Kakothrips acanthus Berzosa, 1994

Negiş, İnci Şahin, 2023, Kakothrips acanthus Berzosa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Türkiye, with an illustrated key to the species of Kakothrips, Zootaxa 5258 (1), pp. 141-145 : 142-144

Kakothrips acanthus Berzosa

Kakothrips acanthus Berzosa, 1994: 77 .

Material examined: Türkiye, Konya, Selçuklu, Sarıcalar , 1 female from Triticum aestivum , 1.vý.2016 (İnci Şahin Negiş) .

Diagnostic characters of this specimen. Female (macroptera), body colour almost as described by Berzosa. Body dark brown ( Fig. 14 ), including middle and hind legs, fore femora, and antennal segments I–II, the rest of antennal segments, fore tibiae, and tarsi, from light brown to brown. Fore wings are not uniformly coloured, being slightly darker in basal than apical half ( Fig. 14 ). The following measurements in microns of this specimen are smaller than those given by Berzosa (1994): length (width): head 128 (142) vs 148–162 (153–167); pronotum, 144 (212) vs 160–200 (195–243); antennal segments I–II 23 (27) and 35 (25) vs 21–26 (28–32) and 35–42 (28–30), III– IV 53 (21) and 46 (21) vs 60–67 (23–26) and 53–58 (21–23), V–VI 35 (17) and 45 (17) vs 37–42 (18–22) and 46–52 (21–22), VII–VIII 8 (7) and 15 (5) vs 8–9 (8–9) and 14–17 (7): lengths: antenna 269 vs 304–323; fore wing 807 vs 902–1083; total body (extended) 1635 vs 1846–2083; interocellar setae 55 vs 70–77; longest postocular setae 42 vs 35–49; posteroangular pronotal setae, outer (inner) 56 (70) vs 70–93 (77–93); longest pronotal posteromarginal setae 28 vs 41–56; tergite IX S 1 setae 110, S 2 123 and S 3 119 vs S 1 146–165, S 2 151–167 and S 3 151–172; fore wing first vein setal number 18 vs 21–27.

Comments. The most significant diagnostic characters of K. acanthus are the hook-shaped tooth on the fore tarsi, and spurs on the middle and hind tibiae ( Figs 1, 5, 6 ). Females of borberae and acanthus are similarly brown in colour, and males have two median pairs of spurs, also one pair of median dorsal setae on abdominal tergite IX. The two species differ in the chaetotaxy of the pronotum: acanthus has three pairs of small setae between the major posteromedian and posteroangular setae (absent in borberae ), also discal setae are present on the pronotum (absent in borberae ). Moreover, K. borberae is known only from micropterae, whereas the adults of other species are macropterous. Metanotal campaniform sensilla are present on five species ( acanthus , pisivorus , priesnerorum , priesneri and dentatus ) but absent in firmoides and borberae (unknown in dolosus ). In three species, acanthus , priesneri , and dentatus postocular setae S 4 are longer than the others, but in borberae and pisivorus only setae S 3 and in dolosus both S 2 and S 4 are long. The males of borberae , pisivorus , priesneri , priesnerorum , and firmoides can be identified by their rounded or oval pore plates located on sternite III–VI, in contrast to the pore plates on sternite III–VII of males in dolosus , dentatus , and acanthus .

Key to Kakothrips species

1. Micropterous; pronotum without discal setae, also without small setae between the major median and posteroangular setae............................................................................... borberae Marullo & Ravazzi

-. Macropterous; pronotum with discal setae present, also 2–3 pairs of small setae between the major median posteromarginal and posteroangular setae.................................................................................. 2

2. Fore tarsi with finger-like tooth at apex of second segment ( Fig. 1 ), or triangular tooth at base of pulvillus ( Fig. 2 ); pronotum posterior margin with mostly 1–2 small setae between major setal pair; male sternites III–VI with pore plates............ 3

-. Fore tarsi with sickle-shaped tooth or triangular tooth at apex of pulvillus ( Figs 3, 4 ); pronotum posterior margin without small setae between major setal pair; male sternites III–VII with pore plates........................................... 5

3. Pronotum anteroangular setae clearly longer than anteromarginal setae; middle and hind tibiae ventral apical edge each with two spurs similar in shape and length ( Figs 5, 6 )................................................ acanthus Berzosa

-. Pronotum anteroangular setae as long as or slightly shorter than anteromarginal setae; hind tibiae ventral apical edge with two spurs, middle tibiae with corresponding setae clearly weaker and shorter ( Figs 7, 8 ) or without spur-like thickened setae... 4

4. Five pairs of postocular setae, only setae S 4 much stronger than others; abdominal tergite VIII comb complete................................................................................................... dentatus Knechtel

-. Four pairs of postocular setae, setae S 2 and S 4 longer than others; abdominal tergite VIII comb short and spare................................................................................................... dolosus Berzosa

5. Pulvillus at apex with sickle-shaped tooth; tergite IX with short mediodorsal setae between anterolateral and discal campaniform sensilla ( Fig. 15 ); tergite VIII of male laterally without any extension........................................... 6

-. Pulvillus at apex with a small blunt tooth or a stool-like formation; tergite IX without short mediodorsal setae; tergite VIII of male laterally with thick, thorn-like process................................................................ 7

6. Fore wings light grey or light grey-brown; pronotum anterior margin with two small setae between two major setae; metanotum without campaniform sensilla............................................................. firmoides Priesner

-. Fore wings monochrome brown; pronotum without small setae between two major antero marginal setae; metanotum with campaniform sensilla................................................................. priesnerorum Bournier

7. Antennal segment IV brown ( Fig. 9 ); fore tibiae ventrally on distal half with two longitudinal rows of thickened setae ( Fig. 3 ); female sternite III with two small pore plates ( Fig. 11 ); male tergite IX with two thickened, dark, spine-like discal setae ( Fig. 10 )................................................................................... priesneri Pelikan

-. Antennal segment IV yellow or yellowish brown ( Fig. 12 ); fore tibiae ventrally without rows of thickened setae, all setae thin ( Fig. 4 ); female sternite III without pore plates; male tergite IX discal setae normal, thin, and pale ( Fig. 13 )................................................................................................. pisivorus (Westwood)

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. Kakothrips species. Tarsal tooth 1–4: (1) acanthus (right), (2) dentatus (right), (3) priesneri (left) with longitudinal rows of thickened setae on tibia, (4) pisivorus (left). Middle and hind tibial spurs or setae of acanthus 5–6: (5) Middle (6) Hind. Middle and hind tibial spurs or setae of dentatus 7–8: (7) Middle (8) Hind. Characters of priesneri 9–11: (9) female antenna (left), (10) male tergite IX discal setae, (11) female sternite III pore plates. Characters of pisivorus 12–13: (12) female antenna (left), (13) male tergite IX discal setae. Characters of acanthus 14–15: (14) female, (15) tergite IX mediodorsal setae.