Couala Gustafsson & Bush, 2017

Bush, Sarah E., 2017, Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key, Zootaxa 4313 (1), pp. 1-443 : 307-308

Couala Gustafsson & Bush , new genus

Nirmus Nitzsch, 1818: 291 (in partim).

Degeeriella Neumann, 1906: 60 (in partim). Brueelia Kéler, 1936a: 257 (in partim).

Type species. Couala dodekopter new species

Diagnosis. Couala n. gen. is not particularly similar to any other genus in the Brueelia -complex, but was placed as a sister to Buerelius in the phylogeny of Bush et al. (2016). This placement was strongly supported, as was its placement as one of several sister lineages to the core Brueelia -complex. The male genitalia of these two genera share the following characters ( Figs 515–516 , 521–522 for Couala ; male genitalia of Buerelius illustrated by Clay & Tandan (1967: figs 5–7): mesosome at least partially fused to basal apodeme; gonopore terminal but elongated; parameres widest at head; pst1–2 near distal end of parameres; basal apodeme much elongated. Couala ( Figs 514 , 520 ) is primarily separated from Buerelius ( Fig. 509 ; Clay & Tandan 1967: figs 1–4) by the following differences in head structure: preantennal area gently rounded in Couala , but elongated in Buerelius ; dorsal preantennal suture absent in Couala , but present and uniquely shaped in Buerelius ; marginal carina uninterrupted in Couala , but interrupted medianly in Buerelius ; antennal canal present in Couala , but absent in Buerelius ; mts 2 thorn-like in Couala , but microsetae in Buerelius ; ventral anterior plate absent in Couala , but present in Buerelius ; temples angular in Couala n. gen, but gently rounded in Buerelius ; coni folded ventrally in Couala , but not folded in Buerelius . Abdominal chaetotaxy ( Table 2) is similar between the two genera, however tps are absent on segments II–VIII in Buerelius ( Fig. 510 ) but present in Couala ( Figs 512–513 , 518–519 ). Females of both Buerelius ( Fig. 511 ) and Couala ( Figs 517 , 523 ) have highly convex vulval margins, subgenital plates that are roughly trapezoidal, lack cross-pieces, and have some long vos on distal margin median to the vss. However, the vms are thorn-like and the vss microsetae in all Couala , whereas the vms are microsetae and the vss are mesosetae in Buerelius .

Description. Both sexes. Head bell-shaped ( Figs 514 , 520 ). Marginal carina uninterrupted, displaced posteriorly and dorsally at osculum. Ventral carina broad, continuous with marginal carina, but may be diffuse anteriorly. Dorsal preantennal suture, dorsal anterior plate, and ventral anterior plate absent. Head chaetotaxy as in Figs 514 , 520 ; as3 absent. Coni very large, folded ventral to scapes, and typically pointing directly or obliquely to the posterior. Preantennal nodi prominent. Antennae monomorphic. Pre- and postocular nodi very large, especially in Couala angulata ( Fig. 520 ). Preocular nodi, if long, ventrally divided by the “antennal canal” (AC in Fig. 520 ). Ventral side of the preocular nodi continues posteriorly as ridge that ends at posterior margin of head. Antennae in many mounted specimens fit through the AC and along this ridge. Temporal and occipital carinae not visible; mts 3 only macrosetae, mts 2 spine-like or hooked, ventral. Gular plates large, shape varies between species.

Prothorax rectangular ( Figs 512–513 , 518–519 ); ppss on postero-lateral corners. Proepimera broad, hookshaped medianly. Pterothorax roughly pentagonal; lateral sides widely divergent; posterior margin convergent to median point; mms widely separated medianly. Meso- and metasterna not fused; 1 seta on postero-lateral corner on each side of each plate. Metepisterna broad, blunt but diffuse medianly; large nodi laterally. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25 , except cI-v3, fI-p2, fI-v4, fII-v2, fIII-v2 absent; fI-p3 absent in Couala dodekopter n. sp. ( Figs 405–406 ).

Abdomen oval, broad ( Figs 512–513 , 518–519 ). Terminal segment in females very short, and tergopleurite IX+X may project median to tergopleurites XI ( Fig. 519 ). Tergopleurites rectangular; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in female narrowly divided medianly. Female tergopleurites III–VIII with increasingly slanted posterior margins; tergopleurite IX large, shield-like. Sternal plates wide, rectangular, not reaching pleurites, often pale or diffuse. Pleural incrassations wide. Ventral sections of tergopleurites wide, angular. Re-entrant heads elaborate. Male subgenital plate triangular, reaching to terminal end of abdomen. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2 and Figs 512–513 , 518–519 . Female subgenital plate broadly triangular, may approach vulval margin ( Figs 517 , 523 ), but does not flare into cross-piece. Vulval margin ( Figs 517 , 523 ) highly convex, with spine-like vms, minute vss; vos follow lateral margins of subgenital plate; distal vos at or near vulval margin.

Male genitalia variable ( Figs 515–516 , 521–522 ), but mesosome, basal apodeme, and parameres are all fused at least partially. Basal apodeme elongated, anterior margin rounded. Proximal mesosome fused to basal apodeme, and not distinguishable. Gonopore terminal ( Figs 516 , 522 ), prominently located in anterior portion of mesosome; distal ends of gonopore elongated. Mesosomal lobes large, distally fused with parameres, and in Couala dodokopter ( Fig. 516 ) not distinguishable from parameral heads. Lobes may be smooth ( Figs 515–516 ) or densely papillate and rugose ( Figs 521–522 ); 2 ames sensilla on each side in translucent grooves antero-lateral to gonopore; 2 pmes sensilla or microsetae on each side postero-lateral to gonopore. Parameral heads ( Figs 515 , 521 ) fused to mesosomal lobes. Parameral blades attenuating, divergent ( Fig. 408 ) or convergent ( Fig. 413 ); pst1 sensilla, central near distal end of paramere; pst2 microsetae, marginal near distal end of paramere.

Host distribution. Known only from species of the Malagasy cuckoo genus Coua Schinz, 1821 . Hughes (1996, 2000) suggested that the genus Coua is close to other ground-living cuckoos, such as Centropus Illiger, 1811 , but no similar lice are known from these host genera.

Geographical range. Madagascar.

Etymology. Couala refers to the generic name of the host with the arbitrary ending – la. Also, Couala is a pun suggesting similarities to the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817) , as both are somewhat chubby, largely rounded in all parts, and live their lives clinging to something much larger, which they also eat. Gender: feminine.

Included species

* Couala angulata ( Piaget, 1880: 134) n. comb. [in Nirmus ]

* Couala dodekopter new species

* Couala goniodes ( Piaget, 1880: 665) n. comb. [in Nirmus ] Nirmus goniocotes Piaget, 1885: 33 new synonymy [in Nirmus ] [1]

[1] Nirmus goniocotes was described from “ Dacelo gigas de Madagascar (Museum de Leide)”. This species is today known as the laughing kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae (Hermann, 1783) and is endemic to Australasia ( Fry et al. 1999). There are no large kingfishers on Madagascar, and it appears that either the type host identity, its geographical origin, or both are erroneous. The syntypes of Nirmus goniocotes in the Piaget collection at NHML are indistinguishable from those of N. goniodes , although Piaget’s material of both taxa is poorly preserved. Therefore, we place N. goniocotes as a junior synonym of Cl. goniodes , implying that the type locality of Nirmus goniocotes is correct, but that its type host was misidentified.

Figures

FIGURES 25. Dorso-ventral views of coxae I – III, trochanters I – III, and femora I – III, showing terminology of the leg setae used here. Other parts of the thorax removed for clarity. Setae situated marginally are illustrated and named on both dorsal (lefthand) and ventral (right-hand) sides. Terminology for individual seta as used in the text obtained by combining the leg segment (larger font) and the setal name (smaller font). Abbreviations: a 1 – 5, anterior setae 1 – 5; cI – III, coxae I – III; d 1 – 3, dorsal setae 1 – 3; dm 1 – 4, distal marginal setae 1 – 4; fI – III, femur I – III; p 1 – 3, posterior setae 1 – 3; s 1 – 6, sensilla 1 – 6; tI – III, trochanter I – III; v 1 – 4, ventral setae 1 – 4.

FIGURES 514 – 517. Couala dodekopter n. gen. & n. sp. ex Coua cristata pyropyga: 514, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 515, male genitalia, dorsal view. 516, distal male genitalia, ventral view. 517, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 520 – 523 Couala angulata (Piaget, 1880) n. comb. ex Coua caerulea: 520, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 521, male genitalia, dorsal view. 522, male mesosome and parameres, ventral view. 523, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 509 – 511. Buerelius longiceps (Piaget, 1880) ex Brachypteracias leptosomus: 509, female head, dorsal and ventral views. 510, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 511, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 512 – 513. Couala dodekopter n. gen. & n. sp. ex Coua cristata pyropyga: 512, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 513, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURE 518 – 519 Couala angulata (Piaget, 1880) n. comb. ex Coua caerulea: 518, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 519, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 401 – 405. Sturnidoecus australafricanus sp. nov. ex Corvinella melanoleuca expressa: 401, male head, dorsal and ventral views (hyaline margin collapsed in single available male, dotted lines represent likely extent in fresh material). 402, male genitalia, dorsal view. 403, male mesosome, ventral view. 404, male paramere, dorsal view. 405, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 406 – 407. Sturnidoecus mon n. sp. ex Euplectes hordeaceus: 406, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 407, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 408 – 412. Sturnidoecus mon n. sp. ex Euplectes hordeaceus: 408, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 409, male genitalia, dorsal view. 410, male mesosome, ventral view. 411, male paramere, dorsal view. 412, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 413 – 414. Sturnidoecus porphyrogenitus n. sp. ex Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi: 413, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 414, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.