Lepidocyrtinus scheepersae, Cipola & Morais & Bellini, 2020

Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, Morais, José Wellington De & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2020, Review of Lepidocyrtinus Börner, 1903 (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Seirinae): the African species, Zootaxa 4898 (1), pp. 1-110 : 61-70

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4898.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3F66CE1D-1036-4226-BC28-029F9961E069
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4421076
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B6687A7-FFD6-FFC4-FF12-D4ECFE0FFA54
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Lepidocyrtinus scheepersae
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Lepidocyrtinus scheepersae View in CoL sp. nov. Cipola & Bellini

Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 , 50–54 View FIGURE 50 View FIGURE 51 View FIGURE 52 View FIGURE 53 View FIGURE 54 , Tables 1 View TABLE 1 and 4 View TABLE 4

Type Material. Holotype female on slide ( SAM / IZIKO: SAM-ENW-C009786): South Africa, Cape Town, Somerset West, Helderberg Nature Reserve , 34°03’40’’S, 18°52’20’’E ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ), Southern Afrotemperate Forest , 142 m, 13.xi.2017, beating and aspirating, A. Liu coll. 22 paratypes: 2 females on slides and 5 specimens in alcohol ( SAM / IZIKO: SAM-ENW-C009786); 2 females on slides ( SAM / IZIKO: SAM-ENW-C009786 donated to INPA- CLL 000033 ), same date as holotype; 2 females and 1 juvenile in slides and 8 specimens in alcohol ( SAM / IZIKO: SAM-ENW-C009785), same data as holotype, except 17.x.2017. GoogleMaps

Diagnosis. Body with dark bands on distal and proximal Ant III–IV and femur III distally ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 ); head mac A0, A2–3, A5, M1–2, M4i and S0–6 present; prelabral chaetae ciliated; labial papilla E with l.p. apically fingershaped and not reaching the base of a.a. ( Figs 51 View FIGURE 51 C–D); basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae R (subequal to others), E, L1–2 ciliated; Th II projected anteriorly and with 12–14 anterior, 8 median (m1ip, m4–4p present, m4i mac absent) and 12–13 posterior mac (p2ep and p3 as mac); Th III–Abd II with 11, 6, 4 central mac respectively; Abd IV with 16 central mac and 15–17 lateral mac ( Figs 52 View FIGURE 52 , 53B View FIGURE 53 ); unguis a.t. present; unguiculus pe lamella serrated and with a small proximal tooth; collophore anteriorly with 11 spine-like chaetae and 4 ciliated chaetae apically acuminate, posteriorly without spines, smooth chaeta present ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ); manubrium ventrally with 2/2 subapical chaetae; manubrial plate with 3 blunt mac apically nipple-like; dens with 11–13 blunt mac apically nipple-like ( Figs 54 View FIGURE 54 F–G).

Description. Total length of body (head + trunk) 3.25–3.71 mm (n=4), holotype 3.71 mm. Specimens pale white with dark brownish to bluish pigments on distal and proximal Ant III–IV, distal Ant II, anterior and posterior regions of eyepatches, and dark blue pigments on coxa I and tibiotarsus I–III distally; eyepatches dark ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 ). Scales present on Ant I to proximal two thirds of Ant III, proximal one quarter of Ant IV, ventral and dorsal head, dorsal trunk, legs (except empodium), anterior collophore, ventral and dorsal manubrium and dens ventrally.

Head. Antennae longer than the trunk length ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 ); ratio antennae: trunk = 1: 0.84–0.87 (n=4), holotype 1: 0.84; antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.31–1.52: 2.29–2.74: 2.97–3.18, holotype 1: 1.35: 2.29: 2.97. Ant IV annulated on distal three quarters, with apical bulb apically unilobed. Ant III annulated on distal two thirds, apical organ with 2 elongated rods, 3 spiny guard sens, s-blunt sens of different sizes and ciliated chaetae. Ant I dorsally with 5 median mac and 3 smooth mic at the base, without spines ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ). Eyes A and B larger, G and H slightly smaller, others subequal, and with 5 ‘IO’ chaetae; head dorsal macrochaetotaxy with 11–12 An, 4 A, 4 M and 8 S mac ( Fig. 51D View FIGURE 51 ). Clypeal formula with 4 (l1–2), 13–17 (ft), 3 (pf0–1) ciliated chaetae, l1–2 and pf0–1 larger than others, l1 apically acuminate, 1–3 ft smaller, others subequal ( Fig. 51B View FIGURE 51 ). Prelabral chaetae ciliated and not bifurcated. Labral p0 chaeta rarelly with minute median filament. Labral papillae with two inner conical projections, outer papillae absent. Maxillary palp with smooth t.a. and b.c. weakly ciliated, thicker and 1.08 longer than the t.a. Labial papilla E with l.p. apically finger-shaped and not reaching the base of a.a. ( Fig. 51C View FIGURE 51 ). Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1–2, R (subequal to others), E, L1–2 ciliated. Ventral head with about 29 ciliated chaetae, postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 3 (H2–4), 3 (J1–3) chaetae, 13 thin posterior chaetae, and 1 larger b.c. surrounding the cephalic groove ( Fig. 51E View FIGURE 51 ).

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Fig. 52 View FIGURE 52 A–B). Th II projected anteriorly, a, m and p series with 12–14, 8 and 12–13 mac, respectively. Th III a, m and p series with 4, 1 and 9 mac, respectively. Ratio Th II: III = 2.11–1.67: 1 (n=4), holotype 2.11: 1.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 52 View FIGURE 52 C–D, 53A–C). Abd I a, m and p series with 1, 5 and 0 mac, respectively. Abd II a, m and p series with 1, 4 and 0 mac, respectively. Abd III a, m and p series with 1, 3 and 1 mac, respectively. Abd IV with 16 central mac on A– T series and 15–17 lateral mac on E– Fe series; at least 3 posterior sens (ps type I, others type II) and 8 posterior mes. Abd V a, m and p series with 1, 4 and 1/5 mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 3.86–4.62 (n= 4), holotype 1: 4.04.

Legs. Subcoxa I with 6 chaetae on a row and 2 psp; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 13 chaetae, posterior row of 7 chaetae and 6 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 12 chaetae, 4 anterior chaetae and 2 posterior psp ( Fig. 54 View FIGURE 54 A–C). Trochanteral organ with about 67 spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 54D View FIGURE 54 ). Tibiotarsus not subdivided, outer side with 5 larger ciliated chaetae apically acuminate, inner side with 7 mac weakly ciliated. Unguis with 4 inner teeth, b.t. larger, m.t. subequal to a.t. in length. Unguiculus with all lamellae smooth and acuminate, except pe serrated and with a small proximal tooth; ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.54. Tibiotarsal smooth chaeta 1.79 larger than unguiculus and tenent hair 0.69 smaller than unguis outer edge.

Collophore. Anterior side with 21–23 chaetae, 11 proximal spine-like chaetae, 1 thin and 3–5 ciliated chaetae, 4 ciliated chaetae apically acuminate and 2 mac distally; posterior side with 15 chaetae (2 unpaired), 14 thin ciliated chaetae widely distributed and 1 smooth chaeta distally; lateral flap with about 44 chaetae, 8 smooth and 36 ciliated ( Fig. 54E View FIGURE 54 ).

Furcula. Manubrium ventral formula with 0, 0, 0, 2/2 (subapical), 20–22 (apical) ciliated chaetae of different sizes plus approximately 15 elongated apical scales per side ( Fig. 54F View FIGURE 54 ); manubrial plate with 3 blunt mac finely ciliated and apically nipple-like, 14 ciliated chaetae of different sizes and 3 psp. Dens dorsally with one proximal row of 11–13 blunt mac finely ciliated and apically nipple-like, holotype with 11–13 ( Fig. 54G View FIGURE 54 )

Etymology. The new species is named after the Collembola researcher Dr. Charlene Janion-Scheepers (SAM/ IZIKO, South Africa), who provided us specimens of the new species.

Remarks. Considering the continental taxa from Africa, L. scheepersae sp. nov. resembles L. barnardi and L. marephila ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov. in Th II with 6 median mac in m1–2 complex and Abd I–II with 6 and 4 central mac, respectively ( Table 4 View TABLE 4 ). Lepidocyrtinus scheepersae differs from these species by head mac Pp5 absent (present in L. barnardi ), Th II projected anteriorly (normal in L. barnardi and L. marephila ) and with 12–13 posterior mac (15–16 in L. barnardi , 15 in L. marephila ). In Th III it differs by 11 central mac (10 in L. barnardi , 12 in L. marephila ), and Abd IV with 16 central mac (10–11 in L. barnardi ). It also differs in ventral manubrium only with ciliated chaetae (3 distal smooth chaetae in L. marephila ) and dens with 11–13 blunt chaetae (2–3 in L. marephila , 13–19 in L. barnardi ).

Lepidocyrtinus scheepersae also resembles L. betamponensis sp. nov. from Madagascar in habitus, color pattern with distal spots of pigment on femur III, overall chaetotaxy pattern and other general morphology ( Figs 50–54 View FIGURE 50 View FIGURE 51 View FIGURE 52 View FIGURE 53 View FIGURE 54 , 72–76 View FIGURE 72 View FIGURE 73 View FIGURE 74 View FIGURE 75 View FIGURE 76 ). However, L. scheepersae differs from this species by dorsal head mac S4 present (absent in L. betamponensis ), prelabral chaetae ciliated and basomedian labial fields with chaetae E ciliated (both smooth in L. betamponensis ). It differs also by dorsal chaetotaxy of the Th III–Abd II with 11, 6, 4 central mac, respectively (8–10, 1–2, 3– 4 in L. betamponensis ) and Abd IV with 16 central mac (12 in L. betamponensis ). Other differences between them are: collophore anteriorly with 11 spine-like chaetae but absent on posterior side in the new species (9 anterior and 8 posterior in L. betamponensis ) and manubrial plate and dens with blunt mac apically nipple-like (apically bullet-like and abruptly acuminate at the apex in L. betamponensis ).

Key to continental African species of Lepidocyrtinus

1 Abd I with 3 or less central mac ( Fig. 41C View FIGURE 41 )................................................................. 2

- Abd I with 5 or more central mac ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 , 15C View FIGURE 15 )........................................................... 9

2 Th III with 3 central; Abd I without mac................................................................... 3

- Th III with 4 or more central mac; Abd I with at least 1 central mac ( Fig. 41 View FIGURE 41 B–C).................................. 4

3 Th II with 3 central mac in a triangle shape; Th II normal; unguis a.t. present.......... L. metala ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

- Th II with 3 central mac in a linear shape; Th II projected anteriorly; unguis a.t. absent. L. tsikama ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

4 Abd I–II with 1 and 3 central mac, respectively ( Figs 41 View FIGURE 41 C–D).................................................. 5

- Abd I with 2–3 central mac, Abd II with 2 or 4 central mac ( Fig. 35D View FIGURE 35 )........................................... 6

5 Th II with 4–5 posterior mac ( Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 ); Th III with 4 central mac ( Fig. 41B View FIGURE 41 ); unguiculus pe lamella serrated................................................................................................... L. fabioi sp. nov.

- Th II with 8 posterior mac; Th III with 6 central mac; unguiculus pe lamella smooth but with one proximal tooth.................................................................................. L. rykei ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

6 Abd I with 2 central mac............................................................................... 7

- Abd I with 3 central mac............................................................................... 8

7 Th II with 4 mac in m1–2 complex and 8 posterior mac; Th III with 4 central mac (as Fig. 41B View FIGURE 41 ); Abd II with 4 central mac (as Fig. 35D View FIGURE 35 )................................................................ L. annela ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

- Th II with with 5 mac in m1–2 complex 10 posterior mac; Th III with 8 central mac; Abd II with 2 central mac................................................................................ L. mathewsi ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

8 Th II with 10 posterior mac (PmA–C group); Th III with 9 central mac, p1i and p3 mac present; dens dorsally with 4 modified mac................................................................ L. metarsiosa ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

- Th II with 9 posterior mac (PmA–C group); Th III with 7 central mac, p1i and p3 mac absent; dens dorsally with 2–3 modified mac................................................................. L. vaneedeni ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

9 Abd I with 6–7 central mac ( Fig. 52C View FIGURE 52 ).................................................................... 10

- Abd I with 5 central mac ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 )..................................................................... 13

10 Th II with 6 median mac in m1–2 complex ( Fig. 15A View FIGURE 15 ); Abd I with 6 central mac ( Fig. 52C View FIGURE 52 ); unguiculus pe lamella serrated (as Fig. 37F View FIGURE 37 )........................................................................................... 11

- Th II with 5 median mac in m1–2 complex (as in Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ); Abd I with 7 central mac; unguiculus pe lamella smooth (as Fig. 12C View FIGURE 12 )................................................................... L. lindei ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

11 Head with S4 mac ( Fig. 14F View FIGURE 14 ); Th III with 11 or less central mac ( Fig. 52B View FIGURE 52 ); dens with 10 or more modified mac ( Fig. 17G View FIGURE 17 ).. .................................................................................................. 12

- Head devoid of S4 mac (as Fig. 19E View FIGURE 19 ); Th III with 12 central mac; dens with 2–3 modified mac............................................................................................. L. marephila ( Coates, 1968) comb. nov.

12 Prelabral chaetae smooth ( Fig. 14D View FIGURE 14 ); head with Pp5 mac ( Fig. 14F View FIGURE 14 ); Abd IV with 10–11 central mac ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ); manubrial plate without modified mac ( Fig. 17G View FIGURE 17 )................................................. L. barnardi ( Womersley, 1934)

- Prelabral chaetae ciliated; head without Pp5 mac ( Fig. 51D View FIGURE 51 ); Abd IV with 16 central mac ( Fig. 53B View FIGURE 53 ); manubrial plate with 3 modified mac ( Fig. 54G View FIGURE 54 )............................................................. L. scheepersae sp. nov.

13 Th II with 5 median mac in m1–2 complex ( Figs 12A View FIGURE 12 , 47A View FIGURE 47 ).................................................. 14

- Th II with 6 median mac in m1–2 complex ( Fig. 35A View FIGURE 35 )....................................................... 15

14 Th II PmA and PmC groups with 6 and 2 mac (p3 as mic), respectively; Th III with p1p2 mac absent ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 47 A–B); unguiculus pe lamella serrated (as in Fig. 37F View FIGURE 37 )................................................... L. paucisensillum sp. nov.

- Th II PmA and PmC groups with 5 and 3 mac (p3 as mac), respectively; Th III with p1p2 mac ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ); unguiculus pe lamella smooth ( Fig. 12C View FIGURE 12 )................................................................. L. ryozoi nom. nov.

15 Th III with 11 central mac ( Fig. 20B View FIGURE 20 ).................................................................... 16

- Th III with 9 or less central mac ( Fig. 25B View FIGURE 25 )................................................................ 17

16 Th II with 18–20 posterior mac ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ); unguis a.t. absent and unguiculus pe lamella serrated; manubrial plate devoid of modified mac ( Fig. 22G View FIGURE 22 )................................................................ L. dayi ( Yosii, 1959)

- Th II with 16 or less posterior mac; unguis a.t. present and unguiculus pe lamella smooth (as in Fig. 12C View FIGURE 12 ); manubrial plate with 2–3 modified mac...................................................... L. grisea ( Womersley, 1934) comb. nov.

17 Head dark and trunk with a pattern of spots of pigment (e.g. Fig. 23A View FIGURE 23 ; Womersley 1934, pag. 462); Th II PmA group with 7 mac............................................................................................... 18

- Head pale and trunk without a clear pattern of spots of pigment (e.g. Fig. 32 View FIGURE 32 ); Th II PmA group with 6 mac............. 19

18 Th II PmC group with 2 mac; Th III with 9 central mac ( Figs 25 View FIGURE 25 A–B); manubrial plate and dens with 3 and 5–7 modified mac, respectively ( Fig. 29C View FIGURE 29 ).................................................................. L. africanus sp. nov.

- Th II PmC group with 4 mac; Th III with 8 central mac; manubrial plate and dens with 1–2 and 2–3 modified mac, respectively......................................................................... L. capensis Womersley, 1934

19 Femur and tibiotarsus III distally with dark violet pigments; manubrial plate with 2–3 modified mac ( Fig. 11B View FIGURE 11 )........................................................................................ L. annulicornis (B̂rner, 1903)

- Legs pale ( Fig. 32 View FIGURE 32 ); manubrial plate with 1 modified mac ( Fig. 38C View FIGURE 38 ).......................... L. botswanensis sp. nov.

Remarks. The species as L. armillatus ( Wahlgren, 1908) and L. laetus (B̂rner, 1908), L. annulipes Handschin, 1929 and L. flavovirens (B̂rner, 1903), are herein transferred to Lepidocyrtinus due to the presence of Ant III–IV annulated, unguis with a pair of large laterobasal teeth, dens dorsally with modified mac (at least in the first two species), and overall macrochaetotaxy pattern (known only to the last two species) (see B̂rner 1903; Wahlgren 1908; Denis 1924; Handschin 1929; Yosii 1959; Coates 1968). However, such species are not included in the key because they are in need to be redescribed, since previous descriptions are insufficient to establish specific diagnoses to them.

In this sense, some Seira species from Africa which have Ant III and IV annulated and large laterobasal teeth on unguis, but also have poor descriptions unable to clarify their position among the Seirinae , such as S. addoensis Coates, 1968 , S. eleana Coates, 1968 , S. ethiopica ( Denis, 1924) and S. laeta (B̂rner, 1908) may also represent Lepidocyrtinus taxa as well. For this dubious condition, they are herein maintained as Seira s. lat., as well as other species from India described in Lepidocyrtinus by Paliwal & Baijal (1985).

Madagascar species