Saepocephalum Gustafsson & Bush, 2017

Bush, Sarah E., 2017, Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key, Zootaxa 4313 (1), pp. 1-443 : 150-151

Saepocephalum Gustafsson & Bush , new genus

Type species. Saepocephalum stephenfryi new species

Diagnosis. Saepocephalum n. gen. does not appear to be morphologically close to any other genus treated here. The fused ventral anterior plate, undisplaced marginal carina ( Fig. 240 ), and clypeo-labral suture that does not reach the anterior margin of the head is shared by only two other genera in the Brueelia -complex: Harpactrox n. gen. ( Figs 248 , 255, 260) and Anarchonirmus n. gen. ( Fig. 116 ). Other than these characters, neither of these genera appear to be close to Saepocephalum .

Both Anarchonirmus ( Figs 116–117 ) and Saepocephalum n. gen ( Figs 240–241 ) have sexually dimorphic antennae, and as3 is absent in both genera ( Figs 116 , 240 ). Both genera also lack dorsal preantennal sutures, apart from the isolated suture around the ads in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 240 ). In both Anarchonirmus ( Figs 114–115 ) and Saepocephalum ( Figs 238–239 ) the tergopleurites do not reach the lateral margins of the abdomen. However, abdominal chaetotaxy is very different in these two genera ( Table 2), and the modifications of the male flagellomeres seen in Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 116 ) are not seen in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 240 ). In both genera there is sclerotization of the vulval margin, but in Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 121 ) this cross-piece medianly displaced, but complete, whereas in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 245 ) these sclerotized plates are laterally detached. The proximal mesosome of Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 118 ) does not overlap with the basal apodeme, and is not thickened anteriorly; in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 242 ) the mesosome overlaps with the basal apodeme and is thickened anteriorly. Gonopore is terminal in Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 119 ), but ventral in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 243 ), and the mesosomal lobes are fused distally in Saepocephalum , but separate distally in Anarchonirmus . Parameral heads are blunt and simple in Anarchonirmus ( Fig. 120 ), but folded medianly and with complex ornamentations in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 244 ).

Similarities between Saepocephalum and Harpactrox are slightly larger, as in both genera as3 are absent ( Figs 240 , 248 ), parameral heads are folded medianly ( Figs 244 , 251 ), and proximal mesosome overlaps with basal apodeme ( Figs 242 , 249 ). In addition, in both Harpactrox ( Figs 246–247 ) and Saepocephalum ( Fig. 238–239 ) psps are absent on female tergopleurites II–III and male tergopleurite II; these are present in in Anarchonirmus ( Figs 114–115 ). A dorsal preantennal suture is typically present in both Saepocephalum ( Fig. 240 ) and Harpactrox ( Figs 248 , 255, 260), this suture is medianly continuous in Harpactrox , but, when present, isolated around the ads in Saepocephalum . All mts are microsetae in Harpactrox ( Figs 248 , 255, 260), but mts 3 is a macroseta in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 240 ). The subgenital plate does not form a cross-piece in Harpactrox ( Figs 252 , 259, 262), unlike in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 245 ) which has a laterally detached cross-piece. Parameral heads are folded medianly in both genera, but those of Harpactrox ( Figs 251 , 258) are much simpler than those of Saepocephalum ( Fig. 244 ), and the parameral blades are more elongated and angular in Saepocephalum than in Harpactrox . pst1–2 are both sensilla in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 244 ), but pst2 are microsetae in Harpactrox ( Figs 251 , 258). Gonopore is terminal in Harpactrox ( Figs 250 , 257), but ventral in Saepocephalum ( Fig. 243 ). No ames are visible in Saepocephalum ; these are microsetae in Harpactrox ( Figs 250 , 257).

Description. Both sexes. Head broad, convex-dome shaped ( Fig. 240 ). Marginal carina uninterrupted. Clypeolabral suture does not reach anterior margin of head. Dorsal preantennal suture present only around apertures of ads in some specimens. Ventral carinae diffuse anterior to pulvinus and not clearly continuous with marginal carina. Ventral anterior plate present, continuous with marginal carina. Head setae as in Fig. 240 ; as3 absent. Coni small. Antennae sexually dimorphic, with male scapes ( Fig. 240 ) about twice the length of that of female ( Fig. 241 ), and slightly swollen. Temporal carinae not visible; mts 3 only macrosetae. Gular plate spade-shaped.

Prothorax small, rectangular ( Figs 238–239 ); ppss on postero-lateral corner. Proepimera slender, hook-shaped, curling around coxae II. Pterothorax trapezoidal to pentagonal; lateral margins divergent; posterior margin either roughly flat or vaguely convergent to median point. Meso- and metasterna not fused; setae only on postero-lateral corners of mesosternum; metasternum nude. Metepisterna broad, median ends blunt. mms moderately interrupted medianly. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25 , except fI-p2, fII-v2, fIII-v2 absent; fI-v4 absent in males, but present, spikelike in females.

Abdomen ( Figs 238–239 ) oblong in female, more oval in male. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2 and Figs 238–239 . Tergopleurites rectangular; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in female narrowly separated medianly. Tergopleurites do not reach lateral margins of abdomen. Sternal plates rectangular, not approaching lateral margins of abdomen. Pleural incrassations of segments II–VIII in both sexes as latitudinal thickenings on antero-lateral margin of tergopleurites. Male subgenital plate roughly triangular, with sinuous lateral margin, reaching posterior margin of abdomen. Female subgenital plate roughly pentagonal, distal lateral margins concave. Lateral marginal plates present, detached from subgenital plate ( Fig. 245 ). Vulval margin ( Fig. 245 ) with slender vms, thorn-like vss; vos follow lateral margins of subgenital plate; distal vos median to vss.

Male genitalia ( Figs 242–244 ) distinct. Basal apodeme roughly rectangular, anterior margin diffuse, flaring. Proximal mesosome slender, elongated, overlapping with basal apodeme, and with proximal margin thickened. Gonopore ( Fig. 243 ) ventral, open distally, continuous with subparallel ventral ridges. Mesosomal lobes rounded, fused distal to gonopore; 2 pmes microsetae visible on lateral margin of lobes on either side. Parameral heads ( Fig. 244 ) folded, rectangular, with serrated posterior margins and several ridges on dorsal side. Parameral blades slender and elongated; pst1–2 sensilla, central, near distal tip of paramere.

Host distribution. Saepocephalum is monotypic, restricted to Corcorax melanoramphos (Vieillot, 1817) . No lice of the Brueelia -complex are known from the only other species in the family Corcoracidae : Struthidea cinerea Gould, 1837 .

Geographical range. Australia.

Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Latin “ saepes ” for “fence”, and Greek “ kefali ”, meaning “head”. This refers to the dorsally and ventrally complete marginal carina ( Fig. 240 ), a condition that is rare within the Brueelia -complex. Gender: neuter.

Remarks. In the phylogeny of Bush et al. (2016), Saepocephalum was placed inside a clade containing Traihoriella and Bizarrifrons , neither of which resembles Saepocephalum morphologically. The support values for all deeper association in this clade were low, and the association of Saepocephalum with Traihoriella and Bizarrifrons is not supported.

Included species

* Saepocephalum stephenfryi new species

Figures

FIGURES 25. Dorso-ventral views of coxae I – III, trochanters I – III, and femora I – III, showing terminology of the leg setae used here. Other parts of the thorax removed for clarity. Setae situated marginally are illustrated and named on both dorsal (lefthand) and ventral (right-hand) sides. Terminology for individual seta as used in the text obtained by combining the leg segment (larger font) and the setal name (smaller font). Abbreviations: a 1 – 5, anterior setae 1 – 5; cI – III, coxae I – III; d 1 – 3, dorsal setae 1 – 3; dm 1 – 4, distal marginal setae 1 – 4; fI – III, femur I – III; p 1 – 3, posterior setae 1 – 3; s 1 – 6, sensilla 1 – 6; tI – III, trochanter I – III; v 1 – 4, ventral setae 1 – 4.

FIGURES 240 – 245. Saepocephalum stephenfryi n. gen. & n. sp. ex Corcorax melanoramphos: 240, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 241, female antenna, ventral view. 242, male genitalia, dorsal view. 243, male mesosome, ventral view. 244, male paramere, dorsal view. 245, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 248 – 252. Harpactrox loeiensis n. gen. & n. sp. ex Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis: 248, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 249, male genitalia, dorsal view. 250, male mesosome, ventral view. 251, male paramere, dorsal view. 252, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 116 – 121. Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans: 116, male head, dorsal and ventral view; dorsal sensilla and pts not visible in the material examined. 117, female antenna, ventral view. 118, male genitalia, dorsal view. 119, male mesosome, ventral view. 120, male paramere, dorsal view. 121, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view (anterior dotted line outline pigmented part of subgenital plate, posterior dotted line extent of marginal thickening).

FIGURES 114 – 115. Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans: 114, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 115, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. (dotted lines on sternites outline densely pigmented areas).

FIGURES 238 – 239. Saepocephalum stephenfryi n. gen. & n. sp. ex Corcorax melanoramphos: 238, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 239, female body, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 246 – 247. Harpactrox loeiensis n. gen. & n. sp. ex Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis: 246, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; only examined male with distorted abdomen, and shape of abdomen here reproduced as closely as possible; anterior sternites and some ventral setae missing in only available male specimen, and here included tentatively. 247, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.