Chironomidae

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Madriz, Isaí, González, Christian R. & Amorim, Dalton De Souza, 2024, An update on the knowledge and general understanding of the Chilean Diptera diversity, Zootaxa 5518 (1), pp. 1-87 : 9-11

Chironomidae ( Fig. 9 )

The family comprises more than 6,000 species, grouped into 11 subfamilies and 540 extant genera ( Spies et al. 2009; Ekrem et al. 2017), of which, 10 subfamilies have been recorded in the Neotropical Region. The family was not published in the series of the CDASUS. The subfamily Chilenomyiinae is known only from the Nothofag us forest of southern Chile with only one species, Chilenomyia paradoxa Brundin. The genera Dicrotendipes Kieffer and Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau were cited by Contreras-Lichtenberg (1994) and Wiedenbrug et al. (1998) to Chile for the first time, respectively. In addition, these latter genera and the species Macropelopia (Bethbilbeckia) chilensis Andersen ( Andersen 2018) were not included in the world catalog of chironomids by Ashe & O’Connor (2009, 2012a, b, c). Other studies of chironomids in Chile were developed by various specialists, e.g., Andersen (1996) described new Monodiamesia Kieffer species from southern Chile; Andersen et al. (2011) described Nandeva digitifer Andersen, Saether et Contreras-Ramos , while Wiedenbrug et al. (2013) described two new species of Thienemaniella Kieffer: T. biobio Wiedenbrug Wiedenbrug, Lamas et Trivinho-Strixino and T. manihuales Wiedenbrug, Lamas et Trivinho-Strixino. Cranston & Krosch (2015) added the subgenera Araucanopsis and described the new species Podonomopsis (Araucanopsis) avelasse Cranston & Krosch. The genus Apelidium and the species A. griseistriatum Edwards were added by Donato et al. (2015). The revision of the genus Pentaneura Phillipi was conducted by da Silva & Ferrington (2018) with the revalidation of P. cinerea (Philippi) . Finally, Andersen et al. (2024) added a new species of Riethia to the Chilean fauna. A total of 185 (morpho)species in 57 genera are currently known from Chile ( Andersen et al. 2011; Ashe & O’Connor 2009, 2012a, b, c; Wiedenbrug et al. 2013; Cranston & Krosch 2015; Donato et al. 2015; da Silva & Ferrington Jr. 2018; Andersen et al. 2024). Culicidae ( Fig. 10 )

Worldwide, the family comprises more than 3,580 species, grouped into two subfamilies and 113 genera ( Harbach 2022). The taxonomy of the family has remained relatively stable although several changes have been made in the subfamily Anophelinae based on molecular data ( Foster et al. 2017). Different works, such as González & Sallum (2010) and González et al. (2015, 2017a, 2023b), have contributed to the knowledge of the family in Chile, for which three genera ( Aedes Meigen , Anopheles Meigen , and Culex Linnaeus ) and 12 species are cited ( González et al. 2016).

Figures

FIGURES 8–13. Culicomorpha and Perissommatomorpha of Chile: (8) Forcipomyia sp. (Ceratopogonidae, Photo by Matías Gargiulo); (9) Chironomidae (photo by Matías Gargiulo); (10) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus (Macquart) (Culicidae, photo by Claudio Maureira); (11) Cnesia sp. (Simuliidae, photo by Claudio Maureira); (12) Gigantodax brophyi (Edwards) (Simuliidae, photo by Claudio Maureira), and (13) Perissoma cf. congrua (Perissommatidae, photo by Claudio Maureira).