Brueelia, Bush, 2017

Bush, Sarah E., 2017, Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key, Zootaxa 4313 (1), pp. 1-443 : 329-331

Key to genera and subgenera included in the Brueelia -complex

1. Clypeo-labral suture does not reach frons ( Fig. 116 ); ventral anterior plate, if present, fused to marginal carina ( Fig. 240 )...2

- Clypeo-labral suture reaches frons; ventral anterior plate, if present, separate from marginal carina.....................4

2. Dorsal preantennal suture medianly continuous, separating dorsal anterior plate posteriorly ( Fig. 248 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Fig. 248 ); accessory preantennal nodi present ( Fig. 248 ); tergopleurites reach ventral side ( Figs 246–247 ); no mts macrosetae ( Fig. 248 ), but mts 3 may be mesosetae (Fig. 255); no cross-piece at vulval margin ( Fig. 252 )........ Harpactrox

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Fig. 116 ) or if present limited to site of ads ( Fig. 240 ), dorsal anterior plate not separated; antennae sexually dimorphic ( Figs 116–117 , 240–241 ); no accessory preantennal nodi ( Figs 116 , 240 ); tergopleurites do not reach ventral side ( Figs 114–115 , 238–239 ); mts 3 macrosetae ( Figs 116 , 240 ); cross-piece present ( Figs 121 , 245 )........3

3. Ventral carinae with finger-like median extensions ( Fig. 116 ); male flagellomeres much swollen compared to female flagellomeres ( Figs 116–117 ); tergopleurites much reduced ( Figs 114–115 ); parameral heads without median folds ( Fig. 120 ); distal mesosome densely rugose ( Fig. 119 ); cross-piece medianly displaced but lateral sections not separate from subgenital plate ( Fig. 121 )........................................................................... Anarchonirmus

- Ventral carinae without finger-like median extensions ( Fig. 240 ); male flagellomeres not swollen ( Figs 240–241 ); tergopleurites entire (but do not reach lateral margins of abdomen) ( Figs 238–239 ); parameral heads with median folds ( Fig. 244 ); distal mesosome without rugose area ( Fig. 243 ); female subgenital plate reaches vulval margin medianly but lateral sections separated from subgenital plate ( Fig. 245 ).......................................................... Saepocephalum

4. Hyaline margin extends posteriorly for most of preantennal area ( Figs 494 , 499 ); dorsal postantennal suture present ( Figs 49 4 , 499 ); male genitalia of unique shape ( Figs 495 , 500 )................................................. Meropoecus

- Hyaline margin, if present, does not reach posterior of as1; dorsal post-antennal suture absent; male genitalia not shaped as in Figs 494 , 499.........................................................................................5

5. All mts except mts 3 microsetae...........................................................................6

- At least one mts other than mts 3 modified................................................................. 40

6. ppss absent ( Figs 479–480 ); posterior margin of head with slight bulge median to mts 3 ( Fig. 481 )............ Meropsiella

- ppss present; no such bulge on posterior margin of head.......................................................7

7. ppss medio-posterior ( Figs 463–464 , 470–471 ); posterior margin of pteronotum with median indentation ( Figs 463–464 , 470– 471 ); sternal plate II much different from other sternal plates, modified to wide band almost reaching ventral tergopleurites( Figs 463–464 , 470–471 ); accessory sternal plates on at least abdominal segments IV–VI ( Figs 463–464 , 470–471 ); dorsal anterior plate with posterior “horn” that overlaps with main head plate ( Figs 465 , 472 )................. Schizosairhynchus

- ppss on latero-posterior corner; no median indentation of posterior margin of pteronotum; sternal plate II not modified as above, or if wide ( Fig. 277 ) not different in shape from more posterior sternal plates; no accessory sternal plates on abdominal segments IV–VI; dorsal anterior plate, if present, without such “horn”...........................................8

8. Prentannal area asymmetrical ( Figs 454 , 460 )...............................................................9

- Preantennal area symmetrical...........................................................................10

9. Ventral anterior plate present ( Fig. 477 ); sternal plates present on all abdominal segments ( Fig. 477 ); mesosome longer than wide ( Fig. 478 ).............................................................................. Bizarrifrons

- Ventral anterior plate absent ( Figs 453 , 459 ): sternal plates absent on at least abdominal segments II–III ( Figs 451–452 , 457– 458); mesosome wider than long ( Figs 455 , 461 ).................................................. Manucodicola

10. At least 1 seta apart from ss and ps on each side of tergopleurite II.............................................. 11

- No setae on tergopleurite II, or ss and ps only setae on tergopleurite II...........................................15

11. Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Figs 132 , 140 ); mesosome with wide lateral extensions overlapping with parameres ventrally ( Figs 134–135 , 142–143 )..................................................................... Hecatrishula

- Dorsal preantennal suture present; mesosome without such lateral extensions.....................................12

12. Dorsal preantennal suture completely separates dorsal anterior plate posteriorly ( Figs 379 , 439 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Figs 379 , 439 ); female subgenital plate reaches or approaches vulval margin ( Figs 383 , 440 )....................13

- Dorsal anterior plate continuous with main head plate ( Figs 124 , 340 ); antennae sexually dimorphic ( Figs 124–125 , 340–341 ); female subgenital plate does not approach vulval margin ( Figs 129 , 345 ).........................................14

13. Dorsal preantennal suture with postero-lateral extensions at ads ( Fig. 379 ); pns absent ( Fig. 379 ); dorsal anterior plate with roughly rectangular posterior end ( Fig. 379 ); steal rows present on at least some tergopleurites ( Figs 377–378 ); gonopore terminal ( Fig. 381 )............................................................................. Sturnidoecus

- Dorsal preantennal suture without such extensions ( Fig. 439 ); pns present ( Fig. 439 ); dorsal anterior plate with rounded posterior end ( Fig. 439 ); no setal rows on any tergopleurite ( Figs 437–438 ); gonopore ventral ( Figs 442, 446, 449 )....................................................................................................... Rostrinirmus

14. Accessory sternal setae on at least some abdominal segments in both sexes ( Figs 338–339 , 346–347 ); ventral anterior plate present ( Figs 340 , 348 ); s3 microsetae ( Figs 340 , 348 ); parameral heads not swollen, not bifid, and with median or ventral fold ( Figs 344 , 352–353 ); female subgenital plate triangular, with median indentation of posterior margin ( Figs 345 , 353 )..................................................................................................... Nemuus

- No accessory sternal setae on any abdominal segment ( Figs 122–123 ); ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 124 ); s3 mesosetae ( Fig. 124 ); parameral heads swollen, bifid, but not folded medianly or ventrally ( Fig. 128 ); female subgenital plate oval, without median indentation of posterior margin ( Fig. 129 ).............................................. Osculonirmus

15. Pterothorax with more or less parallel lateral margins ( Figs 168–169 ); at least sternal plate II with antero-lateral thickening ( Figs 168–169 ); male abdominal segment XI extended into triangular tail ( Fig. 168 )........................ Aratricerca

- Pterothorax with lateral margins divergent; no antero-lateral thickening on any sternal plate; male abdominal segment XI not forming triangular tail (but may protrude as in Priceiella sternotypica ( Fig. 277 )..................................16

16. Dorsal preantennal suture diagonal on each side, forming unique pattern (Fig, 509); sclerotized roof of head forming anterior angle ( Fig. 509 )................................................................................ Buerelius

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent or not shaped as in Fig. 509 ; sclerotized head plate not forming anterior angle.........17

17. Female subgenital plate detached from cross-piece..........................................................18

- Female subgenital plate without cross-piece or if with cross-piece this is continuous with subgenital plate..............19

18. Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Fig. 108 ); male with setal rows of tergopleurites IV–VIII ( Fig. 106 ); female without psps on all tergopleurites ( Fig. 107 ); parameres slender, extended distally ( Fig. 112 )............................... Sychraella

- Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Fig. 177 ); male without setal rows on all tergopleurites ( Fig.175 ); female with psps on at least some tergopleurites ( Fig. 176 ); parameres short, not extended distally ( Fig. 180 ).................... Turdinirmoides

19. Dorsal preantennal suture transversally continuous, but not connected to hyaline margin ( Figs 92 , 100 )....... Mirandofures

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent, not transversally continuous, or if transversally continuous also connected to hyaline margin................................................................................................... 20

20. Dorsal preantennal suture absent.........................................................................21

- Dorsal preantennal suture present........................................................................22

21. Tergopleurites much reduced, not or barely reaching lateral margins of abdomen, but never ventral side of absomen ( Figs 319– 320 ); male genitalia roughly as in Figs 323–325 ; as3 absent ( Fig. 321 )................................. Corvonirmus

- Tergopleurites not reduced as in Figs 319–320 , extending to ventral side of abdomen ( Figs 524–525 ); male genitalia of unique structure ( Figs 527–530 ); as3 present ( Fig. 526 )................................................... Aporisticeras

22. Female tergopleurite IX+X fused with tergopleurite XI.......................................................23

- Female tergopleurites IX+X and XI not fused..............................................................28

23. Dorsal preantennal suture completely separates dorsal anterior plate ( Fig. 148 ).................................... 24

- Dorsal anterior plate medianly continuous with main head plate ( Fig. 226 )....................................... 25

24. Ventral anterior plate present; pns present; antennae sexually dimorphic; mesosome without lateral extensions; females with ss on tergopleurites II–VIII....................................................................... Melibrueelia

- Ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 148 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Figs 146–147 ); mesosome with lateral extensions overlapping with parameres ( Figs 149–150 ); females without ss on all tergopleurites ( Fig. 147 )........... Psammonirmus

25. pos present ( Fig. 226 ), but may be ventral ( Fig. 184 ); female subgenital plate without lateral extensions ( Figs 230 , 188 )...26

- pos absent ( Fig. 155 ); female subgenital plate with lateral extensions ( Figs 160 , 167 )...............................27

26. Temples angular ( Figs 184 , 191 ); pns microsetae ( Figs 184 , 191 )....................................... Turdinirmus

- Temples rounded ( Figs 226 , 233 ); pns mesosetae ( Figs 226 , 233 )......................... Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella)

27. Antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Figs 161–162 ); male tergopleurites II–VI with ss ( Fig. 161 ); distal mesosome without large, brush-like extensions ( Fig. 165 ); ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 163 ).................................... Resartor

- Antennae sexually dimorphic ( Figs 155–156 ); male tergopleurites II–VI without ss ( Fig. 153 ); distal mesosome with large, brush-like extensions ( Fig. 158 ); ventral anterior plate present ( Fig. 155 )................................. Ceratocista

28. Multiple sts on each side on at least sternal plate VI (multiple sts may also be present on more anterior segments)........29

- Each sternal plate with at most 1 sts on each side............................................................30

29. Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Fig. 198 ); ventral anterior plate present ( Fig. 198 ); pns sensilla or microsetae ( Fig. 198 )............................................................................................ Maculinirmus

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Fig. 219 ); ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 219 ); pns mesosetae ( Fig. 219 )...................................................................................... Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes)

30. Parameral heads folded medianly or with finger-like median extensions; tps absent on male tergopleurites V–VIII; psps present on female tergopleurite IV.............................................................................31

- Parameral heads bifid or blunt, not folded medianly, and without finger-like median extensions; tps present on at least some of male tergopleurites V–VIII; psps absent on female tergopleurite IV.............................................38

31. Dorsal preantennal suture with postero-lateral extensions posterior to ads ( Fig. 429 ); male subgenital plate not reaching distal end of abdomen ( Fig. 427 ); tergopleurites of both sexes without ventral section on all abdominal segments ( Fig. 427 ); pns absent ( Fig. 429 )............................................................................ Buphagoecus

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent, or if present without postero-lateral extensions posterior to ads; male subgenital plate reaches distal end of abdomen; tergopleurites of both sexes with ventral sections at least on abdominal segments II–VI; pns present.............................................................................................32

32. Dorsal preantennal suture present, interrupting marginal carina at least submedianly ( Figs 362–364 ), or, if not interrupting marginal carina submedianly (as in Gu. cicchinoi ) with neither ads nor dsms situated in suture ( Fig. 361 )........................................................................................................ Guimaraesiella

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent, or if present not interrupting marginal carina and with either ads, dsms or both situated in suture..............................................................................................33

33. Female subgenital plate does not cross-piece at vulval margin ( Figs 269 , 333)....................................34

- Female subgenital plate forms cross-piece at vulval margin ( Fig. 284 )...........................................35

34. Mesosomal lobes wide and of complicated structure ( Figs 334–337 ), fused distal to ventral gonopore; ventral sections of tergopleurites slender, may be absent on abdominal segments VII–VIII ( Figs 327–328 )....................... Olivinirmus

- Mesosomal lobes slight, without ridges, thickenings, nodi, or rugose areas, not fused distal to terminal gonopore ( Figs 267 , 274 ); ventral sections of tergopleurites wide, present on segments II–VIII ( Figs263–264 , 270–271 )........... Traihoriella

35. Sternal plates and antero-lateral section of subgenital plates of both sexes with distinct modifications ( Figs 277–278 ); accessory sternal plate present lateral to male subgenital plate ( Fig. 277 ); proximal mesosome very slender ( Fig. 282 ); distal mesosome small, roughly triangular ( Fig. 282 ).................................................. Priceiella (Priceiella)

- Sternal plates and subgenital plate without modifications; no accessory sternal plates lateral to male subgenital plate; proximal mesosome wide; distal mesosome wide, of varying shapes ( Figs 289 , 304 , 312 )...................................36

36. Dorsal preantennal suture, if present, arising around dsms and may continue posteriorly to ads ( Fig. 302 ); male tergopleurites IV–VI without aps ( Fig. 300 ); parameres parallel distally ( Fig. 303 )......................... Priceiella (Thescelovora)

- Male tergopleurites IV–VI with aps ( Figs 277 , 305 ); dorsal preantennal suture, if present, restricted to around ads ( Fig. 279 ); parameres divergent distally ( Figs 290 , 313 )...............................................................37

37. Male tergopleurite III with aps ( Fig. 307 ); proximal mesosome does not overlap with basal apodeme ( Fig. 311 )............................................................................................ Priceiella (Torosinirmus)

- Male tergopleurite III without aps ( Figs 285 , 292 ); proximal mesosome overlaps with basal apodeme ( Figs 288 , 296 )....................................................................................... Priceiella (Camurnirmus)

38. Female subgenital plate with at least partial cross-piece but without reticulation ( Figs 48 , 89 ); s4 absent ( Figs 44 , 85 ); ps absent on female abdominal segment II (43, 84)..................................................................39

- Female subgenital plate without cross-piece, but with reticulation ( Fig. 82 ); s4 present ( Fig. 77 ); ps present on female abdominal segment II ( Fig. 76 )....................................................................... Teinomordeus

39. Female subgenital plate with complete cross-piece ( Fig. 48 ); as2, pos, and mts 1 present ( Fig. 44 )........... Brueelia s. str.

- Female subgenital plate with partial cross-piece ( Fig. 89 ); as2, pos, and mts 1 absent ( Fig. 85 )................ Acronirmus

40. mts 2 modified ( Figs 504 , 514 ); mts 4–5 microsetae ( Figs 504 , 514 ); female tergopleurite IX+X not fused with tergopleurite XI ( Figs 503 , 513 ); gonopore close proximally ( Figs 506 , 516 )...................................................41

- mts 2 not modified ( Fig. 512 ); mts 4–5 mesosetae in male and mts 4 mesosetae in female ( Figs 210–211 ); female tergopleurite IX+X fused with tergopleurite XI ( Fig. 211 ); gonopore open proximally ( Fig. 214 )....................... Titanomessor

41. Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Fig. 504 ); temples rounded ( Fig. 504 ); antennal canals absent ( Fig. 504 ); sternal plates II– VI absent ( Figs 502–502 ); psps present on tergopleurites III–V in both sexes ( Figs 502–503 ); parameres not fused to mesosome ( Figs 505–506 ); female tergopleurite VIII with setal row ( Fig. 503 ).............................. Motmotnirmus

- Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Figs 514 , 520 ); temples angular ( Figs 514 , 520 ), antennal canals present ( Figs 514 , 520 ); sternal plates II–VI present ( Figs 512–513 , 518–519 ); psps absent on tergopleurites III–V in both sexes ( Figs 512–513 , 518– 519 ); parameres fused to mesosome ( Figs 516 , 522 ); female tergopleurite VIII without setal row ( Figs 513 , 519 )......................................................................................................... Couala

Figures

FIGURES 116 – 121. Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans: 116, male head, dorsal and ventral view; dorsal sensilla and pts not visible in the material examined. 117, female antenna, ventral view. 118, male genitalia, dorsal view. 119, male mesosome, ventral view. 120, male paramere, dorsal view. 121, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view (anterior dotted line outline pigmented part of subgenital plate, posterior dotted line extent of marginal thickening).

FIGURES 240 – 245. Saepocephalum stephenfryi n. gen. & n. sp. ex Corcorax melanoramphos: 240, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 241, female antenna, ventral view. 242, male genitalia, dorsal view. 243, male mesosome, ventral view. 244, male paramere, dorsal view. 245, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 248 – 252. Harpactrox loeiensis n. gen. & n. sp. ex Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis: 248, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 249, male genitalia, dorsal view. 250, male mesosome, ventral view. 251, male paramere, dorsal view. 252, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 246 – 247. Harpactrox loeiensis n. gen. & n. sp. ex Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis: 246, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; only examined male with distorted abdomen, and shape of abdomen here reproduced as closely as possible; anterior sternites and some ventral setae missing in only available male specimen, and here included tentatively. 247, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 114 – 115. Anarchonirmus albovittatus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans: 114, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 115, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. (dotted lines on sternites outline densely pigmented areas).

FIGURES 238 – 239. Saepocephalum stephenfryi n. gen. & n. sp. ex Corcorax melanoramphos: 238, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 239, female body, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 494 – 496. Meropoecus balisong n. sp. ex Merops americanus: 494, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 495, male genitalia, ventral view. 496, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 499 – 501. Meropoecus bartlowi n. sp. ex Merops ornatus: 499, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 500, male genitalia, ventral view. 501, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 49 – 50. Brueelia aguilarae n. sp. ex Euplectes franciscanus pusillus: 49, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 50, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. Thin dotted lines delimit pigmented areas on head, pterothorax, sternites, and tergite IX + X.

FIGURES 479 – 480. Meropsiella apiastri (Denny, 1842) ex Merops apiaster: 479, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 480, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 481 – 482. Meropsiella apiastri (Denny, 1842) ex Merops apiaster: 481, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 482, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 463 – 464. Schizosairhynchus erysichthoni n. gen. & n. sp. ex Aplonis metallica metallica: 463, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 464, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 470 – 471. Schizosairhynchus minovenator n. gen. & n. sp. ex Mino dumontii: 470, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 471, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 465 – 469. Schizosairhynchus erysichthoni n. gen. & n. sp. ex Aplonis metallica metallica: 465, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 466, male genitalia, dorsal view. 467, male mesosome, ventral view. 468, male paramere, dorsal view. 469, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviation: VS, ventral sclerite.

FIGURES 472 – 476. Schizosairhynchus minovenator n. gen. & n. sp. ex Mino dumontii: 472, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 473 male genitalia, dorsal view. 474, male mesosome, ventral view. 475, male paramere, dorsal view. 476, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 277 – 278. Priceiella (Priceiella) sternotypica (Ansari, 1956 a) n. comb. ex Garrulax pectoralis subfuscus: 277, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 278, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 453 – 456. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. & n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 453, male head, dorsal and ventral views, 454, dorsal view of frons. 455, partial male genitalia, ventral view; (parameres exclude, distorted in all males examined). 456, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 459 – 462 Manucodicola semiramisae n. gen. & n. sp. ex Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus: 459, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 460, dorsal view of frons. 461, partial male genitalia, ventral view (parameres excluded, distorted in all males examined). 462, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity).

FIGURES 451 – 452. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. & n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 451, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 452, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg & Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 379 – 383. Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776) ex Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris: 379, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 380, male genitalia, dorsal view. 381, male mesosome, ventral view. 382, male paramere, dorsal view. 383, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 439 – 440. Rostrinirmus ruficeps (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Passer montanus malaccensis: 439, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 440, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 124 – 129. Osculonirmus limpidus Mey, 1982 a ex Eremophila alpestris utahensis: 124, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 125, female antennae, ventral view. 126, male genitalia, dorsal view. 127, male mesosome, ventral view. 128, male paramere, dorsal view. 129, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 340 – 345. Nemuus imperator n. gen. & n. sp. ex Artamus maximus: 340, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 341, female antenna, ventral view. 342, male genitalia, dorsal view. 343, male mesosome, ventral view. 344, male paramere, dorsal view. 345, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 377 – 378. Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776) ex Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris: 377, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 378, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 437 – 438. Rostrinirmus ruficeps (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Passer montanus malaccensis: 437, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 438, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 441 – 450. Rostrinirmus buresi (Balát, 1958) n. comb. ex Emberiza bruniceps: 441 male genitalia, dorsal view. 442, male mesosome, ventral view. 443, male paramere, dorsal view. Rostrinirmus ruficeps (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Passer montanus malaccensis: 444, lateral head margin with os and pos, dorsal view. 445, male genitalia, dorsal view. 446, male mesosome, ventral view. 447, male paramere, dorsal view. Rostrinirmus ruficeps (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Passer montanus montanus (Linnaeus, 1758). 448, male genitalia, dorsal view. 449, male mesosome, ventral view. 450, male paramere, dorsal view.

FIGURES 338 – 339. Nemuus imperator n. gen. & n. sp. ex Artamus maximus: 338, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 339, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 346 – 347. Nemuus hoedhri n. gen. & n. sp. ex Artamus fuscus: 346, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 347, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 348 – 353. Nemuus hoedhri n. gen. & n. sp. ex Artamus fuscus: 348, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 349, female antenna, ventral view. 350, male genitalia, dorsal view. 351, male mesosome and parameral heads, ventral view. 352, male paramere, dorsal view. 353, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 122 – 123. Osculonirmus limpidus Mey, 1982 a ex Eremophila alpestris utahensis: 122, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 123, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 168 – 169. Aratricerca cirithrus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Ptiloprora guisei guisei: 168, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 169, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 509 – 511. Buerelius longiceps (Piaget, 1880) ex Brachypteracias leptosomus: 509, female head, dorsal and ventral views. 510, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 511, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 108 – 113. Sychraella sinsutura n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus isidorei isidorei: 108, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 109, female antenna, ventral view. 110, male genitalia, dorsal view. 111, male mesosome, ventral view. 112, male paramere, dorsal view. 113, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 106 – 107. Sychraella sinsutura n. gen. & n. sp. ex Pomatostomus isidorei isidorei: 106 male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 107 female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 177 – 181. Turdinirmoides grandalae (Clay, 1936) n. comb. ex Grandala coelicolor: 177, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 178, male genitalia, dorsal view. 179, male mesosome, ventral view. 180, male paramere, dorsal view. 181, female subgenital plate and vulval margin.

FIGURES 175 – 176. Turdinirmoides grandalae (Clay, 1936) n. comb. ex Grandala coelicolor: 175, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 176, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 92 – 97. Mirandofures kamena n. gen. & n. sp. ex Erythrura trichroa sigillifer: 92, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 93, female antenna, ventral view. 94, male genitalia, ventral view. 95, male mesosome, ventral view. 96, male paramere, dorsal view. 97, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviation: MCP, marginal carinal plate.

FIGURES 100 – 105. Mirandofures altoguineae n. gen. & n. sp. ex Oreostruthus fuliginosus: 100, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 101, female antenna, ventral view. 102, male genitalia, dorsal view. 103, male mesosome, ventral view. 104, male paramere, dorsal view. 105, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 319 – 320. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 319 male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 320 female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 524 – 525. Aporisticeras athertona (Williams, 1981) n. comb. ex Nyctyornis athertoni athertoni: 524, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 525, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 526 – 531. Aporisticeras athertona (Williams, 1981) n. comb. ex Nyctyornis athertoni athertoni: 526, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 527, male genitalia, dorsal view. 528, male mesosome, ventral view. 529, male paramere, dorsal view. 530, male paramere, ventral view. 531. female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviations: ATS, anterior transverse sclerite; DTS, distal transverse sclerite.

FIGURES 148 – 152. Psammonirmus lunatipectus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Serilophus lunatus aphobus: 148, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 149, male genitalia, dorsal view. 150, mesosome, ventral view. 151, paramere, dorsal view. 152 female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 226 – 230. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) laurocorythes n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Edolisoma holopolium holopolium: 226, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 227, male genitalia, dorsal view. 228, male mesosome, ventral view. 229, male paramere, dorsal view. 230, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 146 – 147. Psammonirmus lunatipectus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Serilophus lunatus aphobus: 146, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 147, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 184 – 188. Turdinirmus merulensis (Denny, 1842) ex Turdus merula: 184, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 185, male genitalia, dorsal view. 186, male mesosome, ventral view. 187, male paramere, dorsal view. 188, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 155 – 160. Ceratocista antennatus (Ansari, 1956 a) n. comb. ex Grammatoptila striata sikkimensis: 155, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 156, female antenna, ventral view. 157, male genitalia, dorsal view. 158, mesosome, ventral view. 159, male paramere, dorsal view. 160, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 163 – 167. Resartor impressifrons (Ansari, 1956 a) n. comb. ex Trochalopteron affine bethelae: 163, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 164, male genitalia, dorsal view; parameres distorted in the material examined, and may be longer distally than depicted here. 165, male mesosome, ventral view. 166, male paramere, dorsal view. 167, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 191 – 195. Turdinirmus australissimus n. sp. ex Zoothera lunulata lunulata: 191, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 192, male genitalia, dorsal view. 193, male mesosome, ventral view. 194, male paramere, dorsal view. 195 female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 233 – 237. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) loboccupatrix n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Lobotos oriolinus: 233, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 234, male genitalia, dorsal view. 235, male mesosome, ventral view. 236, male paramere, dorsal view. 237, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 161 – 162. Resartor impressifrons (Ansari, 1956 a) n. comb. ex Trochalopteron affine bethelae: 161, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 162, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 153 – 154. Ceratocista antennatus (Ansari, 1956 a) n. comb. ex Grammatoptila striata sikkimensis: 153, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 154, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 198 – 202. Maculinirmus mundus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Oriolus oriolus oriolus: 198, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 199, male genitalia, dorsal view. 200, male mesosome, ventral view. 201, male paramere, dorsal view. 202, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 219 – 223. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) indonesiana (Eichler, 1947) n. comb. ex Coracina striata difficilis: 219, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 220, male genitalia, dorsal view. 221, male mesosome, ventral view. 222, male paramere, dorsal view. 223, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 429 – 430. Buphagoecus husaini (Ansari, 1968) n. comb. ex Buphagus africanus africanus: 429, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 430, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 427 – 428. Buphagoecus husaini (Ansari, 1968) n. comb. ex Buphagus africanus africanus: 427, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 428, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 361 – 364. Variation of preantennal area in Guimaraesiella Eichler, 1949, dorsal views: 361, Guimaraesiella sueta Valim & Weckstein, 2011 n. comb., ex Pharomachrus pavoninus: 362, Guimaraesiella sp. ex Turdus falcklandii. 363, Guimaraesiella sp. ex Rhipidura javanica. 364, Guimaraesiella antiqua (Ansari, 1956 b) n. comb. ex Catharus guttatus nanus.

FIGURES 265 – 269. Traihoriella punjabensis Ansari, 1947 ex Psilopogon virens marshallorum: 265, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 266, male genitalia, dorsal view. 267, male mesosome, ventral view. 268, male paramere, dorsal view. 269, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 279 – 284. Priceiella (Priceiella) sternotypica (Ansari, 1956 a) n. comb. ex Garrulax pectoralis subfuscus: 279, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 280, female antenna, ventral side. 281, male genitalia, dorsal view. 282, male mesosome, ventral view. 283, male paramere, dorsal view. 284, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 334 – 337. Ventral views of male genitalia representing species groups of Olivinirmus: 334, Olivinirmus glandarii (Denny, 1842) (O. glandarii group); 335, Olivinirmus meinertzhageni (Ansari, 1956 d) n. comb. (O. meinertzhageni group); 336, Olivinirmus cyaneus (Carriker, 1963) n. comb. (O. morionus group); 337, Olivinirmus semiannulatus (Piaget, 1883) n. comb. (O. semiannulatus group).

FIGURES 327 – 328. Olivinirmus glandarii (Denny, 1842) ex Garrulus glandarius atricapillus: 327, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 328, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 272 – 276. Traihoriella laticeps (Piaget, 1880) n. comb. ex Aulacorhynchus prasinus atrogularis: 272, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 273, male genitalia, dorsal view. 274, male mesosome, ventral view. 275, male paramere, dorsal view. 276, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 263 – 264. Traihoriella punjabensis Ansari, 1947 ex Psilopogon virens marshallorum: 263, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 264, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 270 – 271. Traihoriella laticeps (Piaget, 1880) n. comb. ex Aulacorhynchus prasinus atrogularis: 270 male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 271, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 287 – 291. Priceiella (Camurnirmus) hwameicola n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Garrulax taewanus: 287, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 288, male genitalia, dorsal view. 289, male mesosome, ventral view. 290, male paramere, dorsal view. 291, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 302 – 306. Priceiella (Thescelovora) alliocephala n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus: 302, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 303, male genitalia, dorsal view. 304, male mesosome, ventral view. 305, male paramere, dorsal view. 306, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 309 – 314. Priceiella (Torosinirmus) koka n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Turdoides tenebrosa: 309, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 310, female antenna, ventral view. 311, male genitalia, dorsal view. 312, male mesosome, ventral view. 313, male paramere, dorsal view. 314, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 300 – 301. Priceiella (Thescelovora) alliocephala n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus: 300, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 301, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 307 – 308. Priceiella (Torosinirmus) koka n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Turdoides tenebrosa: 307, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 308, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 285 – 286. Priceiella (Camurnirmus) hwameicola n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Garrulax taewanus: 285, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 286, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 292 – 293. Priceiella (Camurnirmus) paulbrowni n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Garrulax leucolophus diardi: 292, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 293, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 294 – 299. Priceiella (Camurnirmus) paulbrowni n. gen., n. subgen. & n. sp. ex Garrulax leucolophus diardi: 294, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 295, female antenna, ventral view. 296, male genitalia, dorsal view. 297, male mesosome, ventral view. 298, male paramere, dorsal view. 299, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views.

FIGURES 85 – 89. Acronirmus gracilis (Burmeister, 1838) ex Delichon urbicum urbicum: 85, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 86, male genitalia, dorsal view. 87, male mesosome, ventral view. 88, male paramere, dorsal view. 89, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviations: POMC, postmarginal carina; PRMC, premarginal carina.

FIGURES 77 – 82. Teinomordeus entelosetus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Eurocephalus rueppelli: 77, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 78, female antennae, ventral view. 79, male genitalia, dorsal view. 80, male mesosome, ventral view. 81, male paramere, dorsal view. 82, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 75 – 76. Teinomordeus entelosetus n. gen. & n. sp. ex Eurocephalus rueppelli: 75, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 76, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 504 – 508. Motmotnirmus marginellus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Momotus momota momota: 504, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 505, male genitalia, dorsal view. 506, male mesosome, ventral view. 507, male paramere, dorsal view. 508, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 514 – 517. Couala dodekopter n. gen. & n. sp. ex Coua cristata pyropyga: 514, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 515, male genitalia, dorsal view. 516, distal male genitalia, ventral view. 517, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 502 – 503. Motmotnirmus marginellus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) ex Momotus momota momota: 502, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 503, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 512 – 513. Couala dodekopter n. gen. & n. sp. ex Coua cristata pyropyga: 512, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 513, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 210 – 211. Titanomessor sexloba n. gen. & n. sp. ex Laniarius erythrogaster: 210, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 211, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 212 – 216. Titanomessor sexloba n. gen. & n. sp. ex Laniarius erythrogaster: 212, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 213, male genitalia, dorsal view. 214, mesosome, ventral view. 215, parameres, dorsal view. 216, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Scale for parameres same as for male genitalia.

FIGURES 520 – 523 Couala angulata (Piaget, 1880) n. comb. ex Coua caerulea: 520, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 521, male genitalia, dorsal view. 522, male mesosome and parameres, ventral view. 523, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURE 518 – 519 Couala angulata (Piaget, 1880) n. comb. ex Coua caerulea: 518, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 519, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.