Papaver dahlianum Nordhagen

Desjardins, Émilie, Lai, Sandra, Payette, Serge, Dubé, Martin, Sokoloff, Paul C., St-Louis, Annie, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Legros, Jade, Sirois, Luc, Vézina, François, Tam, Andrew & Berteaux, Dominique, 2021, Survey of the vascular plants of Alert (Ellesmere Island, Canada), a polar desert at the northern tip of the Americas, Check List 17 (1), pp. 181-225 : 201

Papaver dahlianum Nordhagen

Figure 9A, B

Materials examined. CANADA – Nunavut • Ellesmere Island, CFS Alert ; 82°25′52″N, 062°07′49″W; 296 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2019; habitat: wetland in a mountain pass, with peat and rocks as substrates, dominated by moss and Saxifraga cernua ; QFA0634992 .

Identification. Plants 2–13 cm high; herbaceous; caespitose. Taproots present. Stems 1–11 cm long; erect or ascending; hairy, with brown hairs. Leaves basal; alternate; petiolate. Petioles 5–30 mm long; flat; hairy, with pale brown hairs. Basal leaf blades 5–17 mm long, 2–10 mm wide; pinnatifid, with 1 terminal lobe and 2 or 3 main, ovate or oblong, acute lobes on each side (sometimes with secondary lobes); abaxial and adaxial surfaces both hairy, with dense white, yellow, or pale brown hairs; margins ciliate. Buds 10–12 mm long, 6–8 mm wide; less than twice as long as wide; ovoid; hairy, with dense dark brown hairs. Inflorescence a solitary flower. Sepals 2; 8–10 mm long, 4–6 mm wide; ovate; green or pinkish-brown; surface hairy, with dense dark brown hairs. Petals 4; 9–21 mm long, 12–22 mm wide; overlapping;

obovate; unlobed; yellow or pale yellow (greenish-blue when withered); margins sometimes fringed. Androecium with 28–35 stamens and 0.9–1.0 mm long anthers. Gynoecium with 6 stigmatic rays. Fruit a capsule; 10 mm long, 7 mm wide; obpyriform (with its broadest part apically); slightly constricted just beneath the flat stigmatic disc; green; hairy, with dark brown hairs.

Papaver dahlianum can be differentiated from some Canadian Arctic Papaver Linnaeus species by the pinnatifid blades, in contrast to pinnatisect blades found in P. labradoricum (Fedde) Solstad & Elven, P. lapponi- cum (Tolmatchew) Nordhagen, and P. hultenii Knaben (Solstad and Elven, unpublished). P. dahlianum and P. cornwallisense D. Löve are very similar but differ in the following characters: P. dahlianum has more stamens (30–50 stamens) than P. cornwallisense (≤24 stamens); P. dahlianum has longer buds (10–14 mm long) than P. cornwallisense (≤ 10 mm long); and P. dahlianum has nearly flat stigmatic discs, whereas they are convex in P. cornwallisense (Solstad and Elven unpublished).

Poaceae – Grass family