Dryocosmus liyingi Melika &Tang, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 123-130

Dryocosmus liyingi Melika &Tang sp. n. Figures 105-112 , 113-117 , 118-121

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex Quercus morii , 25.IV.2011 (TWT501), 24°04'49.68"N, 121°10'14.03"E, 2217m, ex multi-chamber leaf-swelling on young bud (AGWP-Morpho30), em. 1.V.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang. 18 female and 16 male PARATYPES: 1 female and 1 male paratypes with the same labels as holotype; 5 male paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex. multi- chambered leaf swelling at young bud on Quercus morii (AGWP-Morpho30), 24°05'26.6"N, 121°10'28.9"E, 2114m, gall collected 20.III.2012 (TWT580), adult emerged 23.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 15 female and 8 male paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex multi-chambered leaf swelling at young bud on Quercus morii (AGWP-Morpho30), 24°05'26.6"N, 121°10'28.9"E, 2114m, gall collected 20.III.2012 (TWT580), adult emerged 26.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 female and 2 male paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Cuifeng, Renai Township, ex multi-chambered leaf swelling at young bud on Quercus morii (AGWP-Morpho30), 24°05'26.6"N, 121°10'28.9"E, 2114m, gall collected 20.III.2012 (TWT580), adult emerged 27.III.2012, leg. Chang-Ti Tang.

The female holotype, 5 female and 3 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 5 female and 7 male paratypes in PHMB, 3 female and 3 male paratypes in USNM, 5 female and 3 male paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology.

Named after Liying Mountain in Renai Township, Nantou Co., Taiwan, where it was first recorded.

Diagnosis.

Dryocosmus liyingi resembles Dryocosmus crinitus , see Diagnosis for Dryocosmus crinitus . The species is also similar to Dryocosmus sakureiensis . In Dryocosmus liyingi the mesopleuron lacks striae and in Dryocosmus sefuriensis the mesopleuron is striate anteromedially.

Description.

Sexual female:

Head color: dark brown except for lighter lower face and clypeus, mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown, except for lighter tegula and propodeum, legs yellowish. Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.90. Head width / head height: 1.17. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous; alutaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.83. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.32. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.06. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.10. OOL / LOL: 2.05. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.44. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 0.80. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.28. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: glossy. Clypeus shape anterior view: pentagonal. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: alutaceous, impressed above torulus. Frons pilosity density: glabrous. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: alutaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, elongated. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: coriaceous medially. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: NOT CODED. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 0.82. F1 length / pedicel length: 2. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11>F12. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: 0.85. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F13 length / F12 length: 1.36. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.15.

Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.03. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: crenulate. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: 1.00. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): alutaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: smaller than one. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: absent. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.5. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: 6-10. Postacetabular suclus count: present. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: alutaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: rugose. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 0.9. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with longitudinal rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, strongly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: lateral propodeal area alutaceous. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.78. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown proximally, lighter distally. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 0.40. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: NOT CODED. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.10-2.20 mm (n=5).

Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma dark brown, with lighter lower face and mouth parts; metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.17. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Body length: 1.8-1.9 mm (n=5).

Gall (Fig. 121 ): The gall resembles the sexual galls of Dryocosmus sefuriensis . The gall is a cluster of multiple larval chambers, and covered by bud scales and young leaves in a bud. The infected bud becomes thicker and the young shoot will not develop, providing a clue to search for galls on the host-plant. The mature gall is yellowish-white.

Biology.

Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from late March to late April. Adults emerged from galls in the laboratory immediately after collection. Galls are on Quercus morii and Quercus sessilifolia .

Distribution.

Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County.

Figures

Figures 105 - 112. Dryocosmus liyingi sp. n. 105 - 108 head, female: 105 frontal view 106 dorsal view 107 posterior view 108 lateral view 109 - 110 head, male: 109 frontal view 110 dorsal view 111 - 112 antenna: 111 female 112 male.

Figures 113 - 117. Dryocosmus liyingi, female, sp. n. 113 mesosoma, lateral view 114 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 115 mesoscutum, dorsal view 116 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 117 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view (tps = transverse pronotal sulcus, dms = disc of mesoscutellum).

Figures 118 - 121. Dryocosmus liyingi sp. n. 118 fore wing, part, female 119 - 120 metasoma, female: 119 lateral view 120 ventral view 121 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang).