Symmerus annulatus (Meigen, 1830)**

Jakovlev, Jevgeni, Salmela, Jukka, Polevoi, Alexei, Penttinen, Jouni & Vartija, Noora-Annukka, 2014, Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae), Biodiversity Data Journal 2, pp. 1068-1068 : 1068

Symmerus annulatus (Meigen, 1830)**

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Polevoi; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Russia; stateProvince: Republic Karelia; verbatimLocality: Lahdenpohja, 9 km NE of Sukopohja; decimalLatitude: 61.688; decimalLongitude: 30.159; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: A. Polevoi; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 2005-7-7; Record Level: institutionCode: FRIP

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Penttinen; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Karelia ladogensis; municipality: Parikkala; locality: Siikalahti ; decimalLatitude: 61.556; decimalLongitude: 29.558; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Penttinen; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2008; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JPJ

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Kuokkamaa ; decimalLatitude: 60.121; decimalLongitude: 24.608; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-7-12/8-23; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Kuokkamaa ; decimalLatitude: 60.121; decimalLongitude: 24.608; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-8-23/10-9; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 2; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Kuokkamaa ; decimalLatitude: 60.121; decimalLongitude: 24.608; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-6-17/7-13; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Kuokkamaa ; decimalLatitude: 60.121; decimalLongitude: 24.608; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from wood; eventDate: 2010-7-12/8-23; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Kuokkamaa ; decimalLatitude: 60.121; decimalLongitude: 24.608; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from wood; eventDate: 2010-7-17/7-13; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Kuokkamaa ; decimalLatitude: 60.121; decimalLongitude: 24.608; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from wood; eventDate: 2010-8-23/10-9; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Norra flaget ; decimalLatitude: 60.113; decimalLongitude: 24.625; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-8-23/10-9; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 2; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Norra flaget ; decimalLatitude: 60.113; decimalLongitude: 24.625; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-6-19/7-13; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Kirkkonummi; locality: Norra flaget ; decimalLatitude: 60.113; decimalLongitude: 24.625; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from wood; eventDate: 2010-8-23/10-9; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-rich type; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 2; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Regio aboënsis; municipality: Tammisaari; locality: Dragsvikin kartano ; decimalLatitude: 60.001; decimalLongitude: 23.491; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-6-18/7-14; habitat: two isolated herb-rich forests divided with sea gulf and wet meadow. Spruce-dominated, partly dominated with Alnus glutinosa. Huge willows; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.Jakovlev; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Regio aboënsis; municipality: Tammisaari; locality: Dragsvikin kartano ; decimalLatitude: 60.001; decimalLongitude: 23.491; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2010-8-24/9-4; habitat: two isolated herb-rich forests divided with sea gulf and wet meadow. Spruce-dominated, partly dominated with Alnus glutinosa. Huge willows; Record Level: institutionCode: JJH

Distribution

Palaearctic, besides Europe recorded from Caucasus and West Siberia ( Zaitzev 1994). Widely distributed in Europe, including Fennoscandia ( Chandler 2004). Recorded only from southern areas in Sweden ( Kjaerandsen et al. 2007) and Norway ( Gammelmo and Rindal 2006). In Finland has been found also in the southernmost parts of the country (as Pleasiastina annulata , Lundström 1909). New to the Republic of Karelia.

Ecology

Larvae develop in rotten wood, feeding on the mycelia that it contains. The species has been reared from larvae found in rotten wood of deciduous trees only: beech ( Fagus ), elm ( Ulmus ) and lime ( Tilia ) ( Krivosheina and Mamaev 1967, Zaitzev 1994). Chandler ( Chandler 1993) reported the rearing of Symmerus annulatus from a hard ascomycete fungus Hypoxylon rubiginosum . The Karelian specimen was collected from a young grey alder ( Alnus incana ) forest.

Conservation

Red-listed in Norway (VU, Anonymous 2010, Gammelmo et al. 2010).