization ducts slender, elongate, with hook-like terminals.

Male (TESRI Ar2762). Body shape and coloration are similar to that of female, but markings more variegated and abdomen thinner. Total length 5.5; carapace length 2.3, width 1.9; abdomen length 3.2, width 1.1. Eye diameters and inter-distances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.20, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16, eye sizes ALE> PME = PLE> AME; MOA-L 0.70, MOA-AW 0.30, MOA-PW 0.46; AME-I 0.12, PME-I 0.18, AML-I 0.04, PML-I 0.20; clypeus height 0.40. Measurements of pedipalps and legs: pedipalp 3.1 (1.0, 0.3, 0.4, 1.4), leg I 12.4 (3.1, 0.7, 3.4, 3.7, 1.5), leg II 11.4 (3.0, 0.8, 3.0, 3.4, 1.2), leg III 9.3 (2.6, 0.8, 2.2, 2.8, 0.9), leg IV 11.1 (3.0, 0.8, 2.7, 3.6, 1.0). Leg formula: I> II ≒ IV> III. Palp tibia with two retrolateral apophyses: ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis longitudinal, dorsal ret-rolateral tibial apophysis oblique. In ventral view, two apophyses connect with each other and form an arc shape. Cymbium with a basal extension on retrolateral side.

Size Variation. Three female and three male specimens were measured to quantify the morphological variation. Values are mean ± SD of females (with the male in parentheses). Total length 6.1 ± 0.4 (5.5 ± 0.5); cephalothorax length 2.5 ± 0.1 (2.4 ± 0.1), width 1.9 ± 0.1 (1.8 ± 0.1); abdomen length 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.2 ± 0.2), width 1.4 ± 0.1 (1.2 ± 0.1). Diameters of AME 0.11 ± 0.01 (0.10 ± 0.00), ALE 0.21 ± 0.01 (0.19 ± 0.01), PME 0.17 ± 0.01 (0.15 ± 0.01), PLE 0.17 ± 0.01 (0.15 ± 0.01). MOA-L 0.79 ± 0.04 (0.73 ± 0.06), MOA-AW 0.34 ± 0.00 (0.30 ± 0.02), MOA-PW 0.52 ± 0.00 (0.47 ± 0.03); AME-I 0.15 ± 0.01 (0.13 ± 0.01), PME-I 0.22 ± 0.00 (0.18 ± 0.02), AML-I 0.05 ± 0.01 (0.05 ± 0.01), PML-I 0.25 ± 0.01 (0.21 ± 0.02). Clypeus height 0.46 ± 0.02 (0.41 ± 0.05). Pedipalp 3.1 ± 0.3 (3.0 ± 0.1), leg I 12.3 ± 0.6 (12.0 ± 0.8), leg II 11.2 ± 0.6 (11.2 ± 0.3), leg III 9.2 ± 0.6 (9.2 ± 0.1), leg IV 10.9 ± 0.8 (11.0 ± 0.1).

Distribution. Japan, China, Taiwan to Australia ( Hu 1984; Ono & Ban 2009; Baehr et al. 2017).

Remark. Baehr et al. (2017) re-examined the syntypes of O. macilentus deignsted by Koch (1878a) and des-ignated a lectotype. The description and illustration of O. macilentus in this report is helpful for clarifying the spe-cies from Taiwan because a few earlier illustrations and descriptions were ambiguous ( Lee 1964) and could lead to confusion. Chu & Okuma (1970) surveyed spiders in paddy fields and first recorded O. macilentus from Taiwan. However, no illustrations nor descriptions were provided in this report. We examined the morphology of both male and female specimens of O. macilentus recently collected from Taiwan, and found that these specimens are consis-tent with the photographs and description in Baehr et al. (2017).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Oxyopes macilentus L. Koch, 1878. (a–b) Epigyne (TESRI CS041): (a) ventral; (b) dorsal. (c–e) Palp (TESRI Ar2762): (c) prolateral; (d) ventral; (e) retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 12. Habitus of Oxyopes macilentus L. Koch, 1878, O sertatus L. Koch, 1878, and O. striagatus Song, 1991. (a) O. macilentus, female; (b) O. macilentus, male; (c) O. sertatus, female; (d) O. sertatus, male; and (e) O. striagatus, female.