Sphaenorhynchus surdus ( Cochran, 1953 )

Toledo, Luís Felipe, Garcia, Paulo C. A., Lingnau, Rodrigo & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2007, A new species of Sphaenorhynchus (Anura; Hylidae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 1658, pp. 57-68 : 58-59

Sphaenorhynchus surdus ( Cochran, 1953)

Hyla aurantiaca surda Cochran, 1953 — Name-bearing type: holotype by original designation, UMMZ 106736, adult male according to original description, SVL 28 mm. – Type locality: "Curitiba, Paraná", Brazil. – Paratypes according to original description – UMMZ 104115, adult male collected with the holotype; UMMZ 104116 A – C, adult males collected in another site in the municipality of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. Herpetologica, 8: 112.

Other chresonyms:

Hyla aurantiaca : BOULENGER, 1888

Sphoenohyla surda : GOIN, 1957

Sphaenorhynchus surda : GORHAM, 1974

Sphoenorhynchus surdus : BOKERMANN, 1966:45

Holotype. MZUM 106736. Adult male. SVL 28 mm, collected at the municipality of Curitiba (approximately 25°25' S; 49°16' O), state of Paraná, Brazil ( Figure 1 ).

Diagnosis [as presented in Cochran (1953)] – No external tympanum; interorbital diameter twice the width of the upper eyelid; a dark dorsolateral line from snout almost to groin.

Description of Holotype. Provided by Cochran (1953).

Advertisement call. Adult males of S. surdus call from the floating vegetation, generally in the deepest portion of temporary or permanent ponds ( Figure 2 ). The advertisement call was described in words by Cochran (1953) as “hitting resonant rocks together quickly 4 or 5 times”. The advertisement call of S. surdus , recorded all over its distribution (municipalities of São Bento do Sul, Lebon Régis, Ponte Serrada, Urubici, Lages, and Lontras, all in the state of Santa Catarina, and municipality of São José dos Ausentes, state of Rio Grande do Sul), but in the type locality, has from 18 to 22 notes, ranging from 1.34 ± 0.13 kHz (range: 0.98 – 1.54; n = 27 notes; 1 male) to 3.41 ± 0.17 kHz (range: 3.17 – 3.85; n = 27 notes; 1 male). The mean dominant frequency is 2.29 ± 0.03 kHz (range: 2.24 – 2.37; n = 27 notes; 1 male). The duration of the call is about 1.7 seconds, but it depends on the number of notes in the calls. The mean duration of an individual note is 0.02 ± 0.004 s (0.01 – 0.03; n = 27 notes; 1 male). The first two notes differ from the remaining by having a much more pulsed structure. There is a short interval between the notes (mean: 0.07 ± 0.007 s; range: 0.05 – 0.08; n = 27 notes; 1 male) ( Table 1 ; Figure 3 ).

Species / Locality Duration of Frequency (kHz) Notes / call Duration of Interval Notes type (N) the call (s) or Pulses / the note (ms) between notes

note (ms) Minimum Maximum Dominant

Tadpole. Unknown.

Natural history. Males breed in the hot and rainy season of the year and call from the floating vegetation, generally in permanent ponds. The reproductive mode is probably number 1 (sensu Haddad & Prado 2005): eggs and exotrophic tadpoles in lentic water.

Geographic distribution. Besides the type locality, the species has also been collected in the municipalities of São Bento do Sul, Lebon Régis, Ponte Serrada, Urubici (based on advertisement call recordings), Lages, and Lontras, all in the state of Santa Catarina, and municipality of São José dos Ausentes, state of Rio Grande do Sul ( Figure 8 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Sphaenorhynchus surdus (UMMZ 106736) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views.

FIGURE 2. Adult male Sphaenorhynchus surdus calling in a permanent pond in the municipality of Lebon Régis, state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil.

FIGURE 3. Spectrogram (above) and waveform (below) of the advertisement call of Sphaenorhynchus surdus recorded at the municipality of Lebon Régis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

FIGURE 8. Geographic distribution of Sphaenorhynchus surdus (squares) and Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii sp. nov. (circles). The open symbols indicate the type localities of the two species. The gray triangle indicates the sympatric occurrence of both species. The abbreviations refer to the Brazilian states of São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS).

Tables

TABLE 1. Acoustical characteristics of the advertisement calls of Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii sp. nov. and S. surdus. Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range) when n> 2. The specific n value is indicated when it is different from that indicated in the first column.

S. surdus / notes type I (1 male / 4 calls / 27 notes)	Lebon Régis, SC	1.55–1.99	1.34±0.13 (0.98–1.54)	3.41±0.17 (3.17–3.85)	2.29±0.03 (2.24–2.37)	18–22	21.70±4.43 (13.0–32.0)	68.29±6.93 (52.0–86.0)
S. surdus / notes type II (1 male / 2 calls / 4 notes)	Lebon Régis, SC	–	1.12±0.05 (1.05–1.15)	3.69±0.17 (3.47–3.84)	2.40±0.02 (2.37–2.41)	8.75 ± 3.86 (5–14)	60.25±14.57 (44.0–74.0)	71.0±10.39 (58.0–82.0)
S. caramaschii (1 male / 3 calls / 30 notes)	Piraquara, PR	8.50±2.83 (5.23– 10.20)	0.94 ± 0.45 (0.11–1.57)	4.24 ± 0.40 (3.68–5.43)	2.62 ± 0.09 (2.49–2.76)	35.0±11.36 (22– 43)	0.54±0.01 (0.37–0.68)	220.9±44.3 (183–373)