Hydroides parva ( Treadwell, 1902 )

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, European Journal of Taxonomy 344, pp. 1-76 : 37-38

Hydroides parva ( Treadwell, 1902)

Figs 4I , 6

Eupomatus parvus Treadwell, 1902: 210 , figs 79–80 (type locality: Boqueron Bay, Puerto Rico; on encrusting bryozoans).

Hydroides dianthus (non Verrill 1873) – Webster 1884: 327 ( Bermuda). — Zibrowius 1971: 699 (synonymy).

Hydroides (Eupomatus) n. sp. – Augener 1925: 16–17 ( Saint Croix, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean). — Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002: 127 (synonymy).

Hydroides (Eupomatus) parvus – Augener 1927: 80, textfig. 8 (Spaanse Water and Schottegat, Cura ҫao, Caribbean; on mangrove root). — Augener 1934: 116 –117 (Gairaca, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean; intertidal to 15 m).

Hydroides parvus – Bush 1910: 496 –497 ( Bermuda). — Treadwell 1939: 305 –306 ( Puerto Rico). — Rioja 1958: 251 –254, figs 1–2 (Veracruz, eastern Mexico). — Wells & Gray 1964: 74 (Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; hard substrates). — Zibrowius 1970: 6 –7, pl. 1, figs 5–6 (Recife, Brazil; 30 m; on rocks). — Rullier & Amoreux 1979: 194 (off Ipojuca River and Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil; intertidal to 27 m; sand, shells and rocks). — Díaz 1994: 618 ( Barbados, settlement and succession experiments; 10 m; coral plates, Orbicella annularis ). — ten Hove & San Martín 1995: 16 (de la Juventud Island, Cuba; 0.5–4 m; on mollusk shells, algae and mangrove roots). — Carrera-Parra & Vargas-Hernández 1997: 314 (Enmedio Island, Veracruz, eastern Mexico; 1–9 m; on the sponge Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)) . — Perkins 1998: 95 (checklist of shallow-water polychaetes from Florida). — Dueñas 1999: 14 (Providencia Island, Colombia). — Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b: 851, fig. 2n–p ( Puerto Rico and eastern Mexico: Términos Lagoon and Champotón, Campeche; Celestún, Yucatán; Yucatán Canal; Cabo Catoche, Contoy Island, Puerto Morelos, Ascensión Bay and Chinchorro Bank, Quintana Roo; intertidal to 41 m; on mangrove roots, seagrasses and algae, sea urchin spines, gastropods shells, sponges, corals, calcareous rocks and fouling of wood dock pilings). — Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002: 127 –129, figs 12A–K, 15 (Florida; eastern Mexico: Veracruz, Campeche, Yucatán and Quintana Roo; Puerto Rico; Montserrat; Atlantic Panama; Cura ҫao; Atlantic Colombia and Brazil; 0.6–41 m; salinity 31– 37‰; on mangrove roots, seagrasses and algae, sea urchin spines, bivalve and gastropods shells, sponges, calcareous rocks, live corals and fouling of wood dock pilings and canal docks).

Hydroides parva – Day 1973: 132 (Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States; intertidal). — Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001: 13 (Cariaco Gulf, Venezuela; PVC dock pilings).

Material examined

One specimen: BB (1) Aug. 2004.

Diagnosis

Tube missing. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Operculum funnel with 23 radii with pointed tips ( Fig. 4I ); verticil with seven yellowish spines, curving abruptly inwards, forming an external knob ( Fig. 4I ); all spines similar in shape and size, with pointed tips; with basal internal spinule and two welldeveloped lateral spinules in middle position, without external spinules, wings or central tooth ( Fig. 4I ). Special collar chaetae with two pointed, short teeth and smooth distal blade.

Taxonomic remarks

Hydroides parva is frequently confused with H. bispinosa , because both species have vertical spines with a pair of lateral spinules; however, the main difference is the shape of the funnel radii: rounded in H. bispinosa , sharp in H. parva . This species is more often found on natural substrates; however, occasionally it is found on artificial substrates ( Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b; Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2001; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002).

Ecology

Intertidal to 41 m. On mangrove roots, bryozoans, seagrasses and algae, sea urchin spines, gastropod shells, sponges, corals ( Orbicella annularis ), calcareous rocks and on artificial substrates such as fouling on wood dock pilings ( Díaz 1994; Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000b; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002).

Distribution

Caribbean Sea, Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, eastern United States (Florida and North Carolina) and Brazil ( Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002). In this work, only one specimen of Hydroides parva was found on a fouling plate from Biscayne Bay, Florida ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). – H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). – H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). – H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). – H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). – H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). – H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). – H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). – H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). – H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R).

Fig. 6. Distribution of serpulids (Hydroides spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols).