Anarchonirmus Gustafsson & Bush, 2017

Bush, Sarah E., 2017, Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key, Zootaxa 4313 (1), pp. 1-443 : 78-79

Anarchonirmus Gustafsson & Bush , new genus

Type species. Anarchonirmus albovittatus new species

Diagnosis. Anarchonirmus n. gen. does not appear to be very close to any of the previously treated genera. The male genitalia are most similar to those of Brueelia s. str. ( Figs 45–47 ). Like in Brueelia s. str. ( Fig. 48 ), the female subgenital plate of Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 121 ) flares into a cross-piece; however in Anarchonirmus the cross-piece is medianly displaced. as3 and pns are absent in both Brueelia s. str. ( Fig. 44 ) and Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 116 ). However, unlike in Brueelia s. str. ( Fig. 44 ), the antennae are sexually dimorphic in Anarchonirmus ( Figs 116– 117 ), and whereas in Brueelia s. str. ( Figs 42–43 ) the tergopleurites in are rectangular and reach the lateral margins of the abdomen, the tergopleurites of Anarchonirmus ( Figs 114–115 ) are much reduced and no not reach the lateral margins of the abdomen. Brueelia s. str. lacks aps and psps on more anterior segments ( Figs 42–43 ), but these are present in Anarchonirmus ( Figs 114–115 ; see also Tables 2–3).

The structure and chaetotaxy of the head of Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 116 ) is similar to that of Sychraella n. gen. ( Fig. 108 ) and Teinomordeus n. gen. ( Fig. 77 ). In all three genera the antennae are sexually dimorphic; however, the dimorphism is more extreme in Anarchonirmus ( Figs 116–117 ) than in either of the other two genera ( Figs 77– 78 , 108–109 ). In Sychraella ( Figs 106–107 ) and in Anarchonirmus ( Figs 114–115 ) the ads is sexually dimorphic, and in both these genera the sternal plates and subgenital plates of both sexes have deeply concave lateral margins ( Figs 106–107 , 114–115 ). However, while male Sychraella ( Fig. 106 ) have no setae on tergopleurites II–III, male Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 114 ) have both aps , psps, tps , and ss on these segments. Female Sychraella have no setae apart from ps on tergopleurites II–VII ( Fig. 107 ), yet both psps and ss are present on these segments in Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 115 ).

Description. Both sexes. Head indented-dome shaped ( Fig. 116 ). Marginal carina uninterrupted; displaced dorsally and posteriorly at osculum. Clypeo-labral suture does not reach the anterior margin of the head. Ventral carinae fused to short but broad ventral anterior plate continuous with marginal carina. Broad median fingers of ventral carinae protrude into clypeo-labral suture. Dorsal preantennal suture absent. Head setae as in Fig. 116 ; ads sexually dimorphic; as3 and pns absent; vsms2 on lateral margins of ventral anterior plate; s1–2 and pts not visible in the material examined; s3–4 mesosetae. Coni short and broad, obscured almost entirely by lateral protrusions of the head in male. Antennae sexually dimorphic; male scapes ( Fig. 116 ) swollen, longer than female scapes ( Fig. 117 ). Temporal carinae not visible; mts 3 only temporal macrosetae. Gular plate slender, pentagonal.

Prothorax ( Figs 114–115 ) rectangular; ppss on postero-lateral corner. Proepimera slender; median ends blunt. Pterothorax pentagonal; lateral margins divergent; posterior margin convergent to median point; mms moderately separated medianly. Meso- and metasterna not fused; 1 seta on postero-lateral corner of each side of each plate. Metepisterna moderate; median ends blunt. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25 , except fI-v4, fI-p2–4, fII-v2, fIII-v2 absent; cI-d1, cI-v3, tII-d1 not visible in the material examined; cIII-v2–3 of about equal length.

Abdomen ( Figs 114–115 ) oval. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2. Tergopleurites hook-shaped, encircling spiracle openings; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in female widely separated medianly; tergopleurite IX+X in female continuous with lateral section of tergopleurite XI. Sternal plates with concave lateral margins; only anterior and posterior margin pigmented in female. Antero-lateral corners of tergopleurites thickened, but plates do not reach lateral margins of abdomen. Abdominal setae generally thick. Male subgenital plate of irregular shape, reaching posterior margin of abdomen. Female subgenital plate roughly triangular; anterior margin pigmented; distally reaches vulval margin where it flares; postero-lateral margins thickened. Vulval margin ( Fig. 121 ) with slender vms, thorn-like vss; vos follow lateral margins of subgenital plate.

Basal apodeme ( Fig. 118 ) constricted at mid-length, anterior end pointed. Proximal mesosome trapezoidal. Gonopore ( Fig. 119 ) slight, open distally, associated anteriorly with lateral extensions. Mesosomal lobes elongated, rugose; lateral and distal margins serrated; ames and pmes not visible. Parameral heads ( Fig. 120 ) blunt. Parameral blades elongated, slender; distinct heel at about half length ( Fig. 82 ); pst1 not visible; pst2 microseta, lateral near distal tip of paramere.

Host distribution. Presently known only from the host genus Pomatostomus . We have seen some specimens from P. superciliosus ashbyi Mathews, 1911 , but these are too poorly preserved to compare with the material from P. temporalis strepitans .

Geographical range. New Guinea.

Etymology. The name Anarchonirmus is ultimately derived from Greek “ an- ” for “without” and “archos ” for “leader”. “Anarchy” usually denotes a form of socialist society in which there are no hierarchies or leaders. However “ anarchos ” is here used in the derived meaning of “chaotic, unruly”, referring to the wild mixture of morphological characters that defies close association with any of the other genera in the Brueelia -complex. “ Nirmus ” is a common generic suffix in louse taxonomy, referring to Nitzsch’s (1818) genus of the same name. Gender: masculine.

Remarks. Anarchonirmus was not included in the phylogeny of Bush et al. (2016), and its position within the Brueelia -complex is uncertain.

Included species

* Anarchonirmus albovittatus new species

Figures

FIGURES 25. Dorso-ventral views of coxae I – III, trochanters I – III, and femora I – III, showing terminology of the leg setae used here. Other parts of the thorax removed for clarity. Setae situated marginally are illustrated and named on both dorsal (lefthand) and ventral (right-hand) sides. Terminology for individual seta as used in the text obtained by combining the leg segment (larger font) and the setal name (smaller font). Abbreviations: a 1 – 5, anterior setae 1 – 5; cI – III, coxae I – III; d 1 – 3, dorsal setae 1 – 3; dm 1 – 4, distal marginal setae 1 – 4; fI – III, femur I – III; p 1 – 3, posterior setae 1 – 3; s 1 – 6, sensilla 1 – 6; tI – III, trochanter I – III; v 1 – 4, ventral setae 1 – 4.

FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views.

FIGURES 116 – 121. Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans: 116, male head, dorsal and ventral view; dorsal sensilla and pts not visible in the material examined. 117, female antenna, ventral view. 118, male genitalia, dorsal view. 119, male mesosome, ventral view. 120, male paramere, dorsal view. 121, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view (anterior dotted line outline pigmented part of subgenital plate, posterior dotted line extent of marginal thickening).

FIGURES 42 – 43. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulus: 42, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 43, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 114 – 115. Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans: 114, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 115, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. (dotted lines on sternites outline densely pigmented areas).

FIGURES 108 – 113. Sychraella sinsutura n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus isidorei isidorei: 108, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 109, female antenna, ventral view. 110, male genitalia, dorsal view. 111, male mesosome, ventral view. 112, male paramere, dorsal view. 113, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 77 – 82. Teinomordeus entelosetus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Eurocephalus rueppelli: 77, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 78, female antennae, ventral view. 79, male genitalia, dorsal view. 80, male mesosome, ventral view. 81, male paramere, dorsal view. 82, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 106 – 107. Sychraella sinsutura n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus isidorei isidorei: 106 male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 107 female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.