Elytroleptus divisus ( LeConte, 1884 )

GRZYMALA, TRACI L. & MILLER, KELLY B., 2013, Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Elytroleptus Dugés (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini), Zootaxa 3659 (1), pp. 1-62 : 21-23

Elytroleptus divisus ( LeConte, 1884)

(Figs. 5, 33)

Pteroplatus divisus LeConte, 1884: 23 .

Elytroleptus divisus ; Leng, 1886: 32; Aurivillius, 1912: 456; Vogt, 1949: 175; Linsley, 1961b: 11; 1962a: 177; 1962b: 11; Chemsak & Linsley, 1965: 196; 1975: 109; 1982: 56; Hovore et al., 1987: 299; Chemsak et al., 1992: 82; Monné & Giesbert, 1995: 148; Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 402; Monné, 2005: 604; Monné & Hovore, 2006: 143.

Elytroleptus dichromaticus Linsley, 1961b: 13 , fig. 1; 1962b: 11; Chemsak & Linsley, 1965: 196; 1975: 110; 1982: 56; Chemsak et al., 1992: 82; Monné & Giesbert, 1995: 148; Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 402; Monné, 2005: 604; Monné & Hovore, 2006: 143. New Synonymy.

Type locality. United States, Texas, Dallas .

Type information. Holotype. Elytroleptus divisus ( MCZC, ♂) labeled: ‘Dallas, Texas/Type 3897/ P.divisus Lec .’ Holotype. Elytroleptus dichromaticus ( CASC, ♀) labeled: ‘ Queretaro Queretaro, Mex. VI-28-52/ E.E. Gilbert C.D. MacNeil Collectors / HOLOTYPE Elytroleptus dichromaticus Linsley / California Academy of Sciences Type No. 8943 .’

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species of Elytroleptus by the following combination of characters: 1) elytral margins subparallel, greatest width <1.5 × humeral angle width, 2) pronotal punctation shallow, with individual punctures strongly delimited, 3) pronotum without longitudinal lines of dense, appressed pubescence, and 4) elytron with deep, large punctation, 3–4 punctures between suture and costa I medially. This species most closely resembles E. humeralis and is distinguished by the deep elytral punctation (3–4 punctures at midline between suture and costa I instead of 4–5 punctures), the shallow instead of deep pronotal punctation, and the presence of sexually dimorphic gland pores on the pronota of males.

Description. Male. TL 6.3–11.2 mm, GW 2.0– 3.5 mm. Body elongate, subparallel, dorsoventrally flattened.

Head. HL 0.3–1.0 mm, HW 1.2–1.9 mm, DBE 0.8–1.3 mm, DBA 0.5–0.9 mm. Ferrugineous except apices of mandibles piceous. Finely punctate with short, sparse, suberect to erect, testaceous pubescence; gular region glabrous; rugose posterior to lower eye lobe. Antennal tubercles slightly raised, subtriangular, and separated by approximate width of four antennal sockets. Genal apices generally rounded, width greater than ½ height. Eyes moderately large, finely faceted, lower lobe with about 26 facets at greatest height; integument ventral to lower lobe about 0.4 × eye height; deeply emarginate at antennal insertion, with 2–3 facets at greatest emargination point. Antennae black, extending to approximately 3/5 elytral length, scape and antennomere III and IV subequal, scape with slight longitudinal, dorsal and ventral, median impressions; pedicel slightly less than 1/2 × scape length; antennomeres V and VI subequal, VIII and IX subequal; antennomeres V–X decreasing in length; antennomere XI subequal to VII and strongly appendiculate.

Thorax. PL 1.2–2.2 mm, PW 1.4–2.3 mm. Pronotum ferrugineous, width slightly greater than length, apical width subequal to basal width, lateral margins slightly angulate, widest medially. Pronotal disc shining, punctate, with short, erect, black pubescence arising from punctation; punctation on shining areas shallow to deep, individual punctures moderate to large in diameter, majority strongly delimited; oval, more densely punctate areas dorsad of lateral margins indicative of sexually dimorphic gland pores, often piceous; pronotal disc flat to slightly convex; sides impressed slightly in dorsal aspect, margin apparently elevated, calli absent. Pro-, meso-, and metasternum testaceous, shining, with sparse, erect, pale yellow to testaceous setae. Scutellum ferrugineous, small, subtriangular, length subequal to width, medially impressed, with short, sparse, black pubescence.

Wings. EL 4.8–8.0 mm. Elytron basal 2/5 yellow, apical 3/5 black extending obliquely to meet suture, margin irregular. About 3.8 × PL, width at humeral angles about 1.2 × PW. Elytron subparallel, greatest width <1.5 × width at humeral angle. Elytron with 3 distinct costae; from suture, costa I arising from anterior margin and extending to 3/5 elytral length, costa II arising from anterior margin and extending to 4/5 elytral length, costa III arising from humeral angle and extending to 4/5 elytral length; elytron with distinct deep punctation, 3–4 punctures medially between suture and costa I, becoming indistinct, shallower apically, subequal basally; elytron with sparse, short, erect pubescence, one seta per puncture, pale yellow to testaceous on pale-colored areas, black on dark-colored areas, outer elytral margins with pubescence more dense; elytral suture covered in sparse black pubescence. Metathoracic wing darkly tinted.

Abdominal Sternites. Dark brown to black, shining, finely punctate, covered in sparse, short, suberect, testaceous pubescence. Legs. Testaceous except tarsi, apex of mesotibia, metatibia, meso- and metafemur-tibial joints black. Femora covered in short, sparse, testaceous pubescence; tibia covered in short, sparse, black pubescence; tarsal pubescence recumbent and more dense. Metatibia straight, not strongly sinuate. Genitalia. Sternite VIII with sides gradually tapering towards apex, two slightly sinuate anterolateral areas (one on either side), often with slight concavity medially. Tergite VIII gradually tapering towards apex, lacking sinuate areas, often with slight concavity medially.

Female. TL 6.7–10.9 mm, GW 2.1–3.5 mm, HL 0.6–0.8 mm, HW 1.2–1.6 mm, DBE 0.6–1.0 mm, DBA 0.5– 0.8 mm, PL 1.2–2.0 mm, PW 1.3–2.2 mm, EL 4.9–8.1 mm. As male, except antennae extending slightly past 2/5 elytral length; pronotum lacking sexually dimorphic densely punctate oval area dorsad of lateral margins.

Intraspecific variation. Some individuals with supra-orbital areas piceous and head pubescence black. In males, sexually dimorphic punctation ranges from inconspicuous, confluent, and concolorous with pronotal disc to conspicuous, depressed, and piceous. Pronotum with some regions ferrugineous, testaceous, or black. Scutellum black. Elytra are variably colored from as described above to having yellow areas testaceous or rufo-testaceous, and black areas restricted to apical 1/5 and margin laterally instead of obliquely reaching suture. Abdominal sternites often testaceous. Leg coloration ranges from entirely piceous to entirely testaceous.

Remarks. This species appears to have the largest degree of polychromatic variation compared to other members of the genus. When the type specimens of E. divisus and E. dichromaticus were compared, E. divisus has the pronotal punctation shallower, the elytral apical 3/5 black extending obliquely to meet the suture, with the margin irregular whereas E. dichromaticus has slightly deeper pronotal punctation and only the elytral apical 1/5 black. After all specimens were examined in this study, these distinguishing characters were found to vary considerably between individuals of the species. Therefore, E. dichromaticus is synonymized.

Phylogenetic relationships. This species is sister to the clade containing the species E. pallidus , E. similis , E. apicalis , E. grandis , E. ignitus , E. limpianus , E. rufipennis , E. nigripennis , and E. quadricostatus . This phylogenetic relationship is supported by the male 8 th sternite length equal to or greater than the width (Character 21) ( Figs. 31 , 32 ).

Distribution. Southwestern USA (Texas) and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas) ( Fig. 33 ).

Natural history. Flight period April through July. Adults have been collected on flowers and foliage of plants in the families Fabaceae ( Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., Prosopis sp. ), Rhamnaceae ( Karwinskia humboldtiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Zucc. , Condalia hookeri M.C. Johnst. , Condalia obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Trel. ), and Sapotaceae ( Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. ).

Material examined. MEXICO, Coahuila: Saltillo , 1 ♂, 7.viii.1968, Bigelow, J. & Cazier, M.A. ( EMEC) ; Nuevo Leon: Apodaca , 1 ♀, 23.iv.1963, Hernandez, E. ( EMEC) ; Montemorelos , 1 ♀, 23.v.1952, Cazier, Gertsch, W. & Schrammel, R. ( AMNH) ; Monterrey, Huasteca Canyon , 4 ♂, 1 ♀, 11.vii.1963, 2.vii.1963, Howden, H.F. ( CNC) ; 6 ♂, 3 ♀, 11.vii.1963, 13.vii.1963, Arnett, R.H. & VanTassell, E. R. ( FSCA) ; 1 ♂, 13.vii.1963, Howden, A. T. ( EMEC) ; Vallecillo , 4 ♂, 1 ♀, 2–5.vi.1951, Evans, H.E. ( EMEC) ; 1 ♂, 24.vii.1938 ( AMNH) ; 1 ♂, 2.iv.1964 ( EMEC) ; 2 ♂, 8.vii.1986, Kovarik & Schaffner ( TAMU) ; San Luis Potosi: Matehula , 1 ♀, 16.viii.1995, Van den Berghe, E. ( DHPC) ; Tamaulipas: Bocatoma , 3 ♂, 2 ♀, 27–28.v.1979, Rice, Marlin ( TAMU) ; Ciudad Victoria , 3 ♂, 2 ♀, 15.vii.1955, Giuliani, D. ( CASC) ; 1 ♂, 1.vii.1981, Miller, B, Porter, C. & Stange, L. ( FSCA) ; Jimenez , 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 4.vi.1965, Bure, Meyer, & Schaeffner ( EMEC) ; 12 ♂, 6 ♀, 4.vi.1965, Burke, Meyer, & Schaeffner ( TAMU) ; Villagran , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 7.vi.1951, Evans, H.E. ( EMEC) ; 5 ♂, 7.vi.1951, Hurd, P.D. ( EMEC) ; 2 ♂, 25.v.1948, Werner, F. & Nutting, W. ( EMEC) ; USA, Texas: Bexar Co., Leon Valley , 5 ♂, 2 ♀, 18.vi.1983, Nelson, G.H. ( FSCA) ; San Antonio , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 30.v.2004, Peigler, R.S. ( TAMU) ; 1 ♂, v.1914 ( CMNH) ; Houston , 2 ♂, 27.v.1953, 31.v.1953, Wasbauer, M. ( EMEC) ; Salado Creek , 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 11.v.1952, Wasbauer, M. ( EMEC) ; 1 ♀, 25.v.1931, Parks, H.B. ( TAMU) ; Comal Co., New Braunfels , 1 ♂, ( CASC) ; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀, ( MCZC) ; Dallas Co., Dallas , 1 ♀ ,

viii.1999 ( USNM); Frio Co., Moore , 4 ♂, 6 ♀ , 30.vi.1991, 18.vi.1983, Nelson, G.H. ( FSCA); Pearsall , 1 ♂ , 31.v.1979, Wappes, J.E. ( ACMT); 1 ♂ , 27.v.1997, Nelson, G.H. ( FSCA); Hidalgo Co. , 2 ♂ , 11.v.1947, 14.vii.1946, Vogt, G.B. ( USNM); Kinney Co., Sycamore Creek , 2 ♂ , 30.v.1992, Heffern, D.J. ( DHPC); 1 ♂ , 5.v.1941, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( FMNH); Live Oak Co., Annarose , 1 ♂ , 28.iv.2008, Heffern, D.J. ( DHPC); Dinero , 1 ♂ , 21– 22.iv.2007, Heffern, D.J. ( DHPC); George West , 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 27.iv.1986, Heffern, D.J. ( TAMU); 1 ♂ , 27.iv.1986, Heffern, D.J. ( CMNH); 2 ♂ , 27.iv.1986, Heffern, D.J. ( RAAC); McMullen Co., Tilden , 1 ♂ , 11.v.1978, Wappes, J.E. ( EMEC); 1 ♂ , 11.v.1978, Wappes, J.E. ( ACMT); 2 ♀ , 11.v.1978, Downie, N.M. ( FMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 31.v.1979, Wappes, J.E. ( ACMT); 3 ♂, 1 ♀ , 31.v.1979, Downie, N.M. ( FMNH); 1 ♂ , 11.v.1978 ( ACMT); 1 ♂ , 11.v.1978 ( USNM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 1.vi.1979, Wappes, J.E. ( FSCA); 2 ♂, 1 ♀ , 1.vi.1979, Wappes, J.E. ( ACMT); 1 ♂ , 1.vi.1979, Wappes, J.E. ( TAMU); 1 ♂ , 1.vi.1979, Wappes, J.E. ( USNM); 2 ♂ , 1.vi.1979, Downie, N.M. ( FMNH); Presidio Co., Marfa , 2 ♂ ( MCZC) ; Starr Co., El Sauz, 1 ♀ , 10.v.1986, Heffern, D.J. ( DHPC); 2 ♂, 1 ♀ , 8.v.1986, Wappes, J.E. & Downie, N.M. ( USNM); 5 ♂, 1 ♀ , same except ( ACMT); 2 ♂ , same except ( EMEC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 8.v.1986, Downie, N.M. ( FMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , same except ( FSCA); 1 ♂, 2 ♀ , 26.iv.1986, Wappes, J.E. ( FSCA); 2 ♂, 1 ♀ , same except ( ACMT); 1 ♀ , same except ( EMEC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 16.v.1987, Wappes, J.E. ( FSCA); 1 ♂ , 29.iv.1998, Morris, R. ( RAAC); Falcon , 1 ♀ , 13.iv.1991, Heffern, D.J. ( DHPC); Roma , 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 16.v.1977, Giesbert, E. ( FSCA); same except, 1 ♀ , 2.v.1980, R.L. Penrose ( WFBM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ , 1.v.1982, 2.v.1982, Turnbow, R. ( FSCA); 1 ♂ , 10.v.1986, Heffern, D.J. ( DHPC); Laredo , 1 ♂ , 24.iv.1947, Vogt, G.B. ( USNM); 5 ♂, 4 ♀ , 3.v.1947, 24.v.1947, Vogt, G.B. ( USNM); Uvalde Co., Uvalde , 1 ♀ , 18.v.1965 ( CASC); 1 ♀ , 5.v.1999, Androw, R. & Clark, S. ( RAAC); 1 ♂ , 14.vi.1983, Dozier, B.K. ( FSCA); 1 ♀ ( SEMC) ; 11 ♂, 13 ♀, 11.v.1946, 3.v.1941, 23.v.1948, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( FMNH); Webb Co., Laredo , 1 ♂ , 5.iv.1965 ( LACM); 1 ♂ , 14–20.v.1948, Werner, F. & Nutting, W. ( MCZC); Zapata Co., Falcon St. Park, 2 ♀ , 24.v.1997, Nelson, G.H. ( FSCA); 2 ♂, 1 ♀ , 7.v.1977, Riley, R.H. ( TAMU); 1 ♂ , 31.v.1951, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( FMNH); 7 ♂, 2 ♀, ( MCZC) ; 1 ♂, 23.iv.1914, Grant, C. ( FMNH); 3 ♂, 6 ♀ ( AMNH) ; 1 ♀ ( CMNH) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Schaeffer, C. ( USNM); 6 ♂ , Cazier ( AMNH); 2 ♂ ( CASC) ; 1 ♂ ( CMNH) ; 1 ♂, Smith, J.B. ( USNM); 1 ♀ ( USNM).

Figures

FIGURE 31. Three of six most parsimonious trees retrieved from phylogenetic analysis of Elytroleptus (L = 59, CI = 50, RI = 75). Numbers above branches are characters and numbers below branches are character states. Characters are optimized for

FIGURE 32. Strict consensus for six most parsimonious cladograms resulting from cladistic analysis of Elytroleptus. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values.

FIGURE 33. Distribution map for Elytroleptus apicalis and Elytroleptus divisus.