Indoceoplanetes Gustafsson & Bush, 2017

Bush, Sarah E., 2017, Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key, Zootaxa 4313 (1), pp. 1-443 : 137-139

Indoceoplanetes Gustafsson & Bush , new genus

Brueelia Kéler, 1936a: 257 (in partim).

Type species. Brueelia indonesiana Eichler, 1947: 8

Diagnosis. The head of Indoceoplanetes n. gen. ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ) is superficially similar to that of Brueelia s. str. ( Fig. 44 ) and Sychraella n. gen. ( Fig. 108 ); these genera all share the uninterrupted marginal carina displaced at osculum that widens into a marginal carinal plate, a narrow hyaline margin, and a similar general head shape. However, these three genera differ in other characteristics. For instance, while as3 and pns are absent in Brueelia s. str. ( Fig. 44 ) and Sychraella n. gen. ( Fig. 108 ), both are present in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ), and the abdominal chaetotaxy of the three genera are very dissimilar ( Table 2). The female subgenital plate of Brueelia s. str. ( Fig. 48 ) reaches the vulval margin and flares into a cross-piece, but this is not the case in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 223 , 230 , 237 ). The female subgenital plate does not reach the vulval margin in Sychraella either ( Fig. 113 ), but in this genus there is a detached laterally submarginal cross-piece that is absent in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 223 , 230 , 237 ).

Despite these similarities, genetic (Bush et al. 2016) and morphological evidence places Indoceoplanetes closer to Maculinirmus , Turdinirmus , and Titanomessor n. gen. These four genera share the following characters: aps absent in both sexes; antennae monomorphic; fII-v2 and fIII-v2 present; female subgenital plate does not flare into cross-piece; mesosomes with pronounced mesosomal lobes and gonopores that are open both distally and proximally; as3 present.

Indoceoplanetes can be separated from Maculinirmus by the following characters: pns mesosetae in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ), but microsetae in Maculinirmus ( Fig. 198 ); parameral heads folded into Ushaped in Maculinirmus ( Fig. 201 ) but blunt in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 222 , 229 , 236 ); abdominal segment II with multiple sts on each side in both sexes of Maculinirmus ( Figs 196–197 ), but with only one seta on each side in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 217–218 , 224–225 , 231–232 ).

Indoceoplanetes can be separated from Turdinirmus by the following characters: temples rounded in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ), but angular in Turdinirmus ( Figs 184 , 191 ); pns mesosetae in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ), but microsetae in Turdinirmus ( Figs 184 , 191 ); dorsal preantennal suture, if present, does not extend median to ads in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ), but extends median to ads in Turdinirmus ( Figs 184 , 191 ); parameral heads bifid in Turdinirmus ( Figs 187 , 194 ), but blunt in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 222 , 229 , 236 ).

Indoceoplanetes can be separated from Titanomessor by the following characters: dorsal preantennal suture, if present, not medianly continuous, and dorsal anterior plate continuous posteriorly with main head plate in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ), but medianly continuous and cutting off dorsal anterior plate posteriorly in Titanomessor ( Fig. 212 ); mts 4–5 in male and mts 4 in female mesosetae in Titanomessor ( Fig. 212 ), but microsetae in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ); pos clearly ventral in Titanomessor ( Fig. 212 ), but marginal in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ); parameres of Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 222 , 229 , 236 ) not shaped as those of Titanomessor ( Fig. 215 ); gonopore does not flare proximally in Indoceoplanetes ( Figs 221 , 228 , 235 ) as it does in Titanomessor ( Fig. 214 ).

Description. Both sexes. Head largely translucent, flat- to convex-dome shape ( Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ). Frons may be slightly concave. Marginal and ventral carinae prominent. Marginal carina uninterrupted in Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) ( Fig. 219 ), but interrupted submedianly in In. (Capnodella) ( Figs 226 , 233 ). In both subgenera median section is displaced dorsally and posteriorly at osculum. Dorsal preantennal suture absent in In. ( Indoceoplanetes ) but present in In. (Capnodella), reaching dsms and ads but not medianly continuous, and not interrupting marginal carina laterally. Ventral anterior plate present, crescent-shaped. Ventral carinae may be diffuse anterior to pulvinus, but in In. (Capnodella) loboccupatrix n. sp. clearly continuous with marginal carina. Head setae as in Figs 219 , 226 , 233 ; pns long; s3 absent. Coni small. Antennae monomorphic. Temporal carinae not visible; mts 3 only long setae. Gular plate broadly triangular.

Prothorax rectangular, largely translucent ( Figs 217–218 , 224–224 , 231–232 ); ppss on poster-lateral corner. Proepimera slender, median ends hook-shaped. Pterothorax pentagonal; lateral margins moderately divergent; posterior margin convergent to median point; mms widely interrupted medianly. Meso- and metasterna not fused; 1 seta on postero-lateral corner on each side of each plate. Metepisterna slender, median ends blunt. Metepimera large, rounded, forming node, more median and obvious in In. (Capnodella) than in In. ( Indoceoplanetes ). Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25 , except fI-p2, fI-v4 absent.

Abdomen elongated oval ( Figs 217–218 , 224–224 , 231–232 ). Tergopleurites bluntly rectangular; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in female narrowly divided medianly; tergopleurites IX+X and XI fused in females of In. (Capnodella). Sternal plates medianly continuous, not approaching pleurites. Pleural incrassations slender in In. ( Indoceoplanetes ), but moderate to wide in In. (Capnodella). Re-entrant heads modest [In. ( Indoceoplanetes )] to large [In. (Capnodella)]. Male subgenital plate trapezoidal, reaching terminal end of abdomen. Female subgenital plate ( Figs 223 , 230 , 237 ) roughly pentagonal, approaching vulval margin. Vulval margin ( Figs 223 , 230 , 237 ) with few slender vms, thorn-like vss, typically located lateral to vss; vos follow lateral margins of subgenital plate; distal vos approaching or median to vss.

Basal apodeme ( Figs 220 , 227 , 234 ) roughly rectangular. Proximal mesosome broadly rounded [In. ( Indoceoplanetes )] or small, inconspicuous [In. (Capnodella)]. Gonopore ( Figs 221 , 228 , 235 ) as convergent or subparallel thickenings on distal mesosome, open distally and proximally. Mesosomal lobes wide, overlapping slightly with parameres, rounded; distal margins serrated or papillate in In. ( Indoceoplanetes ); 1–2 ames sensilla ventrally near lateral margin of each mesosomal lobe; 1–2 thorn-like pmes dorsally on each side lateral to gonopore, often hidden below median extension of mesosomal lobes; 2 pmes microsetae [In. ( Indoceoplanetes )] or 2 pmes sensilla [In. (Capnodella)] on each side, lateral to gonopore. Parameral heads ( Figs 222 , 229 , 236 ) indistinct, bluntly rounded. Parameral blades broad, translucent; pst1 sensillus; pst2 microseta, laterally near distal tip.

Host distribution. Members of this genus are limited to the Campephagidae and widely distributed across species of Coracina Vieillot, 1816 and Edolisoma Pucheran, 1853 . In addition, we have identified as Indoceoplanetes material from species of Lobotos Reichenbach, 1850 and Lalage Boie, 1826 . Morphological variation among specimens of Indoceoplanetes from different host species within each subgenus is often small.

Geographical distribution. The distribution of Indoceoplanetes forms an arch around the Indian Ocean, with (described and undescribed) material from both subgenera known from South-West Africa to the Solomon Islands.

Very little material is known from mainland Asia, but we have seen specimens from Nepal and Thailand, and this apparent gap in the known distribution of Indoceoplanetes is likely due to unevenness of sampling.

Etymology. Indoceoplanetes is formed by a contraction of the Indian Ocean, and Greek “ planetoi ” for “ wanderer ”. This is meant to convey that the members of this genus appear to occur all around the Indian Ocean. Gender: feminine.

Included subgenera

Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) n. subgen. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) n. subgen.

Remarks. The two subgenera described here were placed as sister groups in the phylogeny of Bush et al. (2016). Individuals of both subgenera are occasionally found in samples from the same host individual, suggesting that there is likely some degree of niche differentiation. These samples also often contain Guimaraesiella that has a head shape similar to that of In. (Capnodella). These can be separated from In. (Capnodella) by head and abdominal chaetotaxy, male genitalia, and the structure of the preantennal head (see Guimaraesiella).

Included species

* Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) indonesiana ( Eichler, 1947: 8) n. comb. [in Brueelia ] * Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) laurocorythes new species * Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) loboccupatrix new species

Figures

FIGURES 25. Dorso-ventral views of coxae I – III, trochanters I – III, and femora I – III, showing terminology of the leg setae used here. Other parts of the thorax removed for clarity. Setae situated marginally are illustrated and named on both dorsal (lefthand) and ventral (right-hand) sides. Terminology for individual seta as used in the text obtained by combining the leg segment (larger font) and the setal name (smaller font). Abbreviations: a 1 – 5, anterior setae 1 – 5; cI – III, coxae I – III; d 1 – 3, dorsal setae 1 – 3; dm 1 – 4, distal marginal setae 1 – 4; fI – III, femur I – III; p 1 – 3, posterior setae 1 – 3; s 1 – 6, sensilla 1 – 6; tI – III, trochanter I – III; v 1 – 4, ventral setae 1 – 4.

FIGURES 219 – 223. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) indonesiana (Eichler, 1947) n. comb. ex Coracina striata difficilis: 219, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 220, male genitalia, dorsal view. 221, male mesosome, ventral view. 222, male paramere, dorsal view. 223, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 226 – 230. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) laurocorythes n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Edolisoma holopolium holopolium: 226, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 227, male genitalia, dorsal view. 228, male mesosome, ventral view. 229, male paramere, dorsal view. 230, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 233 – 237. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) loboccupatrix n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Lobotos oriolinus: 233, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 234, male genitalia, dorsal view. 235, male mesosome, ventral view. 236, male paramere, dorsal view. 237, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views.

FIGURES 108 – 113. Sychraella sinsutura n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus isidorei isidorei: 108, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 109, female antenna, ventral view. 110, male genitalia, dorsal view. 111, male mesosome, ventral view. 112, male paramere, dorsal view. 113, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 198 – 202. Maculinirmus mundus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Oriolus oriolus oriolus: 198, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 199, male genitalia, dorsal view. 200, male mesosome, ventral view. 201, male paramere, dorsal view. 202, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 196 – 197. Maculinirmus mundus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Oriolus oriolus oriolus: 196, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 197, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 217 – 218. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) indonesiana (Eichler, 1947) n. comb. ex Coracina striata difficilis: 217, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 218, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 224 – 225. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) laurocorythes n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Edolisoma holopolium holopolium: 224, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 225, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 231 – 232. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) loboccupatrix n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Lobotos oriolinus: 231, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 232, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 184 – 188. Turdinirmus merulensis (Denny, 1842) ex Turdus merula: 184, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 185, male genitalia, dorsal view. 186, male mesosome, ventral view. 187, male paramere, dorsal view. 188, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 191 – 195. Turdinirmus australissimus n. sp. ex Zoothera lunulata lunulata: 191, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 192, male genitalia, dorsal view. 193, male mesosome, ventral view. 194, male paramere, dorsal view. 195 female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 212 – 216. Titanomessor sexloba n. gen. & n. sp. ex Laniarius erythrogaster: 212, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 213, male genitalia, dorsal view. 214, mesosome, ventral view. 215, parameres, dorsal view. 216, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Scale for parameres same as for male genitalia.