Manucodicola Gustafsson & Bush, 2017

Bush, Sarah E., 2017, Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key, Zootaxa 4313 (1), pp. 1-443 : 269-270

Manucodicola Gustafsson & Bush , new genus

Type species. Manucodicola acantharx new species

Diagnosis. Manucodicola n. gen. is superficially similar to Schizosairhynchus n. gen., with which it shares the following characters: preantennal head elongated and frons deeply concave ( Figs 453 , 465 ); marginal carina widely interrupted laterally and premarginal carina absent ( Figs 453 , 465 ); as2 absent and dsms located on hyaline margin ( Figs 453 , 465 ); vss numerous, short, often in more than one row ( Figs 456 , 469 ). The two genera can be separated by the following characters: preantennal area asymmetrical in Manucodicola ( Fig. 454 ) but symmetrical in Schizosairhynchus ( Fig. 465 ); dorsal anterior plate connected to main head plate in Manucodicola ( Fig. 453 ) but separated from main head plate in Schizosairhynchus ( Fig. 465 ); antero-lateral margins of head with fleshy, hyaline lobes in Schizosairhynchus ( Fig. 465 ) but no such lobes present in Manucodicola ( Fig. 453 ); temporal carinae present in Schizosairhynchus ( Fig. 465 ) but absent in Manucodicola ( Fig. 453 ); ppss medio-posterior in Schizosairhynchus ( Figs 463–464 ) but postero-lateral in Manucodicola ( Figs 451–452 ); pterothorax with posteromedian indentation in Schizosairhynchus ( Figs 463–464 ) but without such indentation in Manucodicola ( Figs 451– 452 ); abdominal chaetotaxy ( Table 2); sternal plates absent in more anterior segments in Manucodicola ( Figs 451– 452 ) but present on all segments in Schizosairhynchus ( Figs 463–464 ); accessory sternal plates present on at least some segments in Schizosairhynchus ( Figs 463–464 ) but absent in Manucodicola ( Figs 451–452 ). Most of these characters also separate Manucodicola from Sturnidoecus ( Figs 377–383 ) and Buphagoecus n. gen. ( Figs 427– 436 ).

In both Bizarrifrons ( Fig. 477 ) and Manucodicola ( Fig. 453 ) the preantennal area is asymmetrical, but these genera are separated by the following characters: ventral anterior plate present in Bizarrifrons ( Fig. 477 ) but absent in Manucodicola ( Fig. 453 ); sternal plates absent on anterior segments in Manucodicola ( Figs 451–452 ) but present on all segments in Bizarrifrons ( Fig. 477 ); proximal mesosome overlapping basal apodeme in Bizarrifrons ( Fig. 478 ) but not overlapping in Manucodicola ( Fig. 455 ); mesosome longer than wide in Bizarrifrons ( Fig. 478 ) but wider than long in Manucodicola ( Fig. 455 ).

Description. Both sexes. Head bulb-shaped ( Figs 453 , 459 ). Frons deeply concave, hyaline. Frons and dorsal anterior plate asymmetrical ( Figs 454 , 460 ). Marginal carina widely interrupted medianly at as1 where hyaline margin begins posteriorly. Ventral carinae continue farther anterior than marginal carina, not continuous with marginal carina. Dorsal preantennal suture continuous with hyaline margin, reaching ads but not transversally continuous. Dorsal anterior plate continuous with main head plate, deeply concave anteriorly; strongly pigmented band along anterior margin of plate. Ventral anterior plate absent. Head setae as in Figs 453 , 459 ; as3 absent; pos clearly ventral. Coni long, pointed. Antennae monomorphic. Temporal carinae faint but present. Gular plate broadly rhombic.

Prothorax rounded rectangular, almost as broad as pterothorax ( Figs 451–452 , 457–458); ppss on posterolateral corners of pronotum. Proepimera blunt medianly, curving slightly around coxae I. Pterothorax rounded rectangular; lateral margins convex; posterior margin more or less flat; mms widely separated medianly. Meso- and metasterna small, not fused; one seta on postero-lateral corner of each side of each plate. Metepisterna slender, median ends blunt. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25 , except fI-v4, fI-p2 absent.

Abdomen ( Figs 451–452 , 457–458) oval with chaetotaxy as in Table 2 and Figs 451–452 , 457–458. Tergopleurites bluntly triangular, more rectangular in females; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII and XI in female widely divided medianly. Sternal plates II–IV absent in both sexes, sternal plates V–VI medianly continuous but very small. Re-entrant heads small. Male subgenital plate broadly rectangular, reaching terminal margin of abdomen and often folding around to dorsal side. Female subgenital plate rounded triangular, with concave lateral margins, approaching vulval margin ( Figs 456 , 462 ). Vulval margin ( Figs 456 , 462 ) with long, slender vms, numerous short, thorn-like vss, and vos that follow lateral margins of subgenital plate; distal vos situated median to vss ( Figs 456 , 462 ).

Male genitalia partially everted in all available material from both species, and here described and illustrated only approximately ( Figs 455 , 461 ). Basal apodeme trapezoidal, narrowing markedly in proximal end; anterior margin typically diffuse. Proximal mesosome trapezoidal. Gonopore closed or open only ventrally ( Figs 455 , 461 ), broader than long, with slight distal extension. Mesosomal lobes wide, fused distally, with thickened ridge proximally; 2 sensilla visible submedianly near anterior margin on each side. Parameres distorted in all examined males, but appear to be long and tapered, with large, blunt heads (not illustrated).

Host distribution. Manucodicola is known only from members of two genera of birds-of-paradise ( Paradisaeidae ): Manucodia Boddaert, 1783 and Phonygammus Lesson and Garnot, 1826 . These host genera are closely related, and together form the sister group to all other birds-of-paradise ( Nunn & Cracraft 1996). Apart from the two species described below, a single female louse from Manucodia chalybatus (Forster, 1781) was available to us, indicating that additional undescribed species of Manucodicola may occur on other species of Manucodia . All other material from the Paradisaeidae examined by us belongs to Guimaraesiella.

Geographical range. Presently only from New Guinea, but the host Phonygammus keraudrenii also occurs in Australia.

Etymology. The genus name derives from the host genus Manucodia , from Javanese “ manuk dewata ”, meaning “bird of the gods”, combined with Latin “ -cola ” for “inhabitant”. Gender: feminine.

Included species

* Manucodicola acantharx new species * Manucodicola semiramisae new species

Figures

FIGURES 25. Dorso-ventral views of coxae I – III, trochanters I – III, and femora I – III, showing terminology of the leg setae used here. Other parts of the thorax removed for clarity. Setae situated marginally are illustrated and named on both dorsal (lefthand) and ventral (right-hand) sides. Terminology for individual seta as used in the text obtained by combining the leg segment (larger font) and the setal name (smaller font). Abbreviations: a 1 – 5, anterior setae 1 – 5; cI – III, coxae I – III; d 1 – 3, dorsal setae 1 – 3; dm 1 – 4, distal marginal setae 1 – 4; fI – III, femur I – III; p 1 – 3, posterior setae 1 – 3; s 1 – 6, sensilla 1 – 6; tI – III, trochanter I – III; v 1 – 4, ventral setae 1 – 4.

FIGURES 453 – 456. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. & n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 453, male head, dorsal and ventral views, 454, dorsal view of frons. 455, partial male genitalia, ventral view; (parameres exclude, distorted in all males examined). 456, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 465 – 469. Schizosairhynchus erysichthoni n. gen. & n. sp. ex Aplonis metallica metallica: 465, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 466, male genitalia, dorsal view. 467, male mesosome, ventral view. 468, male paramere, dorsal view. 469, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviation: VS, ventral sclerite.

FIGURES 463 – 464. Schizosairhynchus erysichthoni n. gen. & n. sp. ex Aplonis metallica metallica: 463, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 464, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 451 – 452. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. & n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 451, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 452, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 377 – 378. Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776) ex Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris: 377, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 378, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 379 – 383. Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776) ex Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris: 379, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 380, male genitalia, dorsal view. 381, male mesosome, ventral view. 382, male paramere, dorsal view. 383, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 427 – 428. Buphagoecus husaini (Ansari, 1968) n. comb. ex Buphagus africanus africanus: 427, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 428, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURES 429 – 430. Buphagoecus husaini (Ansari, 1968) n. comb. ex Buphagus africanus africanus: 429, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 430, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.

FIGURES 431 – 436. Buphagoecus husaini (Ansari, 1968) n. comb. ex Buphagus africanus africanus: 431, male genitalia, dorsal view. 432, male mesosome, ventral view. 433, male parameres, dorsal view. Buphagoecus prominens (Ansari, 1968) n. comb. ex Buphagus erythrorhynchus erythrorhynchus: 434, male genitalia, dorsal view. 435, male mesosome, ventral view. 436, male paramere, dorsal view.

FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity).

FIGURES 459 – 462 Manucodicola semiramisae n. gen. & n. sp. ex Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus: 459, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 460, dorsal view of frons. 461, partial male genitalia, ventral view (parameres excluded, distorted in all males examined). 462, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.