Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser

Lei, Yiming, Yang, Erfu, Dao, Chengjiao, Li, Xi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Saowaluck & Yan, Kai, 2023, Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P. R. China, Phytotaxa 616 (1), pp. 27-46 : 35-37

Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser , North American Flora 3 (1): 61 (1910) ( Figure 6 )

Index Fungorum number: IF257241

Endophytic on fresh leaves of Coriaria nepalensis , sporulated after half month. Sexual morph on PDA: Ascomata 25–340 µm (x = 280 µm, n = 20) high, 140–195 µm (x = 165 µm, n = 20) superficial, ostiolate, yellowish to greenish olivaceous in reflected light because of ascomatal hairs, ellipsoid or subglobose. Ascomatal wall 3–7 µm wide, brown, membranaceous, terminal hairs verrucose, septate, dark brown, fading and tapering towards the tips. Hamathecium 3–5 µm wide, hyaline, septate, branched, cellular, embedded in a glutinous matrix, paraphyses. Asci 26–40 × 9–14 µm (x= 33 × 12 µm, n = 30), long pedicellate 20–30 µm long, with eight biseriate ascospores, evanescent, thin-walled. Ascospores 8.5–11 × 6.5–8.5 µm (x= 10 × 7.5 µm, n = 30), limoniform, verrucose, hyaline when immature, olivaceous after mature, with and apical germ pore. Asexual morph: Unknown.

Substratum: Saccharum officinarum ( Teng 1996) ; Pinus halepensis ( Botella et al. 2010) ; Fresh leaves of Coriaria nepalensis (this study); Unknow ( Wang et al. 2022c); Panax notoginseng ( Wang et al. 2016b) .

Distribution: China ( Teng 1996, Wang et al. 2016b, this study), Spain ( Botella et al. 2010), American ( Wang et al. 2022c).

Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, Kunming, Kunyang, an abandoned and Open-Pit Phosphate Mine , on fresh leaves of Coriaria nepalensis , 22August 2022, C. J. Dao, 2 MS5 L2 ( HKAS 129064 ), living culture KUNCC23- 13353 . GenBank number: ITS: OR094463 , LSU: OR094458 , rpb2: OR095637, tub2: OR09563742 .

Notes: The morphological characteristics of Chaetomium cochliodes ( KUNCC 23-13353) well-fits with the generic type of Chaetomium . Based on the ex-epitype of Ch. cochliodes ( CBS 155.52), we conclude they have mostly similar size in asci and ascospores, and terminal hairs ( Wang et al. 2016b). In addition, results from the ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 nucleotide BLASTn search indicate our strain ( KUNCC 23-13353) gives 99–100% similarity with Ch. cochliodes ( LC 13552, LC 13504, LC13510, CBS 155.52). The phylogenetic results also match with Ch. cochliodes strains ( Figure 5 ). Therefore, we introduce Ch. cochliodes ( KUNCC 23-13353) as a new host record isolated from fresh leaves of Coriaria nepalensis .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 sequence datasets. The 70 strains are included in the combined gene analysis 2460 total character including gaps (LSU: 1–590 bp, ITS: 591–1128 bp, rpb2: 1129–1730 bp, tub2: 1731–2460 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -13768.250026 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated by RAxML model, with 828 distinct alignment patterns and 11.11% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.236385, C =0.275681, G = 0.277948, T = 0.209986, with substitution rates AC = 1.091927, AG = 4.082662, AT = 1.184028, CG = 1.265089, CT = 7.046047, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.760807 and the Tree-Length = 1.234745. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations was calculated as 0.009913 in BI analysis. The species introduced in this study are indicated in red, and the type strains are indicated in bold. Bootstrap values greater than 60% (ML, Left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hypens (-) represent values less than 60% in ML/0.95 in BI.

FIGURE 6. Chaetomium cochliodes (HKAS 129064). (a,e) Obverse and reverse of colonies on PDA; (b–d) Close up of the fruiting bodies on PDA; (f,g) Ascomata; (h) Asci; (i)Asci stained by the congo red reagents; (j, k) Setae; (l) Immature ascospores stained by congo red reagent; (m, n) Ascospores.