Noronhia linocerioides H. Perrier

Hong-Wa, Cynthia, 2016, A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, Boissiera 70, pp. 1-292 : 151-152

44. Noronhia linocerioides H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 288. 1949 ( Fig. 30C ).

Typus: M ADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Près de Vatomandry , [19°20’S 48°59’E], IX.1921, Perrier de la Bâthie 14111 (holo-: P [ P00701478 ]!; iso-: P [ P00701477 , P00418112 ]!) .

Description

Trees to 14 m tall, trunk to 20 cm diameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.5-1.7 mm diameter, glabrous; bark medium gray, smooth. Leaves opposite, persistent; bud scales rarely persistent; blades medium green glossy above, lighter below, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 3.5-13 3 1.5-5.5 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base acute, margin flat to slightly undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen (0-) 2-17 mm long, midrib flat to slightly sunken above, distinctly raised above, secondary veins conspicuous, 5-14 per side, 5-21 mm apart, looping 1-5 mm from the margin; petiole orange to red, 4-15 3 0.6-2.5 mm, not woody, glabrous. Thyrses geminate to fasciculate, pauciflorous, compact to somewhat diffuse; peduncle 3-18 mm long, moderately to sparsely pubescent; pedicel 1.5-24 mm long, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent to glabrous outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 0.5-1.2 3 0.6-1.5 mm; corolla pale yellow, subrotate, 2.2-5 mm long, glabrous on both sides, the tube 0.5-2.3 mm long, lobes ovate, apex slightly acute; corona present, 1-1.8 mm long, undivided; stamens 1.2-2 mm long, anthers depressed obovate, 0.8-1.5 mm long; pistil 1.2-2.2 mm long, stigma slightly bilobed. Fruiting pedicel 3-23 3 0.4-2.5 mm; young fruits green, dark red when mature, ovoid, 8-17.5 3 6-15 mm, surface smooth, covered with white dots, apex bluntly pointed to rostellate; dry pericarp 0.2-1.6 mm thick; endocarp woody; seed 6-14 3 4-10 mm.

Distribution, ecology and phenology

Noronhia linocerioides occurs in low- to high-elevation humid forests in the east, from Daraina to Fort-Dauphin, and in the Sambirano region in the northwest ( Fig. 27 ). It produces flowers and fruits all year.

Conservation status

Noronhia linocerioides is widely distributed, ranging throughout almost the entire eastern part of Madagascar, the northeast, and the Sambirano region. Ninety-one collections representing 73 localities were available for analysis. With an EOO of 193,559 km 2, an AOO estimated at 268 km 2 but that is certainly much larger, and 50 subpopulations representing 43 locations, of which 15 occur within protected areas (Analalava, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Lokobe, Loky-Manambato, Makira, Makirovana, Mandena, Manombo, Masoala, Ranomafana, Ste Luce, Tsaratanana, Tsaratanana-Ambohimirahavavy-Corridor Marojejy, Tsitongambarika, and Zahamena), N. linocerioides is assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.

152

Notes

Noronhia linocerioides can be recognized by its reddish petioles, chartaceous leaf blades, and short-tubed, yellow flowers. It differs from N. brevituba by the shape of its leaves and flowers and the apex of its fruits, as discussed under that species. Most specimens placed in Olea ambrensis H. Perrier by GREEN (2002) fall within the range of morphological variation of N. linocerioides . Among these, Schatz 3605 (erroneously cited as Schatz 3405 in GREEN (2002), which is actually a collection of Sideroxylum betsimisarakum Lecomte ) is phylogenetically related to other specimens clearly belonging to Noronhia . linocieroides (HONG- WA & BESNARD, 2013, 2014). Thus, most specimens formerly recognized as Olea ambrensis are transferred here to Noronhia linocerioides , whereas others were also embedded within another clade comprising species of Noronhia (HONG- WA & BESNARD, 2013, 2014). Their placement is addressed below under N. olearia .

Additional specimens examined

MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Vinanivao , Masoala PN, 15°41’33”S, 50°13’30”E, 12-100 m, 15.IX.1996, Bernard 323 ( K, MO, P, TAN) ; Anjanaharibe-Sud RS, 10 km SW of Befingotra , 14°45’S 49°29’E, 1100-1300 m, 7.IX.1997, Birkinshaw et al. 467 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Antalaha , between Sahantaha and Andongozabe, 15°02’S 50°20’E, 10 m, 20.IX.1997, Birkinshaw 492 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Ambatobiribiry , [14°11’S 50°05’E], 50-345 m, 29-30.XI.1950, Humbert & Capuron 24420 ( G, MO, P) ; Masoala PN, Sahamalaza, Vinanivao , 15°35’S 50°25’E, 0 m, 18.IX.1994, Rahajasoa et al. 408 ( K, MO, TAN) ; Masoala PN, Andrombazaha , 15°16’S 50°29’E, 4.X.1994, Rahajasoa et al. 751 ( K, MO, P, TAN) ; Marojejy RNI, 14°02’30”S 49°48’20”E, 805 m, 8-16.VII.1994, Rasoavimbahoaka 328 ( K, MO, P, TAN) ; Marotolana , à 7 km à l’E de Beangona-Ambevy, 14°01’54”S 48°47’01”E, 700-1300 m, 26.XI.2000, Ratovoson 347 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Andapa, Bealampona , Anjanaharibe-Sud RS, 14°45’03”S 49°30’03”E, 875 m, 18.X.1994, Ravelonarivo et al. 394 ( G, K, MO, P, TAN) ; Sambava, Anjangoveratra, Antanandava , forêt de Bevagnana, 14°10’38”S 49°57’11”E, 417 m, 5. II.2011, Ravelonarivo et al. 3606 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Antalaha, Ambohitralanana, Sahafary , 15°17’27”S, 50°22’39”E, 29.IX.1997, Ravololonanahary & Zera 101 ( G, K, MO, P, TAN) ; Nosy-Be, Lokobe RNI, [13°24’S 48°19’E], 20. V.1952, Réserves Naturelles 4323 ( P, TAN) ; Andapa, Doany, Andranovola , [14°22’S 49°31’E], 0-400 m, 31.X.1967, Service Forestier 26451 ( MO, P, TEF) . Prov. Fianarantsoa: Manombo RS, 23°00’S 47°42’E, 5.III.2009, Hong-Wa et al. 613 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Ranomafana PN, Parcelle 1, S of Ambohimiera, 21°04’S 47°29’E, 880-1100 m, 15-17.IX.1992, Malcomber et al. 1561 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Ifanadiana , [21°18’S 47°37’E], 1000 m, 10.XII.1954, Service Forestier 13818 ( P, TEF) . Prov. Mahajanga: Matsoandakana, Andasinanantsomanga Amparihy , 14°55’34”S 49°24’59”E, 1155 m, 24. II.2008, Bernard 929 ( G, MO, P, TAN) . Prov. Toamasina: Maroantsetra, Anjahana , Ambanizana , 15°37’02”S 49°58’10”E, 20 m, 8. VI.2002, Antilahimena 1064 ( G, MO, P) ; Tampolo STF, 17°16’S 49°25’E, 0-10 m, 15.IV.1997, Birkinshaw et al. 421 A ( G, MO, P) ; Toamasina, [18°49’S 49°08’E], 3-5 m, 13.X.1946, Cours 2994 ( G, MO, P) ; Maroantsetra, Hiaraka , 15°30’S 49°55’E, 100 m, 11.X.1986, Lowry et al. 4070 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana , 15°38’S 49°58’E, 5-10 m, 10. II.1999, McPherson et al. 17546 ( G, K, MO, TAN) ; Soanierana-Ivongo, Manompana, forêt d’Andakibe , 16°47’06”S 49°44’18”E, 1.XI.2008, Nikolov 1780 ( MO, P) ; Ambila-Lemaitso , 18°49’S 49°08’E, 10 m, 3.VII.1995, Razafimandimbison 172 ( G, K, MO, P, TAN) ; 5-12 km SW of Maroantsetra , 15°30’S 49°39’E, 10 m, 28.XI.1987, Schatz 1796 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Fénérive-Est, Ambodimanga, Tampolo STF, 17°16’52”S 49°24’44”E, 10 m, 25.XI.1994, Schatz 3605 ( G, K, MO) ; Manakambahiny Est, Ranomainty , près de Nonokambo, [17°45’S 48°45’E], 24.XII.1967, Service Forestier 26558 ( MO, P, TEF) ; Tampolo STF, 17°17’S 49°23’E, 8.XI.1981, Service Forestier 32269 ( TEF) ; Ampasin’ Onibe, Mahatsara STF, 17°38’S 49°29’E, 19.X.1990, Service Forestier 34124 ( MO, TEF) ; 4 km S of Vatomandry , 18°53’49”S 49°07’43”E, 14 m, 10. I.2006, Tosh et al. 69 ( BR, K, MO, P, TAN) . Prov. Toliara: Fort-Dauphin, Lakandava , 24°58’13’’S 46°57’47’’E, 1.X.2000, Rabevohitra et al. 3723 ( G, MO) ; Mahatalaky, Sainte Luce , 24°08’04’’S 47°16’38’’E, 5 m, 9.XI.2006, Ramison et al. 28 ( G, MO, P, TEF) .

Figures

Fig.30.Photographs of Noronhia Stadtm.ex Thouars

Fig. 27. Distribution maps of species of Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars. N. intermedia Hong-Wa to N. macrocarpa Hong-Wa.