Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880

Rosa, Paolo, Wisniowski, Bogdan & Xu, Zai-fu, 2015, Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, ZooKeys 486, pp. 1-100 : 38-40

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae

Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880 Figure 6

Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky 1880 (1879): 143.

Type locality.

“Caucase” [written in the introduction].

Holotype

♀ (not ♂) [box 62]: golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 9 [printed] // pulchra [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Spinolia magnifica Dah pulchra Rad [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks.

Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880 and Chrysis sulcata Radoszkovsky, 1866 nec Dahlbom, 1845 were synonymised with Chrysis lamprosoma Förster, 1853 [currently Spinolia ] by Mocsáry (1887: 16). Few years later Mocsáry (1896: 2) described Chrysis (Spinolia) dallatorreana based on the specimens housed in HNHM.

Spinolia dallatorreana is now found to be a synonym of Spinolia pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880. However, Spinolia dallatorreana is currently in use after Mocsáry’s monograph ( 1889), even if Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 551) placed it in synonymy with Spinolia insignis (Lucas, 1849). Only two authors accepted the synonym: Mingo (1994: 225) and Tyrner (2007: 49; (in Macek et al.) 2010: 66). Kimsey (1986: 106) designated the lectotype of Spinolia dallatorreana in MNHN, but Móczár (1964b: 448) already designated the lectotype, which is housed in HNHM and was checked.

In order to preserve the nomenclatural stability, we propose the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we consider Chrysis pulchra as nomen oblitum and Chrysis dallatorreana as nomen protectum. According to Code, the reversal of precedence can be applied only when the two following conditions are both met: when the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (Art. 23.9.1.1) and when the the junior synonym has been used in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (23.9.1.2).

In this case, Spinolia pulchra was never used again as a valid species name after 1887. Unfortunately, only 16 works citing Spinolia dallatorreana were published in the last 50 years (excluding other three papers dated from 1954 to 1959); on the other hand, at least 10 authors considered dallatorreana as a valid name: Kimsey (1983: 145; 1986: 106); Linsenmaier (1968: 41; 1969: 354; 1987: 144; 1997: 261; 1999: 96; sub Euchroeus (Spinolia) ); Mingo (1975: 135 sub Euchroeus (Spinolia) ); Móczár (1964b: 448; 1967: 62); Negru (1965: 198); Rosa (2005: 36; 2006b: 92); Schmidt (1977: 107); Strumia and Yildirim (2009: 85); Wiśniowski and Strumia (2007: 81). Other three authors listed and described Spinolia dallatorreana , but after the period of 50 years: Haupt (1956: 121), Linsenmaier (1959: 69) and Zimmermann (1954: 5). Since the conditions are not met, we apply to the Art. 23.9.3. of the Code: if the conditions of 23.9.1 are not met but nevertheless an author considers that the use of the older synonym or homonym would threaten stability or universality or cause confusion, and so wishes to maintain use of the junior synonym, he must refer the matter to the Commission for a ruling under the plenary power [Art. 81]. While the case is under consideration use of the junior name is to be maintained [Art. 82]. A paper with all the cases found in other museums will be soon forwarded to the ICZN. Meanwhile the name Spinolia dallatorreana must be maintained.

Current status.

Spinolia dallatorreana ( Mocsáry, 1896), nomen protectum.