Heliocarpus americanus L., 1753

Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part H), Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, pp. 557-585 : 565

Heliocarpus americanus Linnaeus , Species Plantarum 1: 448. 1753 .

"Habitat in America meridionali." RCN: 3477.

Lectotype (Stearn, Introd. Linnaeus’ Sp. Pl. (Ray Soc. ed.): 128. 1957): Herb. Clifford: 211, Heliocarpus 1 (BM-000628765) .

Generitype of Heliocarpus Linnaeus.

Current name: Heliocarpus americanus L. ( Tiliaceae ).

Note: Rose (in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 5: 125. 1897) stated that the name was "based upon" Linnaeus’ Hort. Cliff.: t. 16 (1738), and Baker (in J. Bot. 36: 131. 1898) noted the existence of Clifford material at BM. Watson (in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 10. 1923), however, designated a neotype from Venezuela. Sprague (in J. Bot. 61: 255. 1923) disagreed, but also argued that the plant in Clifford’s herbarium could not serve as the type. Ko Ko Lay (in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 36: 528. 1940) indicated that the type was in BM (but gave no indication of what it might be). None of the preceding statements are accepted as valid typifications. Stearn (Introd. Linnaeus’ Sp. Pl. (Ray Soc. ed.): 47. 1957) included Clifford’s t. 16 in a list of the figures to be treated as the types of Linnaean binomials but later (p. 128) in the same publication, he clearly treated the Clifford specimen as the type. The latter has been followed by others (e.g. McVaugh, Fl. Novo-Galiciana 3: 77. 2001), and is accepted here.